国产精品视频一区二区三区无码,国产午夜精品无码,午夜天堂一区人妻,无遮挡色视频免费观看,中文字幕久热精品视频在线

我國能源資源與電力負荷分布不均衡性決定了西電東送的必要性。甘肅具有豐富的風能、太陽能資源，自2007年國家批準在酒泉地區建立國內首個千萬千瓦級風電基地以來，甘肅新能源發展迅猛，目前已成為全國重要的新能源基地之一，甘肅電網成為典型的新能源送端電網。

大(da)力開展(zhan)電力外送，是甘肅(su)資(zi)源型(xing)經濟轉型(xing)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)措施，有(you)利于更大(da)范圍內合理配置(zhi)資(zi)源、促進新能(neng)源消納，在(zai)國家節能(neng)減(jian)排(pai)和能(neng)源優化配置(zhi)領域中起到(dao)越(yue)來越(yue)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)作用(yong)。實踐(jian)也已經證(zheng)明，在(zai)甘肅(su)電力市場供大(da)于需、省內消納空(kong)間有(you)限的(de)(de)情況下，大(da)力開展(zhan)電力外送，有(you)利于緩解(jie)新能(neng)源棄(qi)風棄(qi)光矛盾，是打破甘肅(su)新能(neng)源發(fa)展(zhan)困(kun)境的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)手段。

甘肅外送電開展現狀

（一）外送電通道逐年改善。

甘(gan)肅(su)電(dian)(dian)網位(wei)于西北電(dian)(dian)網中(zhong)心，從(cong)西北地區(qu)(qu)網架結(jie)構看，甘(gan)肅(su)處(chu)于“四室一(yi)廳”中(zhong)間(jian)位(wei)置。國內(nei)第(di)一(yi)條以(yi)輸送新能源為主的特(te)高壓直(zhi)流(liu)跨區(qu)(qu)輸電(dian)(dian)通道酒泉至湖南(nan)±800千伏(fu)特(te)高壓直(zhi)流(liu)工(gong)程(cheng)于2017年6月(yue)建(jian)成投運。

目(mu)前，甘(gan)肅可以(yi)利(li)用的外送(song)(song)通(tong)道主要有7個：一是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)甘(gan)肅祁(qi)韶直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)點對點送(song)(song)湖(hu)南；二是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)借道新疆天(tian)中直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)送(song)(song)河(he)南；三是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)寧夏靈紹(shao)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)送(song)(song)浙江(jiang)；四是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)寧夏銀東(dong)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)外送(song)(song)山東(dong)；五(wu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)靈寶、德(de)寶直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)外送(song)(song)華(hua)中；六是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)甘(gan)青聯絡線外送(song)(song)青海；七是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)柴拉直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)外送(song)(song)西(xi)藏(zang)。祁(qi)韶直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)實(shi)際最(zui)(zui)大輸送(song)(song)能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)400萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)，天(tian)中直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)實(shi)際最(zui)(zui)大輸送(song)(song)能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)650萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)，靈紹(shao)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)最(zui)(zui)大輸送(song)(song)能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)640萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)，銀東(dong)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)最(zui)(zui)大送(song)(song)電能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)400萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)，靈寶、德(de)寶直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)最(zui)(zui)大送(song)(song)電能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)411萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)，甘(gan)青外送(song)(song)青海6條跨省聯絡線最(zui)(zui)大送(song)(song)電能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)380萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)，柴拉直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)外送(song)(song)西(xi)藏(zang)通(tong)道最(zui)(zui)大送(song)(song)電能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)60萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)。

（二）外送電量不斷突破。

“十一五”期(qi)間甘肅省(sheng)外(wai)送(song)(song)電(dian)交易(yi)電(dian)量(liang)(liang)維持在20億(yi)千(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi)左右(you)。隨著多條超高(gao)壓以(yi)(yi)及特(te)高(gao)壓輸送(song)(song)通道建(jian)成(cheng)，西北電(dian)網跨省(sheng)區外(wai)送(song)(song)電(dian)交易(yi)開(kai)始提(ti)速，甘肅省(sheng)外(wai)送(song)(song)電(dian)交易(yi)規模開(kai)始擴(kuo)大。2013年(nian)起新能(neng)源(yuan)逐步參(can)與(yu)外(wai)送(song)(song)電(dian)市(shi)場，目(mu)前(qian)已(yi)經形成(cheng)了典型的新能(neng)源(yuan)送(song)(song)端電(dian)網。2011年(nian)、2017年(nian)，甘肅外(wai)送(song)(song)電(dian)量(liang)(liang)先后突破(po)100億(yi)千(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi)、200億(yi)千(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi)，其中(zhong)2017年(nian)總外(wai)送(song)(song)電(dian)量(liang)(liang)203億(yi)千(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi)中(zhong)有104億(yi)是外(wai)送(song)(song)新能(neng)源(yuan)電(dian)量(liang)(liang)。截止2018年(nian)10月，外(wai)送(song)(song)電(dian)量(liang)(liang)253億(yi)千(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi)，預計2018年(nian)甘肅外(wai)送(song)(song)電(dian)量(liang)(liang)將突破(po)300億(yi)千(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi)創(chuang)歷史新高(gao)。通過(guo)外(wai)送(song)(song)，預計新能(neng)源(yuan)年(nian)發電(dian)小時(shi)平(ping)均提(ti)高(gao)700小時(shi)以(yi)(yi)上，公(gong)用火電(dian)平(ping)均提(ti)高(gao)1200小時(shi)左右(you)。

（三）交易品種日益豐富。

近(jin)年來，通過創(chuang)新交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)方(fang)式(shi)，豐富交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)品種(zhong)，甘肅(su)電力外送(song)市(shi)場已達(da)19個(ge)省（區(qu)、市(shi)），在與(yu)(yu)西藏、江西、湖南(nan)、山(shan)東、青海組織開(kai)展年度(du)(du)、月度(du)(du)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)以及與(yu)(yu)華中(zhong)、華東等(deng)開(kai)展短期(qi)(qi)月度(du)(du)臨時交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)的基礎上，又先后與(yu)(yu)天津、四川(chuan)、重慶、河南(nan)、北京(jing)等(deng)省市(shi)協商(shang)開(kai)展電力合作事宜。目前，甘肅(su)電力外送(song)主要分為年（月）度(du)(du)新能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)與(yu)(yu)火電打捆中(zhong)長期(qi)(qi)外送(song)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)、新能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)跨省區(qu)增量(liang)現(xian)貨交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)、西北日前實時交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)三種(zhong)模式(shi)。

（四）市場消納成效顯著。

在省內消(xiao)納(na)空間有限的情(qing)況(kuang)下，為了緩解(jie)新能(neng)源(yuan)棄(qi)(qi)(qi)風(feng)棄(qi)(qi)(qi)光(guang)矛盾(dun)，我省不斷開(kai)(kai)拓外送(song)市(shi)場，通過(guo)跨省跨區(qu)中(zhong)長期外送(song)、現(xian)貨(huo)交易(yi)等方式加大(da)外送(song)力(li)度。同時(shi)(shi)，挖(wa)掘省內潛力(li)，開(kai)(kai)展新能(neng)源(yuan)與自備電(dian)(dian)廠發電(dian)(dian)權替(ti)代、直接交易(yi)，新能(neng)源(yuan)市(shi)場化消(xiao)納(na)成(cheng)(cheng)效顯著。通過(guo)多方努力(li)、多措并舉，2017年(nian)(nian)以來，甘(gan)肅新能(neng)源(yuan)實現(xian)階(jie)段性發電(dian)(dian)量和發電(dian)(dian)占比(bi)(bi)“雙升”、棄(qi)(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)量和棄(qi)(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)率(lv)(lv)(lv)“雙降”目標。今年(nian)(nian)1-10月，棄(qi)(qi)(qi)風(feng)、棄(qi)(qi)(qi)光(guang)電(dian)(dian)量分(fen)別為48億千瓦時(shi)(shi)、9.5億千瓦時(shi)(shi)；棄(qi)(qi)(qi)風(feng)率(lv)(lv)(lv)、棄(qi)(qi)(qi)風(feng)率(lv)(lv)(lv)分(fen)別為19.68%、10.73%。棄(qi)(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)量同比(bi)(bi)減(jian)少32億千瓦時(shi)(shi)，棄(qi)(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)率(lv)(lv)(lv)同比(bi)(bi)下降12個(ge)百分(fen)點(dian)。外送(song)電(dian)(dian)市(shi)場成(cheng)(cheng)為近兩年(nian)(nian)減(jian)少棄(qi)(qi)(qi)風(feng)棄(qi)(qi)(qi)光(guang)、促(cu)進新能(neng)源(yuan)消(xiao)納(na)的關鍵因素。

甘肅省外送電存在的主要問題

甘肅外(wai)送電市場主要(yao)存(cun)在(zai)兩個方(fang)面的問題：一是大規(gui)模連續外(wai)送能力受到考驗；二是外(wai)送電市場交易(yi)機制還需要(yao)不(bu)斷完(wan)善。另外(wai)，西北電力外(wai)送市場競(jing)爭(zheng)日(ri)趨激烈，與新疆、青海、寧(ning)夏比較，甘肅外(wai)送電競(jing)爭(zheng)力處于(yu)相(xiang)對劣勢。

（一）季節性特點與“鴨子曲線”問題。

甘肅(su)電(dian)源裝機結構特點等決定(ding)了甘肅(su)電(dian)網將(jiang)出現一年內水電(dian)大發時段(duan)富裕(yu)，冬季季節(jie)性供應(ying)不(bu)足，一日內光伏大發時段(duan)富裕(yu)，晚高峰無風(feng)情(qing)況下出力不(bu)足局面。

（二）煤電外送制約問題。

特別在冬季，當煤炭(tan)供(gong)應緊張、煤炭(tan)價格(ge)高位運行、購電地區購電價格(ge)低、省內(nei)煤電保(bao)省內(nei)供(gong)熱(re)等情況下，煤電企業的外(wai)送(song)(song)電能(neng)(neng)力和外(wai)送(song)(song)電意愿將(jiang)受(shou)(shou)到影響(xiang)，進而使新能(neng)(neng)源外(wai)送(song)(song)受(shou)(shou)到影響(xiang)。

（三）河西斷面受阻問題。

河(he)西(xi)地(di)區(qu)新(xin)(xin)能源輸送(song)(song)(song)的(de)交流通道(dao)為西(xi)北新(xin)(xin)疆聯網共用送(song)(song)(song)出(chu)(chu)通道(dao)，河(he)西(xi)斷面最大(da)送(song)(song)(song)出(chu)(chu)能力只(zhi)有560萬千瓦。河(he)西(xi)地(di)區(qu)新(xin)(xin)能源受阻(zu)嚴重，參與外(wai)送(song)(song)(song)能力受限。河(he)西(xi)新(xin)(xin)能源通過“四魚”通道(dao)過多參與外(wai)送(song)(song)(song)實際是東部火電(dian)代替了河(he)西(xi)新(xin)(xin)能源外(wai)送(song)(song)(song)。

（四）外送電市場電價偏低。

甘肅外(wai)送(song)(song)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)已經全(quan)部市場化，外(wai)送(song)(song)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)市場電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)低。2016年、2017年、2018年上半年外(wai)送(song)(song)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平均上網(wang)(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)低于0.2元(yuan)(yuan)/千瓦時(shi)(shi)(shi)。2017年新能源(yuan)送(song)(song)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)在(zai)(zai)0.12-0.24元(yuan)(yuan)/千瓦時(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)間；2018年新能源(yuan)送(song)(song)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)在(zai)(zai)0.09-0.26元(yuan)(yuan)/千瓦時(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)間，火電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企業(ye)(ye)外(wai)送(song)(song)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)上網(wang)(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)在(zai)(zai)0.17-0.3078元(yuan)(yuan)/千瓦時(shi)(shi)(shi)范圍，外(wai)送(song)(song)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)市場上網(wang)(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)比省內(nei)直(zhi)購電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)市場上網(wang)(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)低的原因：一是(shi)在(zai)(zai)外(wai)送(song)(song)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)處(chu)于“買方”市場，主(zhu)導權由購電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)省掌(zhang)握并(bing)控制；二是(shi)外(wai)送(song)(song)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)對(dui)省內(nei)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企業(ye)(ye)而言(yan)是(shi)增量，可(ke)以(yi)減少(shao)新能源(yuan)棄風棄光(guang)，提高火電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企業(ye)(ye)利(li)用小時(shi)(shi)(shi)；三是(shi)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企業(ye)(ye)存在(zai)(zai)惡性競爭現(xian)象。

甘肅省外送電工作相關建議

（一）夯實基礎設施建設。

提升祁韶直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)通(tong)(tong)道跨區(qu)輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)力，切實發(fa)揮祁韶直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)通(tong)(tong)道作用。進(jin)一步優化甘(gan)肅(su)主(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)結構，提高河(he)西向甘(gan)肅(su)中東(dong)部負荷中心送(song)(song)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)力，加快(kuai)推(tui)進(jin)750千伏河(he)西電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)加強工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)（甘(gan)肅(su)河(he)西第二通(tong)(tong)道）建設，穩(wen)步推(tui)動酒湖直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)配套調峰瓜州常樂電(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)火電(dian)(dian)(dian)項目建設,有(you)效支撐(cheng)酒湖直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)提高輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)力，助(zhu)推(tui)河(he)西地區(qu)大規模新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)力送(song)(song)出消納。充分利用國家(jia)規劃建設青海(hai)特(te)高壓(ya)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)外(wai)送(song)(song)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)有(you)利契(qi)機，主(zhu)動加強與青海(hai)省、河(he)南省、國家(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)公司等相關方面溝通(tong)(tong)銜接(jie)，利用青海(hai)特(te)高壓(ya)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)外(wai)送(song)(song)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)中長期穩(wen)定輸(shu)送(song)(song)甘(gan)肅(su)省富裕電(dian)(dian)(dian)力，緩解新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源棄風棄光限電(dian)(dian)(dian)制約。推(tui)進(jin)優勢(shi)煤(mei)炭資源開(kai)發(fa)，推(tui)進(jin)隴東(dong)能(neng)(neng)源基地建設進(jin)程(cheng)和隴東(dong)特(te)高直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)前期工(gong)(gong)作。

（二）提升電網調節能力。

一(yi)是(shi)繼續實(shi)施備(bei)用容量共享和(he)(he)省(sheng)(sheng)間(jian)互濟(ji)，完(wan)善跨省(sheng)(sheng)輔助服務和(he)(he)發(fa)電(dian)權交易機(ji)(ji)制。二是(shi)加強(qiang)自備(bei)電(dian)廠調峰管理，與公網火電(dian)同等開展調峰服務。三是(shi)充(chong)分利用市場(chang)化手(shou)段促進(jin)火電(dian)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)靈(ling)活(huo)性改(gai)造(zao)。四是(shi)結合甘肅電(dian)網新(xin)能源高占比運行(xing)(xing)特性明顯的實(shi)際，加快能源技術創新(xin)，提升電(dian)網調度運行(xing)(xing)控制水平和(he)(he)電(dian)網靈(ling)活(huo)調節能力(li)。

（三）強化政府間合作。

按照“政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)推(tui)動、市場運作”的(de)原則，緊緊抓住國(guo)家實施可再生能(neng)源電(dian)力(li)(li)配(pei)額制機會，主動加強與(yu)相關(guan)省市銜接，推(tui)動省市政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)間(jian)電(dian)力(li)(li)合作，發揮電(dian)力(li)(li)交(jiao)易平臺作用，開拓(tuo)電(dian)力(li)(li)外送(song)消納市場。加強外送(song)電(dian)交(jiao)易中(zhong)惡性降價行(xing)為的(de)監管和(he)約談，必要時(shi)對外送(song)電(dian)價格進(jin)行(xing)政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)干預。

（四）健全市場交易機制。

在(zai)總(zong)結(jie)新能源(yuan)(yuan)與(yu)火(huo)(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)打(da)捆的中長期(qi)外送(song)經驗的基礎上，探索完(wan)善風光水火(huo)(huo)打(da)捆的長期(qi)外送(song)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)，利用(yong)(yong)和發揮好甘(gan)(gan)肅(su)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)裝機(ji)結(jie)構(gou)特點與(yu)優勢(shi)。充(chong)分尊重(zhong)和保護發用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)市(shi)場(chang)主體地位和權利，不斷完(wan)善雙(shuang)邊協商、集中競價、掛牌等方式(shi)(shi)的中長期(qi)外送(song)電(dian)(dian)(dian)交(jiao)易形(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi)，形(xing)(xing)成跨省跨區電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)優化(hua)配(pei)置(zhi)的市(shi)場(chang)化(hua)機(ji)制(zhi)和價格機(ji)制(zhi)。結(jie)合甘(gan)(gan)肅(su)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網特點，推(tui)進省內現貨(huo)市(shi)場(chang)建設試點，逐步實現省內現貨(huo)市(shi)場(chang)與(yu)新能源(yuan)(yuan)增量跨省區現貨(huo)交(jiao)易的融(rong)合，消除省際(ji)間電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)市(shi)場(chang)壁壘，推(tui)進外送(song)電(dian)(dian)(dian)市(shi)場(chang)建設健康發展，促進可再(zai)生(sheng)能源(yuan)(yuan)更大范圍的消納。