2018年,是我國發展進程中極不平凡的一年。在全面貫徹黨的十九大精神的開局之年,面對復雜嚴峻的外部環境和經濟下行的內部壓力,按照高質量發展總要求、以深化供給側結構性改革為主線,打好三大攻堅戰,統籌推進穩增長、促改革、調結構、惠民生、防風險各項工作,國民經濟運行總體平穩、穩中有進。
在經(jing)濟總(zong)需求擴張走弱、經(jing)濟下(xia)行壓力加大的情況(kuang)下(xia),電力消費增速回升,彈性系數超過1,創下(xia)近年(nian)來的新(xin)(xin)高。國內市(shi)場發展(zhan)態勢良好,全(quan)社會用電需求繼續回升,清潔低碳發展(zhan)成(cheng)為主流(liu),能源革命(ming)、技術(shu)創新(xin)(xin)催生(sheng)更多新(xin)(xin)業態、新(xin)(xin)需求,為發電企業提供了(le)機遇(yu),經(jing)營局面呈穩中向好態勢。
在2019年全國兩會(hui)召開之(zhi)際(ji),本期(qi)《中國電(dian)力報》權威(wei)披(pi)露2018年新五大發電(dian)集團主要經濟技術指標,并從規模及贏利(li)能(neng)(neng)力、可持(chi)續發展(zhan)(zhan)能(neng)(neng)力、節能(neng)(neng)減排(pai)3個方面對其數(shu)(shu)據(ju)進行解讀。有所不同(tong)的是,在可持(chi)續發展(zhan)(zhan)能(neng)(neng)力方面,更加關注(zhu)關停落后煤電(dian)產能(neng)(neng)容(rong)量。所有披(pi)露數(shu)(shu)據(ju)來源于各企業資(zi)料、網站(zhan)、官微,以(yi)及新華網、中電(dian)聯網站(zhan)等權威(wei)網站(zhan),相關數(shu)(shu)據(ju)系首(shou)次發布,個別數(shu)(shu)據(ju)可能(neng)(neng)與有關公(gong)司統(tong)計口徑有出入。
規模及贏利能力
2018年,隨(sui)著(zhu)供給側(ce)結構性改革(ge)的(de)深(shen)入推進,年度電(dian)(dian)力消費結構繼續優化,電(dian)(dian)力生產(chan)延續綠色低碳發(fa)(fa)展趨勢(shi)(shi),高質(zhi)(zhi)量發(fa)(fa)展成效(xiao)初步顯(xian)現(xian)。用電(dian)(dian)增(zeng)(zeng)速回升,電(dian)(dian)網(wang)峰(feng)谷差加(jia)大,全國(guo)電(dian)(dian)力供需形勢(shi)(shi)從(cong)前幾年的(de)總(zong)體(ti)寬松轉為總(zong)體(ti)平衡。即便煤炭(tan)價格仍高位運行、新能源電(dian)(dian)價退坡(po)加(jia)快,面(mian)對更加(jia)激(ji)烈的(de)市場(chang)競爭,發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)企(qi)業(ye)生產(chan)經營(ying)局(ju)面(mian)依舊(jiu)呈(cheng)穩中向好態勢(shi)(shi)。發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)量繼續保持(chi)增(zeng)(zeng)長,營(ying)業(ye)收入持(chi)續回升,降杠桿減(jian)負債、提質(zhi)(zhi)增(zeng)(zeng)效(xiao)、瘦身(shen)健體(ti)、處(chu)置特(te)困企(qi)業(ye)成效(xiao)明顯(xian)。
●營業收入(億元)
2018年(nian),由(you)于用(yong)電增(zeng)速(su)回(hui)升(sheng)、利用(yong)小時增(zeng)加、“三棄”問題進一步緩解等因素(su)影響,新五大(da)發(fa)電集團營業(ye)收入繼續(xu)呈增(zeng)長(chang)態勢。國家能源集團優勢明顯(xian),全年(nian)完成(cheng)營業(ye)收入5433億元,同比(bi)增(zeng)長(chang)6.4%。華能集團實現營業(ye)收入2752億元,同比(bi)增(zeng)長(chang)5.6%。
國家(jia)電(dian)投集團(tuan)營(ying)業(ye)收(shou)入(ru)2266.56億(yi)元,同比增長12.81%。華電(dian)集團(tuan)營(ying)業(ye)收(shou)入(ru)2152億(yi)元,同比增長8.5%。大唐集團(tuan)實(shi)現營(ying)業(ye)收(shou)入(ru)同比增長11.07%,為1899.3億(yi)元。
●資產負債率(%)
“去杠桿”是中(zhong)央(yang)針對我(wo)國當前經濟進入新(xin)常態以后做出的重大戰略部(bu)(bu)署。2018年,新(xin)五大發電集團降(jiang)(jiang)杠桿減(jian)負債成效明顯,資產負債率(lv)首(shou)次(ci)全部(bu)(bu)降(jiang)(jiang)低至80%以下。
國家電投集團降幅最(zui)大,同(tong)比下(xia)降3.09個百(bai)分(fen)點(dian)(dian),資(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)負(fu)債(zhai)率(lv)(lv)降至78.61%。國家能源集團資(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)負(fu)債(zhai)率(lv)(lv)最(zui)低(di),在剔除清產(chan)核資(zi)(zi)(zi)、上(shang)繳特(te)別收(shou)益等因素影響后(hou)為60.09%,較(jiao)(jiao)年(nian)初下(xia)降1.31個百(bai)分(fen)點(dian)(dian)。華(hua)能集團制訂并(bing)落實降杠桿減負(fu)債(zhai)防風險三(san)年(nian)行動方案(an),公司(si)資(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)負(fu)債(zhai)率(lv)(lv)同(tong)比下(xia)降2個百(bai)分(fen)點(dian)(dian),為76.74%。大唐集團負(fu)債(zhai)率(lv)(lv)比上(shang)年(nian)末下(xia)降3.01個百(bai)分(fen)點(dian)(dian),為76.95%,低(di)于國資(zi)(zi)(zi)委年(nian)度(du)控制目標(biao)1.05個百(bai)分(fen)點(dian)(dian)。華(hua)電集團資(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)負(fu)債(zhai)率(lv)(lv)77.83%,較(jiao)(jiao)年(nian)初下(xia)降2.88個百(bai)分(fen)點(dian)(dian),近10年(nian)來首次降低(di)到(dao)80%以下(xia)。
●發電量(億千瓦時)
2018年,全國全口徑(jing)發電(dian)量69900億(yi)千瓦時(shi),同比增長8.4%;各類型發電(dian)設(she)(she)備利用(yong)小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)均(jun)(jun)同比提高(gao),全國發電(dian)設(she)(she)備平均(jun)(jun)利用(yong)小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)為(wei)3862小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi),同比提高(gao)73小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi),尤其是并網風電(dian)2095小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi),為(wei)2013年以來新(xin)高(gao)。在各級政府和電(dian)力企業等多方(fang)共(gong)同努力下,可再生能源(yuan)利用(yong)率顯著(zhu)提升,“三(san)棄”狀(zhuang)況得到緩解,為(wei)發電(dian)行業經營(ying)業績的“回(hui)暖”貢獻了力量。
新五(wu)大發(fa)電集(ji)團搶(qiang)抓全社會用電量(liang)較快增(zeng)長、清潔能(neng)源(yuan)消納改(gai)善(shan)等有利形勢,超額完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)全年發(fa)電量(liang)計劃。國(guo)家(jia)能(neng)源(yuan)集(ji)團發(fa)電量(liang)同比增(zeng)長7.4%,以9533億(yi)千瓦時高居榜(bang)首。華能(neng)集(ji)團次(ci)之,完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)發(fa)電量(liang)(國(guo)內)7026億(yi)千瓦時,同比增(zeng)長8.2%。
華電(dian)集(ji)團發(fa)電(dian)量首次突(tu)破5500億千瓦時,完成5559億千瓦時,同比增長(chang)8.5%,列第(di)三(san)位。大唐集(ji)團完成發(fa)電(dian)量同比增長(chang)7.22%,達5541億千瓦時。國(guo)家電(dian)投集(ji)團全年完成發(fa)電(dian)量4980億千瓦時。
可持續發展能力
當前,我國能(neng)源(yuan)發展處于可(ke)再生能(neng)源(yuan)替代化(hua)石能(neng)源(yuan)的(de)戰略轉型(xing)期,也是政策調整和(he)產(chan)(chan)業轉型(xing)升級(ji)的(de)融合期,能(neng)源(yuan)產(chan)(chan)業呈現有(you)進(jin)有(you)退(tui)的(de)發展態勢。
2018年,全國新增(zeng)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)機容量1.2億千(qian)瓦、同比(bi)減少(shao)605萬千(qian)瓦,其中,新增(zeng)非化石能(neng)源發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)機占新增(zeng)總裝(zhuang)機的(de)73%,全國新增(zeng)煤(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)2903萬千(qian)瓦、同比(bi)少(shao)投產(chan)601萬千(qian)瓦,為(wei)2004年以來的(de)最低水平(ping)。從(cong)“防范化解(jie)煤(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)產(chan)能(neng)過剩風險”到“大(da)力化解(jie)煤(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)產(chan)能(neng)過剩”,發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)行業化解(jie)過剩產(chan)能(neng)工作積(ji)極(ji)有序推(tui)進(jin),供給側結構性改(gai)革初見成效。
●裝機容量(萬千瓦)
截至2018年(nian)底,國(guo)家能(neng)源集(ji)團總裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機容(rong)量(liang)23887萬(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦,領跑發電(dian)領域(yu)(火電(dian)總裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機容(rong)量(liang)18052萬(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦,占全(quan)國(guo)15.8%;新能(neng)源裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機容(rong)量(liang)3969萬(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦;水(shui)電(dian)已投產裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機1866萬(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦)。華能(neng)集(ji)團裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機規模(mo)達到17657萬(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦,居世(shi)界前列(lie)。華電(dian)集(ji)團、國(guo)家電(dian)投集(ji)團以14779萬(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦、14025萬(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦位列(lie)第(di)(di)三、第(di)(di)四(si)。大(da)唐(tang)集(ji)團總裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機容(rong)量(liang)為(wei)13892萬(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦。
●核準電源項目(萬千瓦)
2018年,華(hua)能(neng)(neng)集(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)全(quan)年核準低碳清潔(jie)能(neng)(neng)源項目316萬(wan)千(qian)瓦,投(tou)產527萬(wan)千(qian)瓦。大唐(tang)集(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)核準電(dian)源項目430.32萬(wan)千(qian)瓦,清潔(jie)能(neng)(neng)源占94.91%;投(tou)產514.92萬(wan)千(qian)瓦,清潔(jie)能(neng)(neng)源占52.03%。國(guo)家(jia)電(dian)投(tou)集(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)新增電(dian)力產能(neng)(neng)1452萬(wan)千(qian)瓦。國(guo)家(jia)能(neng)(neng)源集(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)新增裝機(ji)1203萬(wan)千(qian)瓦。(華(hua)電(dian)集(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)數據略(lve))
●關停落后煤電產能(萬千瓦)
煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)一直是我國的(de)主(zhu)體電(dian)(dian)源,國家(jia)在淘汰落(luo)后(hou)煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)產(chan)(chan)能的(de)同時(shi),加強對已核(he)準緩建煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)項(xiang)目的(de)宏觀調控,嚴格控制新增規模。2018年,大唐集團(tuan)主(zhu)動關(guan)停(ting)落(luo)后(hou)煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)產(chan)(chan)能208萬千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)。華(hua)電(dian)(dian)集團(tuan)淘汰落(luo)后(hou)煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)186萬千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)。國家(jia)能源集團(tuan)關(guan)停(ting)煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)機組349萬千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)。(華(hua)能集團(tuan)、國家(jia)電(dian)(dian)投集團(tuan)數據略)
節能減排
我國經濟結構進一步優化調整,經濟新動能逐步凸(tu)顯,生態文明建設(she)異彩紛呈(cheng),綠色發(fa)展紅利(li)持續釋放。2018年,發(fa)電企業堅持“綠水(shui)青(qing)山就(jiu)是金(jin)山銀(yin)山”理念(nian),落實(shi)打贏藍天保衛戰行動計劃,向更(geng)(geng)清潔(jie)、更(geng)(geng)高效(xiao)轉(zhuan)型(xing)。
●供電煤耗(克/千瓦時)
在(zai)本次(ci)對(dui)比(bi)(bi)(bi)的(de)5家企業(ye)中(zhong),華能集(ji)團供(gong)電(dian)(dian)煤(mei)耗(hao)(hao)最(zui)低,完成298.72克/千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi),同(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)下降(jiang)1.39克/千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi)。大唐集(ji)團供(gong)電(dian)(dian)煤(mei)耗(hao)(hao)同(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)下降(jiang)3.44克/千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi),降(jiang)幅最(zui)為明顯,完成301.84克/千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi)。華電(dian)(dian)集(ji)團供(gong)電(dian)(dian)煤(mei)耗(hao)(hao)完成300.33克/千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi),同(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)降(jiang)低0.47克/千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi)。
國家電(dian)投集團(tuan)火電(dian)供電(dian)煤耗300.38克/千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi),下降2.27克/千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi)。國家能(neng)源集團(tuan)常規煤電(dian)機組供電(dian)煤耗304.8克/千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi),同比降低1.7克/千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi)。
●超低排放機組容量(萬千瓦)
“十三(san)五”規劃執行3年以來,我國(guo)節能降(jiang)耗成(cheng)(cheng)效顯(xian)著。截至(zhi)2018年三(san)季度末,我國(guo)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)組累計(ji)完成(cheng)(cheng)超(chao)低(di)排(pai)(pai)放(fang)改(gai)(gai)造(zao)7億千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)以上(shang)(shang),占(zhan)全部煤(mei)(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)組75%以上(shang)(shang),提(ti)前(qian)超(chao)額完成(cheng)(cheng)5.8億千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)總(zong)量改(gai)(gai)造(zao)目(mu)(mu)標(biao),加上(shang)(shang)新建(jian)的超(chao)低(di)排(pai)(pai)放(fang)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)組,我國(guo)超(chao)低(di)排(pai)(pai)放(fang)限值煤(mei)(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)組已(yi)達7.5億千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)以上(shang)(shang);節能改(gai)(gai)造(zao)累計(ji)已(yi)完成(cheng)(cheng)6.5億千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa),其中“十三(san)五”期間完成(cheng)(cheng)改(gai)(gai)造(zao)3.5億千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa),提(ti)前(qian)超(chao)額完成(cheng)(cheng)“十三(san)五”3.4億千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)改(gai)(gai)造(zao)目(mu)(mu)標(biao),提(ti)前(qian)兩年完成(cheng)(cheng)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)超(chao)低(di)排(pai)(pai)放(fang)和節能改(gai)(gai)造(zao)總(zong)量目(mu)(mu)標(biao)任務,已(yi)建(jian)成(cheng)(cheng)全球(qiu)最大(da)的清潔煤(mei)(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)供(gong)應體系。
大(da)唐集(ji)團落實(shi)(shi)打贏藍天保衛戰行(xing)動計劃,截至2018年底,全集(ji)團累(lei)(lei)計超(chao)低(di)排(pai)放(fang)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)達到226臺、9427.5萬(wan)千(qian)瓦,占在(zai)役燃(ran)煤(mei)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)容量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)94.7%,容量(liang)占比居行(xing)業先進水平。華(hua)能集(ji)團累(lei)(lei)計281臺、11200萬(wan)千(qian)瓦煤(mei)機(ji)(ji)實(shi)(shi)現超(chao)低(di)排(pai)放(fang),比重達到94%,提(ti)前完(wan)成國(guo)家下達的(de)(de)(de)“十三五”改造任務。國(guo)家能源集(ji)團超(chao)低(di)排(pai)放(fang)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)達到343臺、總裝機(ji)(ji)16000萬(wan)千(qian)瓦,占煤(mei)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)總量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)91%。華(hua)電(dian)集(ji)團中東部(bu)地區燃(ran)煤(mei)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)基本完(wan)成超(chao)低(di)排(pai)放(fang)改造,超(chao)低(di)排(pai)放(fang)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)占比達到86.5%,為7713萬(wan)千(qian)瓦。(國(guo)家電(dian)投集(ji)團數據略)
●清潔能源裝機占比(%)
從清(qing)潔能(neng)(neng)源裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)機占(zhan)比(bi)(bi)來看,國家(jia)電(dian)投集(ji)(ji)團清(qing)潔能(neng)(neng)源占(zhan)比(bi)(bi)最高,為48.9%。華電(dian)集(ji)(ji)團次之,清(qing)潔能(neng)(neng)源裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)機占(zhan)比(bi)(bi)39.66%,同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)增(zeng)長0.7個百(bai)分點。大唐集(ji)(ji)團清(qing)潔能(neng)(neng)源裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)機占(zhan)比(bi)(bi)為35.57%列第三位(wei)。華能(neng)(neng)集(ji)(ji)團低碳清(qing)潔能(neng)(neng)源裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)機占(zhan)總裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)機比(bi)(bi)重同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)提高2.2個百(bai)分點,達33.2%。國家(jia)能(neng)(neng)源集(ji)(ji)團可再生能(neng)(neng)源裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)機占(zhan)比(bi)(bi)24.4%。