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近年(nian)來(lai)，新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)技術、云計算(suan)、大(da)數據、移動通(tong)訊和(he)人(ren)工智能(neng)(neng)等創(chuang)新技術的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)，不斷推(tui)動著能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)行電(dian)(dian)力行業的(de)(de)(de)轉型升(sheng)級，帶來(lai)電(dian)(dian)網形態(tai)(tai)功能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)改變(bian)(bian)，也帶來(lai)電(dian)(dian)力新業態(tai)(tai)不斷涌(yong)現，為電(dian)(dian)網的(de)(de)(de)創(chuang)新發展(zhan)帶來(lai)新的(de)(de)(de)機遇和(he)挑戰。2018年(nian)電(dian)(dian)力新業態(tai)(tai)發展(zhan)亮點紛呈，成為推(tui)動能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)網轉型發展(zhan)和(he)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)力管(guan)理變(bian)(bian)革的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)力量。

一、電力新業態

分布式能源、微網以及綜合能源系統

從早期的分布式(shi)天然氣多(duo)聯(lian)供到近期的新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源供能(neng)(neng)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)，再到微電(dian)(dian)網(wang)、多(duo)能(neng)(neng)互(hu)補和(he)綜合能(neng)(neng)源系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)，通(tong)過(guo)先進(jin)信息(xi)技術(shu)、能(neng)(neng)量管理技術(shu)與能(neng)(neng)源產業(ye)深度(du)融合，推動能(neng)(neng)源電(dian)(dian)力新(xin)業(ye)態的興(xing)起。這(zhe)些新(xin)的供能(neng)(neng)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)從“離網(wang)型”獨立供能(neng)(neng)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)開始起步，以“并網(wang)型”實現廣泛(fan)應用，既是(shi)電(dian)(dian)源又是(shi)負(fu)荷，成為電(dian)(dian)力系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)中區別于傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)源和(he)負(fu)荷的電(dian)(dian)力新(xin)業(ye)態。

分布式能源：是(shi)利用(yong)小型設備就(jiu)近向用(yong)戶提(ti)供能(neng)源(yuan)供應的能(neng)源(yuan)利用(yong)方式(shi)，從20世紀(ji)70年代開始發展(zhan)。客觀來看，大系統(tong)比小系統(tong)更具有規模效(xiao)應，能(neng)源(yuan)效(xiao)率(lv)相(xiang)對較高，但由于分(fen)布式(shi)能(neng)源(yuan)系統(tong)能(neng)夠(gou)實現熱電(dian)聯(lian)供，提(ti)高能(neng)源(yuan)利用(yong)效(xiao)率(lv)，因此(ci)也得到了廣泛關注。早期分(fen)布式(shi)能(neng)源(yuan)應用(yong)形式(shi)主要以天然氣熱電(dian)聯(lian)供為(wei)主，通常接入(ru)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)，只“上(shang)網(wang)(wang)(wang)”不(bu)“下網(wang)(wang)(wang)”；或者(zhe)只“下網(wang)(wang)(wang)”不(bu)“上(shang)網(wang)(wang)(wang)”，對電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)而言作為(wei)負荷(he)的形態(tai)存在，因此(ci)也談不(bu)上(shang)電(dian)力新業態(tai)。

近些(xie)年(nian)來，隨(sui)著可(ke)再生能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)技術的(de)(de)成熟和廣泛應用，同時由(you)(you)于風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)、太陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)光伏(fu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)量密度低，更(geng)適合就近、以小(xiao)系(xi)統(tong)方式利用，風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)、太陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)光伏(fu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)已成為(wei)分布式能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發展的(de)(de)主要(yao)形式。由(you)(you)于風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)、太陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)光伏(fu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)出力特性(xing)的(de)(de)波動(dong)性(xing)，主要(yao)以并網(wang)(wang)實現風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)、光伏(fu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)經濟高效利用，這(zhe)種類型分布式能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)既“上網(wang)(wang)”又(you)“下(xia)網(wang)(wang)”，對電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)而言既是電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)又(you)是負荷，成為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力新業態。

微網：早期主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)指(zhi)微電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)以(yi)本地可再生能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)，通(tong)過增加(jia)儲能(neng)(neng)單(dan)元和控(kong)制單(dan)元，成(cheng)為(wei)高滲(shen)透率風電(dian)(dian)(dian)、太陽能(neng)(neng)等(deng)分(fen)布式新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)應用(yong)的高級(ji)形式。微電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)是由(you)分(fen)布式電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)、用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)負(fu)荷(he)、配電(dian)(dian)(dian)設施、監控(kong)和保護裝置(zhi)等(deng)組成(cheng)的小(xiao)型發(fa)(fa)配用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)，主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)特點是電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)等(deng)級(ji)低(di)，一(yi)般(ban)在35千伏(fu)及以(yi)下(xia)；系(xi)統(tong)規模小(xiao)，系(xi)統(tong)容量(liang)（最大用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)負(fu)荷(he)）原(yuan)則上不大于20兆瓦。后來隨(sui)著(zhu)微網(wang)(wang)(wang)內(nei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的多(duo)(duo)樣化(hua)，以(yi)及能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)輸(shu)出(chu)形式的多(duo)(duo)樣化(hua)（由(you)單(dan)一(yi)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)向供電(dian)(dian)(dian)、供熱、供冷等(deng)多(duo)(duo)元供能(neng)(neng)），微電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)成(cheng)為(wei)微能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)網(wang)(wang)(wang)。

盡管微網(wang)(wang)早(zao)期以離網(wang)(wang)型(xing)為主，但(dan)從應用和發展趨勢(shi)來看，并網(wang)(wang)型(xing)微網(wang)(wang)是主要應用形式，與(yu)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)雙向互動，成為電(dian)力(li)新(xin)業態。

多能互補綜合能源系統：又稱綜(zong)合能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)系(xi)統，既(ji)是微網(wang)的(de)升級版，又是能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)互(hu)(hu)聯(lian)網(wang)（“互(hu)(hu)聯(lian)網(wang)+”智慧(hui)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)系(xi)統）的(de)重要(yao)單元(yuan)。2016年7月，國家發展改革委國家能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)局(ju)推(tui)出《關于推(tui)進多能(neng)(neng)(neng)互(hu)(hu)補(bu)集成優(you)化(hua)(hua)示范工程建(jian)設的(de)實施(shi)意見》，首次提出多能(neng)(neng)(neng)互(hu)(hu)補(bu)集成優(you)化(hua)(hua)示范工程的(de)兩種模式(shi)，其中(zhong)終端(duan)一體化(hua)(hua)集成供能(neng)(neng)(neng)系(xi)統也就(jiu)是綜(zong)合能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)系(xi)統，其特(te)點是面向終端(duan)用(yong)戶電、熱、冷、氣等多種用(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)需(xu)求，互(hu)(hu)補(bu)利用(yong)傳統能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)和新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，構建(jian)一體化(hua)(hua)集成供能(neng)(neng)(neng)基(ji)礎設施(shi)，通過(guo)天(tian)然(ran)氣熱電冷三聯(lian)供、分布式(shi)可再生能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)和智能(neng)(neng)(neng)微網(wang)等方式(shi)，實現(xian)多能(neng)(neng)(neng)協同供應(ying)和能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)綜(zong)合梯級利用(yong)，是構建(jian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)互(hu)(hu)聯(lian)網(wang)的(de)基(ji)礎。

儲能系統

這里主要指非抽蓄儲(chu)(chu)電(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)。早期(qi)的儲(chu)(chu)能系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)是(shi)微網(wang)(wang)和綜合能源(yuan)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的組成部分(fen)。近年來，隨著電(dian)化(hua)學儲(chu)(chu)能技術的快速(su)發展和成本的大幅下降，用戶側儲(chu)(chu)能系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)、電(dian)源(yuan)側儲(chu)(chu)能系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)，特別是(shi)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)側儲(chu)(chu)能系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)快速(su)發展，成為一種電(dian)力(li)新業態。電(dian)網(wang)(wang)側儲(chu)(chu)能是(shi)指直接(jie)接(jie)入公用電(dian)網(wang)(wang)、接(jie)受電(dian)網(wang)(wang)調度的儲(chu)(chu)能系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)。

二、新業態發展現狀

分布式能源、微網及綜合能源系統

分布式電源：近年來，技術(shu)進步帶動分(fen)(fen)布(bu)式(shi)(shi)電源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)經濟性(xing)持續(xu)提升，加(jia)上新(xin)能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)布(bu)局(ju)調整、電力(li)改革深化(hua)、新(xin)城(cheng)鎮新(xin)農(nong)村(cun)建設(she)等政策(ce)措施持續(xu)推進，各方參(can)與分(fen)(fen)布(bu)式(shi)(shi)電源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的積極性(xing)進一步提高(gao)，分(fen)(fen)布(bu)式(shi)(shi)電源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)呈現高(gao)速發展態勢。我國(guo)(guo)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)式(shi)(shi)電源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)尚未建立統(tong)一的全國(guo)(guo)范圍統(tong)計口(kou)徑，根(gen)據相關統(tong)計數據，到2018年底，我國(guo)(guo)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)式(shi)(shi)電源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1裝機(ji)約為(wei)(wei)7500萬千(qian)瓦，占(zhan)電源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)總裝機(ji)的3.8%。我國(guo)(guo)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)式(shi)(shi)電源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)以新(xin)能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)為(wei)(wei)主，其中分(fen)(fen)布(bu)式(shi)(shi)光(guang)伏占(zhan)比達67%。分(fen)(fen)布(bu)式(shi)(shi)電源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)集中在東中部和南(nan)方地區，其中浙(zhe)江、山東、江蘇、安徽四省合計約占(zhan)60%

微電網：根據已掌握的項(xiang)目并網(wang)(wang)信息，國(guo)內(nei)已投運(yun)的微電(dian)網(wang)(wang)工程(cheng)項(xiang)目超過35個。這(zhe)些微電(dian)網(wang)(wang)工程(cheng)大致可分為三類：偏遠地區(qu)微電(dian)網(wang)(wang)、海島(dao)微電(dian)網(wang)(wang)和城(cheng)市(shi)微電(dian)網(wang)(wang)。

偏遠地區微電網：我國(guo)已在西藏、青海、新疆(jiang)、內蒙(meng)古等省的邊遠地區(qu)建設了一批微網工程，共計11個(ge)，以并網型微電(dian)網為主(zhu)，包(bao)括：西藏措勤縣微電(dian)網、蒙(meng)東陳巴(ba)爾胡旗微電(dian)網、青海玉(yu)樹微電(dian)網等；

海島地區微電網：利(li)用海(hai)島(dao)新能源、建(jian)設海(hai)島(dao)微(wei)網(wang)是解決(jue)我國海(hai)島(dao)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)問題的最佳選擇，目前共建(jian)成(cheng)10個，主要是離網(wang)型微(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)，包括：浙江南(nan)麂島(dao)微(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)試點(dian)、廣東珠海(hai)東澳島(dao)微(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)試點(dian)、海(hai)南(nan)三沙(sha)市永興島(dao)微(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)等。

城市微電網：多集成(cheng)新能源、提供(gong)高質量及多樣性(xing)的供(gong)電(dian)可靠性(xing)服務、冷熱電(dian)綜合利用(yong)等，已(yi)建成(cheng)13個，以(yi)并網型微電(dian)網為(wei)主(zhu)，包括：天津生態城公屋展示中心微電(dian)網、佛山(shan)冷熱電(dian)聯供(gong)微電(dian)網、江蘇南(nan)京供(gong)電(dian)公司微電(dian)網等。

多能互補、綜合能源系統示范項目：“十三(san)五”以來，國家已批復“互(hu)聯網(wang)+”智慧能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)等試點示(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)55個(ge)，其中城市能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)互(hu)聯網(wang)綜(zong)合示(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)12個(ge)、園區能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)互(hu)聯網(wang)綜(zong)合示(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)12個(ge)、其它及跨地區多能(neng)協同示(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)5個(ge)、基(ji)于電(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車的(de)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)互(hu)聯網(wang)示(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)6個(ge)、基(ji)于靈(ling)活性(xing)資源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)互(hu)聯網(wang)示(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)2個(ge)、基(ji)于綠色能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)靈(ling)活交易的(de)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)互(hu)聯網(wang)示(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)3個(ge)、基(ji)于行業融合的(de)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)互(hu)聯網(wang)示(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)4個(ge)、能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)大(da)數據與第三(san)方服務示(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)8個(ge)、智能(neng)化能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)基(ji)礎(chu)設施(shi)示(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)3個(ge)。

批復多能(neng)互補(bu)終端一體化集成供能(neng)系統17個；新(xin)能(neng)源微電網示范(fan)項目28個，這些(xie)示范(fan)項目成為各利益(yi)主體爭相搶(qiang)占(zhan)的(de)技術和市場領域。

儲能

截至(zhi)2018年底，我(wo)國已投運的電(dian)(dian)化學(xue)儲(chu)(chu)能的累(lei)(lei)計裝機規(gui)(gui)模(mo)為101萬千(qian)(qian)瓦，同比增長159%。從我(wo)國己投運的電(dian)(dian)化學(xue)儲(chu)(chu)能項(xiang)目(mu)的技術分布上(shang)看(kan)，主要以鋰(li)離子、鉛蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)為主。其中鋰(li)離子電(dian)(dian)池(chi)累(lei)(lei)計裝機68.7萬千(qian)(qian)瓦，占(zhan)68%；鉛蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)位列第二，累(lei)(lei)計裝機規(gui)(gui)模(mo)29.3萬千(qian)(qian)瓦，占(zhan)29%。2018年，電(dian)(dian)網(wang)側儲(chu)(chu)能成為中國儲(chu)(chu)能市場最(zui)大的亮(liang)點，全年新投運電(dian)(dian)網(wang)側儲(chu)(chu)能規(gui)(gui)模(mo)20.68萬千(qian)(qian)瓦，占(zhan)全國新投運項(xiang)目(mu)總(zong)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)的36%，首次超過用(yong)戶側，躍居第一(yi)位。

河南、江蘇、湖南、甘肅(su)等地(di)陸(lu)續開展了百兆(zhao)(zhao)瓦級別的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)側(ce)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)建設。2018年6月(yue)，總規模為101兆(zhao)(zhao)瓦/101兆(zhao)(zhao)瓦時(shi)的(de)河南分(fen)布(bu)式電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)示(shi)范(fan)(fan)(fan)工(gong)程(cheng)首(shou)批(pi)示(shi)范(fan)(fan)(fan)工(gong)程(cheng)投運(yun)，該(gai)(gai)示(shi)范(fan)(fan)(fan)工(gong)程(cheng)采用“分(fen)布(bu)式布(bu)置、模塊(kuai)化(hua)設計(ji)、標準化(hua)接(jie)入、集中式調(diao)(diao)控(kong)”技術方案分(fen)布(bu)在(zai)9個(ge)(ge)地(di)區的(de)16座變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)；2018年7月(yue)，我國(guo)目(mu)(mu)前(qian)容量最(zui)大(da)(da)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)側(ce)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)——江蘇鎮江電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)側(ce)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)并網(wang)運(yun)行(xing)，該(gai)(gai)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)分(fen)等8個(ge)(ge)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)，采用“分(fen)散(san)布(bu)置，統一調(diao)(diao)度”技術方案，總容量為101兆(zhao)(zhao)瓦/202兆(zhao)(zhao)瓦時(shi)；2018年底，湖南省(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)側(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)示(shi)范(fan)(fan)(fan)工(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)一期工(gong)程(cheng)建設規模60兆(zhao)(zhao)瓦／120兆(zhao)(zhao)瓦時(shi)順利并網(wang)，該(gai)(gai)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)總規模為120兆(zhao)(zhao)瓦/240兆(zhao)(zhao)瓦時(shi)；2018年底，甘肅(su)省(sheng)首(shou)個(ge)(ge)國(guo)家網(wang)域大(da)(da)規模電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)試驗示(shi)范(fan)(fan)(fan)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)獲批(pi)，一期建設規模180兆(zhao)(zhao)瓦/720兆(zhao)(zhao)瓦時(shi)，有望(wang)2019年投運(yun)。

三、政策環境與發展趨勢展望

已發布的政策和相關支持文件

2015年(nian)以來，國家(jia)陸續出(chu)臺(tai)的(de)《關(guan)于(yu)(yu)推(tui)進新能源(yuan)(yuan)微電(dian)網(wang)(wang)示(shi)范項(xiang)目建(jian)設的(de)指(zhi)導意(yi)(yi)見(jian)》、《關(guan)于(yu)(yu)推(tui)進“互聯網(wang)(wang)+”智慧能源(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)指(zhi)導意(yi)(yi)見(jian)》、《關(guan)于(yu)(yu)推(tui)進多能互補集成(cheng)優化(hua)示(shi)范工程建(jian)設的(de)實(shi)施意(yi)(yi)見(jian)》、《推(tui)進并網(wang)(wang)型微電(dian)網(wang)(wang)建(jian)設試行(xing)辦法》、《關(guan)于(yu)(yu)開展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)分布式發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)市場化(hua)交易試點(dian)的(de)通知》、《分布式發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)管理(li)辦法（征求意(yi)(yi)見(jian)稿）》等文件(jian)。為(wei)順應電(dian)力新業態的(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，國家(jia)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)公(gong)司(si)2017年(nian)進入綜合(he)(he)能源(yuan)(yuan)服(fu)務領(ling)域，成(cheng)立了26家(jia)省級綜合(he)(he)能源(yuan)(yuan)服(fu)務公(gong)司(si)，2019年(nian)初印(yin)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)了《國家(jia)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)有限公(gong)司(si)關(guan)于(yu)(yu)推(tui)進綜合(he)(he)能源(yuan)(yuan)服(fu)務業務發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)2019-2020年(nian)行(xing)動計劃(hua)》；南方電(dian)網(wang)(wang)也(ye)于(yu)(yu)2019年(nian)初印(yin)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)《關(guan)于(yu)(yu)明確公(gong)司(si)綜合(he)(he)能源(yuan)(yuan)服(fu)務發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)有關(guan)事項(xiang)的(de)通知》。

2017年(nian)，國家(jia)發(fa)(fa)改(gai)委、國家(jia)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)局等五部委發(fa)(fa)布(bu)的(de)(de)(de)《關于(yu)促(cu)進(jin)(jin)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)技術與產業(ye)發(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)意見(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)》（發(fa)(fa)改(gai)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)〔2017〕1701號）。2019年(nian)年(nian)初(chu)，兩大電(dian)網(wang)公(gong)(gong)司(si)相繼(ji)出臺促(cu)進(jin)(jin)電(dian)化(hua)(hua)學儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)發(fa)(fa)展指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)意見(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，推進(jin)(jin)電(dian)化(hua)(hua)學儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展。南方電(dian)網(wang)公(gong)(gong)司(si)率(lv)先發(fa)(fa)布(bu)《關于(yu)促(cu)進(jin)(jin)電(dian)化(hua)(hua)學儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)發(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)意見(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)》征求意見(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)稿，緊接(jie)著(zhu)，國家(jia)電(dian)網(wang)公(gong)(gong)司(si)辦公(gong)(gong)廳印(yin)發(fa)(fa)《國家(jia)電(dian)網(wang)公(gong)(gong)司(si)關于(yu)促(cu)進(jin)(jin)電(dian)化(hua)(hua)學儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)健康發(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)意見(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)（試行）》。

政策要義分析及發展趨勢

能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)力(li)新(xin)業態、新(xin)模式的(de)(de)發展勢不可擋，已成(cheng)(cheng)為國家推動能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)消費革(ge)命、供給革(ge)命和(he)技(ji)術革(ge)命的(de)(de)重要(yao)抓手。能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)力(li)新(xin)業態、新(xin)模式是全球新(xin)一輪科技(ji)革(ge)命和(he)產(chan)業變革(ge)中，互(hu)聯網理念(nian)、先進(jin)信息技(ji)術與能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)力(li)產(chan)業深度融(rong)合(he)的(de)(de)產(chan)物，是構建(jian)綠色低碳、安全高效的(de)(de)現代能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)體(ti)系的(de)(de)必然要(yao)求，對于提高清(qing)潔能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)比重，提升能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)綜合(he)效率(lv)，推動能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)市場開放和(he)產(chan)業升級，形成(cheng)(cheng)新(xin)的(de)(de)經濟(ji)增長點具有(you)重要(yao)意義。

從兩大(da)電(dian)(dian)網公司向綜(zong)合能(neng)源服務商(shang)轉型和跨界(jie)之后，又不(bu)約(yue)而同發文(wen)促(cu)進儲(chu)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)，從國家電(dian)(dian)網公司提(ti)出“三型兩網”、加快建(jian)設世(shi)界(jie)一流能(neng)源互聯網企(qi)業的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)戰略來(lai)看，新(xin)業態、新(xin)模(mo)式的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)勢(shi)不(bu)可擋，目前(qian)先進物聯網技術在電(dian)(dian)力(li)系統中的(de)(de)(de)應用才剛剛起(qi)步，未來(lai)電(dian)(dian)力(li)新(xin)業態/新(xin)模(mo)式還將(jiang)不(bu)斷(duan)涌現。

告別補貼思(si)維，結合(he)能(neng)源電(dian)力體(ti)制(zhi)改(gai)革，通(tong)過(guo)構建有效競(jing)爭的(de)市(shi)場(chang)結構和(he)市(shi)場(chang)體(ti)系，促進新(xin)業態在市(shi)場(chang)中實現價值。從國家已出臺的(de)相(xiang)關支持(chi)文(wen)件來看，都不再(zai)提專項財政補貼，主要鼓勵結合(he)能(neng)源電(dian)力體(ti)制(zhi)機(ji)制(zhi)改(gai)革，激發(fa)市(shi)場(chang)活力，鼓勵新(xin)業態通(tong)過(guo)市(shi)場(chang)的(de)方式(shi)實現盈利和(he)良(liang)性(xing)發(fa)展。

對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)綜合(he)(he)能(neng)(neng)源系統(tong)，鼓勵組建綜合(he)(he)能(neng)(neng)源服務(wu)公(gong)司從事(shi)市(shi)場(chang)化(hua)供能(neng)(neng)、售(shou)電(dian)(dian)等業務(wu)，積極推(tui)行合(he)(he)同能(neng)(neng)源管(guan)理、綜合(he)(he)節能(neng)(neng)服務(wu)等市(shi)場(chang)化(hua)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)；對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)儲能(neng)(neng)，鼓勵建立與電(dian)(dian)力市(shi)場(chang)化(hua)運營服務(wu)相配套(tao)的儲能(neng)(neng)服務(wu)補償機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)；建立儲能(neng)(neng)等靈活性資源市(shi)場(chang)化(hua)交易(yi)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)和價(jia)格形成機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)，鼓勵儲能(neng)(neng)直接參與市(shi)場(chang)交易(yi)，通(tong)過市(shi)場(chang)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)實現盈(ying)利(li)；對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)分布式(shi)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)，鼓勵開展分布式(shi)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)市(shi)場(chang)化(hua)交易(yi)試(shi)點(dian)，也是嘗(chang)試(shi)推(tui)動(dong)由過去對(dui)(dui)(dui)風電(dian)(dian)、光伏(fu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)的度電(dian)(dian)補貼向(xiang)市(shi)場(chang)化(hua)交易(yi)轉變。

新(xin)(xin)業態(tai)必將(jiang)帶(dai)(dai)來(lai)能(neng)源電(dian)(dian)力(li)管理(li)體(ti)制機(ji)制的變革。電(dian)(dian)力(li)新(xin)(xin)業態(tai)的出現，將(jiang)帶(dai)(dai)來(lai)電(dian)(dian)網形(xing)態(tai)功能(neng)的改(gai)(gai)變。如，分布(bu)(bu)式發(fa)電(dian)(dian)與電(dian)(dian)改(gai)(gai)融合(he)，將(jiang)催生大(da)量局部發(fa)售(shou)一(yi)(yi)體(ti)化(hua)(hua)或發(fa)配(pei)售(shou)一(yi)(yi)體(ti)化(hua)(hua)模式，帶(dai)(dai)來(lai)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)網規(gui)劃管理(li)體(ti)制機(ji)制的改(gai)(gai)變；分布(bu)(bu)式發(fa)電(dian)(dian)市(shi)場化(hua)(hua)交易，將(jiang)帶(dai)(dai)來(lai)電(dian)(dian)力(li)營(ying)銷管理(li)、交易管理(li)的變革，對(dui)于綜(zong)合(he)能(neng)源系統(tong)，需要結合(he)電(dian)(dian)力(li)、油氣(qi)體(ti)制改(gai)(gai)革工作，創新(xin)(xin)終端一(yi)(yi)體(ti)化(hua)(hua)集成供能(neng)系統(tong)管理(li)和(he)運行模式，推進(jin)售(shou)電(dian)(dian)業務放(fang)開改(gai)(gai)革和(he)油氣(qi)管網放(fang)開改(gai)(gai)革。

又(you)如，大(da)量(liang)儲能系統(tong)接入電(dian)(dian)網(wang)，帶來電(dian)(dian)網(wang)規劃管(guan)理和電(dian)(dian)力(li)統(tong)計管(guan)理的變(bian)(bian)革。需要適應電(dian)(dian)力(li)系統(tong)的發展(zhan)，適時推進能源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)力(li)管(guan)理體制(zhi)機制(zhi)的變(bian)(bian)革。

新(xin)(xin)(xin)業(ye)(ye)態(tai)必將推(tui)動能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源電力商(shang)業(ye)(ye)模(mo)式(shi)的創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)。新(xin)(xin)(xin)商(shang)業(ye)(ye)模(mo)式(shi)的出現(xian)是推(tui)動新(xin)(xin)(xin)業(ye)(ye)態(tai)發(fa)展(zhan)重要(yao)引(yin)擎(qing)，新(xin)(xin)(xin)業(ye)(ye)態(tai)實現(xian)突(tu)破發(fa)展(zhan)的關鍵(jian)在于(yu)商(shang)業(ye)(ye)模(mo)式(shi)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)，以服務(wu)創(chuang)造價值。對于(yu)分(fen)布式(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源以及綜合能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源系統(tong)，需要(yao)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)商(shang)業(ye)(ye)模(mo)式(shi)，鼓勵采取電網、燃氣、熱(re)力公司(si)控股或參股等方(fang)式(shi)組建綜合能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源服務(wu)公司(si)從事市場(chang)化(hua)供能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、售電等業(ye)(ye)務(wu)，積極(ji)推(tui)行合同(tong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源管理、綜合節能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)服務(wu)等市場(chang)化(hua)機制；加快構建基于(yu)互聯(lian)網的智(zhi)慧用能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)信息(xi)化(hua)服務(wu)平(ping)臺，為用戶提供開放共享、靈活智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的綜合能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源供應(ying)及增(zeng)值服務(wu)。

對于(yu)(yu)儲能，需要營造開放包容的(de)創新(xin)環境，鼓勵(li)各種形式的(de)商(shang)業模(mo)(mo)式創新(xin)，探(tan)索(suo)一(yi)批可推廣(guang)的(de)商(shang)業模(mo)(mo)式，形成基(ji)于(yu)(yu)電(dian)力(li)與能源(yuan)市場的(de)多種儲能商(shang)業模(mo)(mo)式。