根據社會能(neng)量需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)構成的數據統(tong)計(ji),300℃以下熱能(neng)需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)占總熱能(neng)需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)的53%,占總能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)耗37%。中溫光熱熱利用技術可提(ti)供80℃~400℃熱源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),可實現水、電、汽、熱、冷多(duo)種(zhong)應(ying)用方(fang)式(shi)。可廣(guang)泛應(ying)用于能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、建筑、建材(cai)、食品加工、海水淡化(hua)、化(hua)學、造紙、木(mu)材(cai)加工、合成橡膠、紡織(zhi)和煙草、制(zhi)冷等(deng)諸多(duo)領域。
按“中(zhong)國(guo)可再生能(neng)源發(fa)展(zhan)戰略研究”項目組測算的光熱熱利(li)用(yong)在我國(guo)可再生能(neng)源占比13.7%。到2020年一次(ci)能(neng)源消費(fei)總量(liang)控制(zhi)在48億(yi)噸標(biao)(biao)準煤左右,其中(zhong)光熱替代量(liang)要達到0.9864億(yi)噸標(biao)(biao)煤。
“十(shi)(shi)三五”光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)熱(re)(re)利(li)(li)用(yong)產業發展規劃明(ming)確,到(dao)“十(shi)(shi)三五”末期(qi),光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)集熱(re)(re)器的(de)保有量(liang)要增長到(dao)8億平方米。光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)熱(re)(re)利(li)(li)用(yong)市場(chang)規模將(jiang)達(da)到(dao)萬億級(ji),而在(zai)低溫(wen)光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)技術(shu)和市場(chang)已處(chu)于成熟且(qie)發展乏力條(tiao)件下(xia),中(zhong)溫(wen)光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)熱(re)(re)利(li)(li)用(yong)技術(shu)和市場(chang)將(jiang)是未來(lai)光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)熱(re)(re)利(li)(li)用(yong)的(de)主(zhu)流發展方向。
目前,中高溫(wen)光(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)集熱(re)(re)(re)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)在(zai)應用于分布式采暖(nuan)供熱(re)(re)(re)時(shi),存在(zai)與常規(gui)能源(yuan)供熱(re)(re)(re)匹配與自(zi)動控制(zhi)匹配問題,非采暖(nuan)季節光(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)集熱(re)(re)(re)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)熱(re)(re)(re)能過剩,對系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)造成傷害,同時(shi)致使(shi)中溫(wen)光(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)熱(re)(re)(re)利(li)用系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)綜合(he)運(yun)行效率低下。嚴重影響中溫(wen)光(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)熱(re)(re)(re)利(li)用系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)經濟(ji)效益和投資(zi)回收期,規(gui)模化推廣難度大。
300kW中(zhong)高溫(wen)“光(guang)(guang)熱+”多能互補跨季(ji)(ji)節(jie)蓄熱熱電(dian)冷聯供應用示范項(xiang)目(mu)解決了中(zhong)高溫(wen)光(guang)(guang)熱采(cai)暖供熱系統(tong)采(cai)暖集(ji)熱用熱穩定,非(fei)采(cai)暖季(ji)(ji)節(jie)時光(guang)(guang)熱過剩而無法使用的問(wen)題,實(shi)現了中(zhong)溫(wen)光(guang)(guang)熱四季(ji)(ji)集(ji)熱,四季(ji)(ji)用熱的全季(ji)(ji)節(jie),全年度滿負荷(he)高效運行,有(you)效提高系統(tong)的綜合經濟效益,加速市場化發展。
因此,上述項目具有顯著(zhu)行業技術(shu)引領(ling)意義、節能減排效(xiao)益、經濟效(xiao)益和社會效(xiao)益。
1、項目背景基礎概述
河(he)北(bei)(bei)道榮(rong)新能源科技(ji)(ji)有限(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司依(yi)托北(bei)(bei)京奧(ao)普科星技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)有限(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司,參與(yu)了(le)(le)內蒙古旭(xu)宸能源有限(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司50萬平米的槽(cao)(cao)式中(zhong)(zhong)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)光(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)復合電極(ji)鍋爐供熱(re)(re)(re)采暖項目,實施了(le)(le)玉門3000㎡ CPC中(zhong)(zhong)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)光(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)采暖供熱(re)(re)(re)項目,實施了(le)(le)河(he)北(bei)(bei)道榮(rong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司1000㎡槽(cao)(cao)式中(zhong)(zhong)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)光(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)集(ji)(ji)(ji)熱(re)(re)(re)系(xi)統示范性集(ji)(ji)(ji)熱(re)(re)(re)供熱(re)(re)(re)項目。并(bing)先后實施北(bei)(bei)京天瑞(rui)星光(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)有限(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司槽(cao)(cao)式光(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)發(fa)電光(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)集(ji)(ji)(ji)熱(re)(re)(re)管(guan)(guan)生(sheng)產線、內蒙古旭(xu)宸能源有限(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)發(fa)電光(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)集(ji)(ji)(ji)熱(re)(re)(re)管(guan)(guan)和(he)中(zhong)(zhong)高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)太陽(yang)集(ji)(ji)(ji)熱(re)(re)(re)管(guan)(guan)生(sheng)產線、陜西(xi)寶光(guang)真空電器股份有限(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司中(zhong)(zhong)高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)太陽(yang)集(ji)(ji)(ji)熱(re)(re)(re)管(guan)(guan)生(sheng)產線建(jian)設。
通過(guo)上述項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)的實施(shi),本項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)在(zai)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)團隊(dui)、技(ji)(ji)術(shu)裝備、系統設計、實施(shi)、應用及(ji)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)管(guan)理等多個(ge)層面具有豐富的經驗(yan)和(he)實力(li)。為本項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)的開展打下堅實、穩定、高效(xiao)的技(ji)(ji)術(shu)基礎。
項(xiang)目的實(shi)現將引(yin)領(ling)中(zhong)國光熱(re)中(zhong)高溫光熱(re)分布式采暖(nuan)供(gong)熱(re)及熱(re)電冷聯供(gong)技術發展方向。具(ju)有(you)顯著的技術引(yin)領(ling)效應(ying)(ying)和(he)示范(fan)效應(ying)(ying)。
2、項目概述
項目(mu)建設主要技術包括(kuo)先進的槽式中溫光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)集熱(re)(re)(re)(re)系(xi)統(tong)(tong);與光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)中溫系(xi)統(tong)(tong)結合的常規熱(re)(re)(re)(re)源系(xi)統(tong)(tong)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)泵及其匹(pi)配(pei)(pei)控制(zhi)技術;PV發電(dian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)和吸收(shou)式制(zhi)冷(leng)機組(zu)與光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)+供熱(re)(re)(re)(re)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的控制(zhi)與匹(pi)配(pei)(pei)輸出技術;跨季(ji)節(jie)(jie)蓄熱(re)(re)(re)(re)與光(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)+供熱(re)(re)(re)(re)系(xi)統(tong)(tong);跨季(ji)節(jie)(jie)蓄熱(re)(re)(re)(re)與制(zhi)冷(leng)匹(pi)配(pei)(pei)輸出技術等。
槽式集熱器概況:集熱器類型(xing):RC1;焦距(ju):0.85m;開口寬度:2.55m;單(dan)組合長度:32m;驅(qu)動方(fang)式:太陽光(guang)自(zi)動跟蹤、授時(shi)跟蹤;工作(zuo)環境溫度:-30℃~50℃;最(zui)大風速(su):運行7級、保護12級;室外工作(zuo)壽命:不低于25年;輸(shu)出(chu)介(jie)質(zhi)溫度:80℃~240℃。
項目建設600㎡中(zhong)溫(wen)光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)集(ji)熱(re)(re)系統,可實(shi)(shi)(shi)現裝機300kW的光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)制(zhi)熱(re)(re)能力(li),標準(zhun)17MJ/㎡條件下(xia)年平均日有用(yong)得熱(re)(re)量為1500kWh熱(re)(re)能。儲能輔助(zhu)系統配置(zhi)300kW輔助(zhu)能源熱(re)(re)泵(beng)系統,實(shi)(shi)(shi)現光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)+熱(re)(re)泵(beng)輔助(zhu)能源600kW的80℃以(yi)上綜(zong)合供熱(re)(re)需求。項目開發(fa)(fa)配置(zhi)制(zhi)冷功率750kW制(zhi)冷功率的雙效吸收式制(zhi)冷機組,配合中(zhong)溫(wen)光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)集(ji)熱(re)(re)系統及雙效熱(re)(re)泵(beng)系統實(shi)(shi)(shi)現750kW的制(zhi)冷應用(yong)。開發(fa)(fa)配置(zhi)100kWPV發(fa)(fa)電機組,實(shi)(shi)(shi)現中(zhong)溫(wen)光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)、發(fa)(fa)電、制(zhi)冷三(san)聯(lian)供應用(yong)。
通(tong)過上述系(xi)(xi)統(tong)建設,建立(li)標準(zhun)化中(zhong)高(gao)溫(wen)光熱(re)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)安裝、調(diao)(diao)試(shi)、運(yun)(yun)營(ying)等管(guan)理規范;建立(li)中(zhong)高(gao)溫(wen)光熱(re)復(fu)合熱(re)泵采(cai)暖/制冷調(diao)(diao)試(shi)、運(yun)(yun)營(ying)等管(guan)理規范;建立(li)中(zhong)高(gao)溫(wen)光熱(re)復(fu)合PV發電系(xi)(xi)統(tong)設計(ji)、調(diao)(diao)試(shi)、運(yun)(yun)營(ying)等管(guan)理規范,填補國內中(zhong)高(gao)溫(wen)光熱(re)在上述方面的空白。
3、項目原理概述
運行方式:
春(chun)季與秋季槽(cao)式光熱(re)系統采集熱(re)量,加(jia)熱(re)熱(re)水,儲存在(zai)水箱中(zhong)(zhong),在(zai)保證生活熱(re)水的前提下,將多(duo)余熱(re)量通過地埋循環管儲存在(zai)地下土壤中(zhong)(zhong)。
夏季(ji)在完(wan)成上述春秋(qiu)季(ji)節運行(xing)的(de)同時(shi),建筑(zhu)物制冷產(chan)生的(de)熱(re)量也通過(guo)地埋循(xun)環(huan)管(guan)被換(huan)入地下土(tu)壤中(zhong)(zhong)蓄(xu)存。其中(zhong)(zhong)槽式(shi)光(guang)熱(re)系(xi)統產(chan)生的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)溫(wen)熱(re)源,供給吸收式(shi)制冷機組產(chan)生制冷效果(guo),對建筑(zhu)物內(nei)部制冷,中(zhong)(zhong)溫(wen)熱(re)源溫(wen)度降低變為低溫(wen)熱(re),也通過(guo)地埋循(xun)環(huan)管(guan)被換(huan)入地下土(tu)壤中(zhong)(zhong)蓄(xu)存。
冬季(ji)槽式光熱(re)(re)系統收集(ji)部分熱(re)(re)量(liang)(liang)(liang)供(gong)采(cai)暖,而更多的熱(re)(re)量(liang)(liang)(liang)則(ze)是通(tong)過(guo)地(di)埋循環管內的換熱(re)(re)介(jie)質將其它季(ji)節儲存在地(di)下土壤中的熱(re)(re)量(liang)(liang)(liang)換出(chu),供(gong)建筑采(cai)暖,冬季(ji)結(jie)束時(shi),地(di)下土壤溫度(du)降(jiang)到最低,以(yi)備第二年繼續儲存熱(re)(re)能。
在(zai)熱量滿足預期(qi)、大風天(tian)氣等不需要或者(zhe)無法聚集熱能的時候,槽式(shi)系統翻轉,將背(bei)面的PV太(tai)陽(yang)能光(guang)電朝向太(tai)陽(yang)。實現系統發(fa)電功能。
4、項目帶動意義
可實現(xian)中(zhong)溫(wen)光(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)利用(yong)系(xi)統(tong)冷熱(re)(re)(re)(re)聯供。項目示范后,可帶動(dong)公司(si)實現(xian)中(zhong)高(gao)溫(wen)光(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)100萬(wan)㎡的(de)(de)中(zhong)高(gao)溫(wen)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)利用(yong)市場推廣,產生(sheng)20億(yi)元的(de)(de)中(zhong)高(gao)溫(wen)光(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)利用(yong)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)銷售額,帶動(dong)公司(si)直接(jie)銷售5億(yi)元的(de)(de)中(zhong)高(gao)溫(wen)光(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)集(ji)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)管,直接(jie)帶動(dong)就業(ye)200余人。
項(xiang)目帶(dai)動100萬㎡/年(nian)的(de)中(zhong)溫(wen)光(guang)熱集熱系(xi)統(tong)的(de)建設(she)。標準光(guang)熱輻照條件(jian)下,中(zhong)溫(wen)光(guang)熱集熱系(xi)統(tong)單位面積年(nian)節(jie)能量可(ke)達到(dao)600kWh/㎡,每年(nian)總節(jie)能量可(ke)達到(dao)6億kWh。年(nian)減排量CO2約6萬噸(dun)(dun)、NO2約1000噸(dun)(dun)、SO2約1700噸(dun)(dun)、煙塵月1.62萬噸(dun)(dun)、節(jie)省標煤8.5萬噸(dun)(dun)。
因此,項目具(ju)有顯著(zhu)的經濟效益、社會(hui)效益和(he)節能減排意(yi)義。
圖:PV發電圖
圖:光場近圖
圖:系統鳥瞰圖
圖(tu):車(che)間采(cai)暖制(zhi)冷末端(duan)