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為全(quan)面(mian)、客觀反映電力行(xing)(xing)業(ye)2018年(nian)度發(fa)展與改革情況，服務電力行(xing)(xing)業(ye)企業(ye)科學發(fa)展，6月(yue)14日(ri)，中(zhong)國(guo)電力企業(ye)聯合會（以下簡稱“中(zhong)電聯”）在北京召(zhao)開新聞發(fa)布(bu)會，發(fa)布(bu)《中(zhong)國(guo)電力行(xing)(xing)業(ye)年(nian)度發(fa)展報(bao)告(gao)2019》（簡稱“《行(xing)(xing)業(ye)發(fa)展報(bao)告(gao)2019》”）。

《中(zhong)國電(dian)(dian)力(li)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)年度(du)(du)發展(zhan)(zhan)報告》首發于2006年，由中(zhong)電(dian)(dian)聯充分(fen)利用(yong)電(dian)(dian)力(li)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)統計(ji)與(yu)調查(cha)職能優(you)勢(shi)，并以企業(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)相關(guan)機構提供的資料為補充，按年度(du)(du)組織(zhi)編制，是電(dian)(dian)力(li)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)首份年度(du)(du)發展(zhan)(zhan)報告，也(ye)是首部綜合反(fan)映行業(ye)(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)(zhan)和(he)改(gai)革總體情(qing)況的正式出版(ban)物(wu)，至今(jin)已連續出版(ban)14年，形(xing)成了(le)(le)自身獨有的風格和(he)鮮(xian)明的特色(se)，受到各(ge)級政府、電(dian)(dian)力(li)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)社會各(ge)界(jie)的廣泛關(guan)注(zhu)，具(ju)有較大的影響力(li)和(he)較高的參考(kao)價值，成為中(zhong)電(dian)(dian)聯服(fu)務會員單位和(he)社會各(ge)界(jie)的重(zhong)要載體，成為電(dian)(dian)力(li)從(cong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)人員和(he)所有關(guan)心電(dian)(dian)力(li)事業(ye)(ye)(ye)的讀者了(le)(le)解中(zhong)國電(dian)(dian)力(li)發展(zhan)(zhan)情(qing)況的重(zhong)要參考(kao)資料。

《行(xing)業發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)報告(gao)2019》共12章，通過(guo)深入分析(xi)和圖文并(bing)貌的(de)展(zhan)(zhan)現形式，全(quan)面(mian)反映2018年(nian)電(dian)力(li)行(xing)業發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)、改革與(yu)(yu)(yu)市(shi)場建設(she)、投資與(yu)(yu)(yu)建設(she)、生(sheng)產與(yu)(yu)(yu)供應、消(xiao)費與(yu)(yu)(yu)供需、安(an)全(quan)與(yu)(yu)(yu)可靠(kao)性、綠(lv)色(se)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)、科技與(yu)(yu)(yu)信息(xi)(xi)化、電(dian)力(li)標準化、企業發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)與(yu)(yu)(yu)經營、國際交流合作領域的(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)趨勢與(yu)(yu)(yu)特點，突出(chu)(chu)行(xing)業發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)成(cheng)績，提出(chu)(chu)行(xing)業發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)存(cun)在的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)問(wen)題，并(bing)進行(xing)了適度展(zhan)(zhan)望。《行(xing)業發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)報告(gao)2019》附錄列(lie)出(chu)(chu)了2018年(nian)電(dian)力(li)行(xing)業大(da)事記、電(dian)價、電(dian)力(li)生(sheng)產建設(she)、大(da)型電(dian)力(li)企業發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)經營等(deng)相關(guan)數據信息(xi)(xi)。

《行(xing)業發(fa)展報告2019》指出，2018年，在以(yi)習近平(ping)同志(zhi)為核心的黨中央(yang)(yang)堅(jian)強(qiang)(qiang)領導(dao)下(xia)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)行(xing)業以(yi)習近平(ping)新(xin)時代中國特(te)色(se)社(she)會主義(yi)思想為指導(dao)，堅(jian)決(jue)落實黨中央(yang)(yang)、國務(wu)院決(jue)策部署和“四(si)個革(ge)命、一個合作(zuo)”能源(yuan)安(an)全新(xin)戰略(lve)，按(an)照(zhao)高(gao)(gao)質量發(fa)展的根本要求，加(jia)大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)結構(gou)調整力(li)度，繼續加(jia)快清潔(jie)能源(yuan)發(fa)展，促進(jin)跨區(qu)跨省送(song)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，推(tui)進(jin)清潔(jie)能源(yuan)大范圍優化(hua)配置(zhi)，推(tui)進(jin)終端(duan)能源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)化(hua)利用水平(ping)；深化(hua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)體制改(gai)革(ge),大力(li)推(tui)進(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)市場(chang)建(jian)設，推(tui)動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)科技創新(xin)；進(jin)一步加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)綠(lv)色(se)發(fa)展，積極應對(dui)氣(qi)(qi)候變(bian)化(hua)；不斷擴大“一帶一路”電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)國際合作(zuo)，持續構(gou)建(jian)清潔(jie)低碳、安(an)全高(gao)(gao)效的現(xian)代能源(yuan)體系。2018年，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)行(xing)業發(fa)展呈現(xian)九大特(te)征。

一是電力供應能力持續增強，結構進一步優化。

發電(dian)(dian)(dian)供應能力持續增強。2018年(nian)(nian)(nian)，全國(guo)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)新增生產(chan)(chan)能力（正式投(tou)產(chan)(chan)）12785萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦，比(bi)(bi)(bi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)少(shao)(shao)(shao)投(tou)產(chan)(chan)234萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦。其中(zhong)，水電(dian)(dian)(dian)859萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦（其中(zhong)，抽水蓄能新增130萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦），為2003年(nian)(nian)(nian)以來水電(dian)(dian)(dian)新投(tou)產(chan)(chan)最少(shao)(shao)(shao)的一年(nian)(nian)(nian)；火電(dian)(dian)(dian)4380萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦（其中(zhong)，煤(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)3056萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦，氣電(dian)(dian)(dian)884萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦），比(bi)(bi)(bi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)減(jian)少(shao)(shao)(shao)73萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦（其中(zhong)，煤(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)比(bi)(bi)(bi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)減(jian)少(shao)(shao)(shao)448萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦，氣電(dian)(dian)(dian)比(bi)(bi)(bi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)增加313萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦），已連續四年(nian)(nian)(nian)減(jian)少(shao)(shao)(shao)；核(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)884萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦，創核(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)投(tou)產(chan)(chan)新高；并(bing)網風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)太陽能發電(dian)(dian)(dian)2127萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦和(he)4525萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦，分別比(bi)(bi)(bi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)多投(tou)產(chan)(chan)407萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦和(he)少(shao)(shao)(shao)投(tou)產(chan)(chan)815萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦，其合計(ji)新增占(zhan)全國(guo)新增裝機容(rong)量的52.0%。截至2018年(nian)(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)底，全國(guo)全口(kou)徑發電(dian)(dian)(dian)裝機容(rong)量190012萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦，比(bi)(bi)(bi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)增長6.5%，增速比(bi)(bi)(bi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)回(hui)落1.2個百分點。

其中(zhong)，水電35259萬千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)（含(han)抽(chou)水蓄能發(fa)(fa)電2999萬千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)，比(bi)(bi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)長(chang)4.5%），比(bi)(bi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)長(chang)2.6%；火電114408萬千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)（含(han)煤電100835萬千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)，比(bi)(bi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)長(chang)2.3%），比(bi)(bi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)長(chang)3.1%；核電4466萬千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)，比(bi)(bi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)長(chang)24.7%；并(bing)網風電18427萬千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)，比(bi)(bi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)長(chang)12.4%；并(bing)網太陽(yang)能發(fa)(fa)電17433萬千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)，比(bi)(bi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)長(chang)33.7%。全(quan)國(guo)人(ren)均裝機(ji)1.36千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)/人(ren)，比(bi)(bi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)加0.08千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)/人(ren)，連(lian)續(xu)多(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)居世(shi)界平均水平。發(fa)(fa)電裝機(ji)結(jie)構(gou)進(jin)一步優化(hua)，全(quan)國(guo)非化(hua)石能源發(fa)(fa)電裝機(ji)容量77551萬千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)，占(zhan)全(quan)國(guo)發(fa)(fa)電總裝機(ji)容量的40.8%，比(bi)(bi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)提(ti)高2.1個百分點；新能源發(fa)(fa)電裝機(ji)合(he)計35860萬千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)，占(zhan)比(bi)(bi)18.9%。單機(ji)100萬千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)級火電機(ji)組達到(dao)113臺(tai)，60萬千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)及以(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)火電機(ji)組容量占(zhan)比(bi)(bi)達到(dao)44.7%。

電(dian)(dian)網規(gui)模有所(suo)增(zeng)(zeng)加。2018年(nian)，全(quan)年(nian)新(xin)增(zeng)(zeng)交流(liu)110千伏(fu)及(ji)以(yi)上(shang)輸電(dian)(dian)線(xian)路(lu)(lu)長度和變電(dian)(dian)設備(bei)容(rong)量56973千米和31024萬千伏(fu)安，分(fen)別比上(shang)年(nian)下降1.9%和4.8%；由于國家大氣污染(ran)防治行動計劃重點輸電(dian)(dian)通道已陸(lu)續投產，新(xin)增(zeng)(zeng)直流(liu)輸電(dian)(dian)線(xian)路(lu)(lu)和換流(liu)容(rong)量分(fen)別為3325千米和3200萬千瓦，比上(shang)年(nian)分(fen)別下降61.3%和59.5%。截至(zhi)2018年(nian)年(nian)底，全(quan)國電(dian)(dian)網35千伏(fu)及(ji)以(yi)上(shang)輸電(dian)(dian)線(xian)路(lu)(lu)回(hui)路(lu)(lu)長度189萬千米，比上(shang)年(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)長3.7%。其中，220千伏(fu)及(ji)以(yi)上(shang)輸電(dian)(dian)線(xian)路(lu)(lu)回(hui)路(lu)(lu)長度73萬千米，比上(shang)年(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)長7.0%。

全(quan)國(guo)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)35千伏(fu)及以上(shang)變電(dian)(dian)設備(bei)(bei)容(rong)量70億(yi)千伏(fu)安(an)，比上(shang)年增長5.4%。其中，220千伏(fu)及以上(shang)變電(dian)(dian)設備(bei)(bei)容(rong)量43億(yi)千伏(fu)安(an)，比上(shang)年增長6.0%。2018年，全(quan)國(guo)共投產2條直流(liu)跨(kua)區(qu)(qu)特高壓(ya)線路(lu)，新增跨(kua)區(qu)(qu)輸(shu)(shu)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)力1500萬(wan)(wan)千瓦。截至2018年年底，全(quan)國(guo)跨(kua)區(qu)(qu)輸(shu)(shu)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)力達(da)到13615萬(wan)(wan)千瓦，其中，交直流(liu)聯網(wang)跨(kua)區(qu)(qu)輸(shu)(shu)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)力12281萬(wan)(wan)千瓦；跨(kua)區(qu)(qu)點(dian)對網(wang)送電(dian)(dian)能(neng)力1334萬(wan)(wan)千瓦。

電(dian)(dian)力(li)投(tou)資(zi)回(hui)落。2018年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，全國主要發電(dian)(dian)企業[1]電(dian)(dian)源工(gong)程建設完成投(tou)資(zi)2787億(yi)(yi)元(yuan)(yuan)，比(bi)上(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)下(xia)降3.9%，下(xia)降幅度同比(bi)上(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)收窄。其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)，水電(dian)(dian)700億(yi)(yi)元(yuan)(yuan)，比(bi)上(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)增長(chang)12.7%（其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)，抽水蓄能162億(yi)(yi)元(yuan)(yuan)，比(bi)上(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)增長(chang)14.0%，是歷年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)來(lai)投(tou)資(zi)額(e)最大(da)）；核(he)電(dian)(dian)447億(yi)(yi)元(yuan)(yuan)，比(bi)上(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)下(xia)降1.6%；風(feng)電(dian)(dian)646億(yi)(yi)元(yuan)(yuan)，比(bi)上(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)下(xia)降5.2%，已連續三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)下(xia)降；太陽能發電(dian)(dian)207億(yi)(yi)元(yuan)(yuan)，比(bi)上(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)下(xia)降27.4%。火(huo)電(dian)(dian)投(tou)資(zi)786億(yi)(yi)元(yuan)(yuan)，比(bi)上(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)下(xia)降8.3%，為2004年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)來(lai)投(tou)資(zi)額(e)最小(xiao)，其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)，燃煤發電(dian)(dian)644億(yi)(yi)元(yuan)(yuan)，比(bi)上(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)下(xia)降8.8%，占(zhan)電(dian)(dian)源投(tou)資(zi)的23.1%，與上(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)基本(ben)持(chi)平，燃氣發電(dian)(dian)投(tou)資(zi)142億(yi)(yi)元(yuan)(yuan)，與上(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)基本(ben)持(chi)平。

全國電(dian)網工程建設完(wan)成(cheng)投(tou)(tou)資5340億元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，與(yu)去年基(ji)本(ben)持平(ping)。其中，直流工程520億元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，比上年下降(jiang)39.4%，占電(dian)網工程總投(tou)(tou)資的9.7%；交流工程4600億元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，比上年增長7.6%。配電(dian)網投(tou)(tou)資額(e)較快增長，全年完(wan)成(cheng)配電(dian)網投(tou)(tou)資3023億元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，比上年增長6.4%。

二是電力生產較快增長，生產運行安全可靠。

非(fei)化石能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)加快增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)。全(quan)國(guo)全(quan)口徑發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)69947億(yi)(yi)(yi)千瓦(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi)，比(bi)(bi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)8.4%，增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)速比(bi)(bi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)提高1.9個(ge)(ge)百分點(dian)。其中，水電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)12321億(yi)(yi)(yi)千瓦(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi)，比(bi)(bi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)3.1%；火電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)49249億(yi)(yi)(yi)千瓦(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi)，比(bi)(bi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)7.3%，其中，煤(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)44829億(yi)(yi)(yi)千瓦(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi)，比(bi)(bi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)7.3%；核(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)2950億(yi)(yi)(yi)千瓦(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi)，比(bi)(bi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)18.9%；并網風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)3658億(yi)(yi)(yi)千瓦(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi)，比(bi)(bi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)20.1%；太陽能(neng)(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)1769億(yi)(yi)(yi)千瓦(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi)，比(bi)(bi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)50.2%。2018年(nian)(nian)(nian)，全(quan)國(guo)非(fei)化石能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)21634億(yi)(yi)(yi)千瓦(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi)，比(bi)(bi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)11.1%，占全(quan)口徑發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)的比(bi)(bi)重為30.9%，比(bi)(bi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)提高0.8個(ge)(ge)百分點(dian)，對(dui)全(quan)國(guo)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)的貢獻(xian)率為40.0%；新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)28.5%，對(dui)全(quan)國(guo)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)的貢獻(xian)率達到22.2%。

全(quan)年發電(dian)(dian)用(yong)煤(mei)價(jia)(jia)格(ge)高位(wei)波(bo)(bo)動(dong)。2018年電(dian)(dian)煤(mei)供應量前緊后(hou)緩、總體平衡，全(quan)年發電(dian)(dian)用(yong)煤(mei)價(jia)(jia)格(ge)在波(bo)(bo)動(dong)中前高后(hou)穩(wen)。根(gen)據(ju)中電(dian)(dian)聯電(dian)(dian)煤(mei)采(cai)購價(jia)(jia)格(ge)指(zhi)數CECI顯示，2018年全(quan)年5500大卡現貨成交價(jia)(jia)格(ge)波(bo)(bo)動(dong)范圍為(wei)560-752元/噸(dun)、綜合(he)價(jia)(jia)波(bo)(bo)動(dong)范圍為(wei)571-635元/噸(dun)，平均綜合(he)價(jia)(jia)均超(chao)過國家(jia)規定的綠色(se)區間上限，國內煤(mei)電(dian)(dian)企業(ye)電(dian)(dian)煤(mei)采(cai)購成本居高不下。

棄(qi)(qi)風(feng)棄(qi)(qi)光(guang)問題繼續得到改(gai)善。2018年,在各級政府(fu)和全(quan)(quan)(quan)行業協同努力(li)下，新能源(yuan)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)消納進一(yi)步改(gai)善。全(quan)(quan)(quan)年全(quan)(quan)(quan)國棄(qi)(qi)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)量277億千(qian)瓦時，平均棄(qi)(qi)風(feng)率7%，比上年下降5個百分(fen)點(dian)(dian)；全(quan)(quan)(quan)國棄(qi)(qi)光(guang)電(dian)(dian)量54.9億千(qian)瓦時，平均棄(qi)(qi)光(guang)率3%，比上年下降2.8個百分(fen)點(dian)(dian)。

并(bing)網風電(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備利用小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)創2013年(nian)來最高(gao)(gao)。受(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)消費較高(gao)(gao)增(zeng)速和部分流(liu)域(yu)來水較少影響，火電(dian)(dian)(dian)、核(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)與(yu)新能源(yuan)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)利用小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)同比(bi)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)較多(duo)。其中(zhong)，火電(dian)(dian)(dian)4378小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，比(bi)上年(nian)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)159小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)（燃煤(mei)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)4495小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，比(bi)上年(nian)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)183小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)；燃氣(qi)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)2767小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，比(bi)上年(nian)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)6小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)）；核(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)7543小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，比(bi)上年(nian)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)454小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)；并(bing)網風電(dian)(dian)(dian)2103小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，比(bi)上年(nian)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)155小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，為2013年(nian)以來最高(gao)(gao)；太陽能發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)1230小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，比(bi)上年(nian)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)25小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)；水電(dian)(dian)(dian)3607小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，比(bi)上年(nian)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)10小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力生產運(yun)行安(an)(an)全可(ke)(ke)靠。2018年(nian)，全國未(wei)發生較大(da)以(yi)上(shang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力人身傷(shang)亡事故，未(wei)發生電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統水電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)大(da)壩(ba)垮壩(ba)、漫壩(ba)以(yi)及(ji)(ji)對社會造(zao)成(cheng)重大(da)影(ying)響的安(an)(an)全事件(jian)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力可(ke)(ke)靠性主要(yao)指標(biao)總體保持在較高(gao)水平(ping)(ping)。其中，4萬(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa)及(ji)(ji)以(yi)上(shang)水電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)以(yi)及(ji)(ji)10萬(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa)及(ji)(ji)以(yi)上(shang)煤電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)、燃氣輪機(ji)(ji)組(zu)、核(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)的等(deng)效可(ke)(ke)用系數分(fen)(fen)別為(wei)92.30%、92.26%、92.47%、91.84%。除核(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)的等(deng)效可(ke)(ke)用系數提高(gao)0.74個(ge)百(bai)(bai)分(fen)(fen)點(dian)(dian)外，其他分(fen)(fen)別比上(shang)年(nian)下(xia)降(jiang)0.25個(ge)、0.5個(ge)和0.13個(ge)百(bai)(bai)分(fen)(fen)點(dian)(dian)。架空線路(lu)、變壓器、斷路(lu)器三類主要(yao)輸變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設施(shi)的可(ke)(ke)用系數分(fen)(fen)別為(wei)99.328%、99.741%、99.908%，均低(di)于上(shang)年(nian)。直流輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統合計(ji)能量(liang)可(ke)(ke)用率、能量(liang)利用率分(fen)(fen)別為(wei)92.15%、44.11%，分(fen)(fen)別比上(shang)年(nian)下(xia)降(jiang)3.20個(ge)和10.31個(ge)百(bai)(bai)分(fen)(fen)點(dian)(dian)；總計(ji)強迫(po)停運(yun)35次(ci)，比上(shang)年(nian)增加2次(ci)。全國10（6、20）千(qian)伏供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統用戶平(ping)(ping)均供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)可(ke)(ke)靠率為(wei)99.820%，比上(shang)年(nian)提高(gao)0.006個(ge)百(bai)(bai)分(fen)(fen)點(dian)(dian)；用戶平(ping)(ping)均停電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間15.75小時(shi)/戶，比上(shang)年(nian)減(jian)少0.52小時(shi)/戶；用戶平(ping)(ping)均停電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)頻率3.28次(ci)/戶，與上(shang)年(nian)持平(ping)(ping)。

三是全社會用電較快增長，電力供需總體平衡。

全(quan)(quan)社會(hui)(hui)用電較(jiao)(jiao)快(kuai)增(zeng)長。在宏觀(guan)經濟運行總體平穩(wen)、服務(wu)業(ye)和(he)高(gao)新技術及裝(zhuang)備制造業(ye)較(jiao)(jiao)快(kuai)發展(zhan)、冬(dong)季寒潮和(he)夏季高(gao)溫、電能替代快(kuai)速(su)推廣、城農網改造升級(ji)釋(shi)放電力需求等因(yin)素綜(zong)合(he)影(ying)響(xiang)下，全(quan)(quan)社會(hui)(hui)用電實(shi)現(xian)較(jiao)(jiao)快(kuai)增(zeng)長。2018年(nian)(nian)，全(quan)(quan)國全(quan)(quan)社會(hui)(hui)用電量(liang)(liang)(liang)69002億千瓦時(shi)，比(bi)上(shang)年(nian)(nian)增(zeng)長8.4%，為2012年(nian)(nian)以來(lai)最高(gao)增(zeng)速(su)，增(zeng)速(su)比(bi)上(shang)年(nian)(nian)提高(gao)1.8個百分(fen)點(dian)。其中，第(di)(di)(di)一、第(di)(di)(di)二、第(di)(di)(di)三(san)產業(ye)和(he)城鄉居民用電量(liang)(liang)(liang)分(fen)別比(bi)上(shang)年(nian)(nian)增(zeng)長9.0%、7.1%、12.9%和(he)10.3%。第(di)(di)(di)二產業(ye)用電量(liang)(liang)(liang)依然是(shi)拉(la)動全(quan)(quan)社會(hui)(hui)用電量(liang)(liang)(liang)增(zeng)長的主力，拉(la)動5.0個百分(fen)點(dian)，比(bi)上(shang)年(nian)(nian)提高(gao)1.1個百分(fen)點(dian)；第(di)(di)(di)三(san)產業(ye)和(he)城鄉居民生活用電量(liang)(liang)(liang)繼續保持快(kuai)速(su)增(zeng)長，對全(quan)(quan)社會(hui)(hui)用電量(liang)(liang)(liang)增(zeng)長的拉(la)動力分(fen)別比(bi)上(shang)年(nian)(nian)提高(gao)0.5和(he)0.4個百分(fen)點(dian)。

電能(neng)替(ti)(ti)代(dai)(dai)快速推廣。2018年(nian)，全(quan)年(nian)累計完成(cheng)替(ti)(ti)代(dai)(dai)電量(liang)(liang)1557.6億(yi)千瓦(wa)時(shi)(shi),比上(shang)年(nian)增(zeng)長21.1%。其中，全(quan)國工（農）業生(sheng)產制造領(ling)域(yu)完成(cheng)替(ti)(ti)代(dai)(dai)電量(liang)(liang)968.0億(yi)千瓦(wa)時(shi)(shi)，約占總替(ti)(ti)代(dai)(dai)電量(liang)(liang)的(de)62.2%；居民(min)取暖、交通運輸、能(neng)源(yuan)生(sheng)產供應與消費等領(ling)域(yu)電能(neng)替(ti)(ti)代(dai)(dai)也在快速推廣，替(ti)(ti)代(dai)(dai)電量(liang)(liang)逐(zhu)年(nian)提(ti)高。

電力終端新(xin)業態(tai)正在培(pei)育。綜合能(neng)源(yuan)、電力系統儲能(neng)與電動汽車充電等電力終端新(xin)業態(tai)在技術和商業化應(ying)用方面得到較快發展。截至2018年年底，國家能(neng)源(yuan)局公布的首批55個“互(hu)聯(lian)網+”智慧能(neng)源(yuan)（能(neng)源(yuan)互(hu)聯(lian)網）示范項目(mu)、23個多能(neng)互(hu)補集成優化示范工程項目(mu)和28個新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)微電網示范項目(mu)，正在試點(dian)實踐。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)需(xu)求側(ce)管(guan)理(li)進(jin)一步深(shen)化。2018年，各(ge)(ge)級政(zheng)府部(bu)門(men)、行業(ye)協會(hui)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)企(qi)業(ye)深(shen)化電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)需(xu)求側(ce)管(guan)理(li)。各(ge)(ge)地通(tong)過積極探索、實施(shi)需(xu)求側(ce)響應，最大削(xue)減高峰電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)1245萬千瓦(wa)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)網企(qi)業(ye)實施(shi)送變電(dian)(dian)(dian)系統節(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)推(tui)動社會(hui)各(ge)(ge)領域企(qi)業(ye)節(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)等措施(shi)，全年合計完成節(jie)約電(dian)(dian)(dian)量163億千瓦(wa)時，節(jie)約電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)431萬千瓦(wa)。

電(dian)力供(gong)需(xu)形(xing)勢(shi)(shi)總(zong)體平衡(heng)。2018年，全國(guo)電(dian)力供(gong)需(xu)形(xing)勢(shi)(shi)從前兩(liang)年的總(zong)體寬(kuan)松轉為總(zong)體平衡(heng)。其中，東北和西北區(qu)(qu)域電(dian)力供(gong)應能力富(fu)余；華(hua)北、華(hua)東、華(hua)中和南方(fang)區(qu)(qu)域電(dian)力供(gong)需(xu)總(zong)體平衡(heng)；部分地區(qu)(qu)受年初大范(fan)圍雨(yu)雪天氣、夏季(ji)持續(xu)高溫天氣、部分時(shi)段燃料供(gong)應偏緊(jin)等因素影(ying)響，局部時(shi)段電(dian)力供(gong)需(xu)平衡(heng)偏緊(jin)。

四是電力綠色發展水平不斷提高，節能減排取得新成績。

資源(yuan)節約水(shui)平(ping)繼續(xu)(xu)提(ti)升。2018年，全國6000千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦及以(yi)上(shang)火電(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)平(ping)均供電(dian)(dian)(dian)標準煤(mei)(mei)耗307.6克(ke)(ke)/千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦時(shi)，比(bi)上(shang)年下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)1.8克(ke)(ke)/千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦時(shi)，煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機組供電(dian)(dian)(dian)煤(mei)(mei)耗繼續(xu)(xu)保持世界先進(jin)；廠(chang)(chang)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)率4.70%，比(bi)上(shang)年下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)0.10個百分(fen)點（其中，水(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)0.26%，比(bi)上(shang)年下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)0.01個百分(fen)點；火電(dian)(dian)(dian)5.81%，比(bi)上(shang)年下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)0.23個百分(fen)點）。全國線損(sun)率6.21%，比(bi)上(shang)年下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)0.27個百分(fen)點。全國火電(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)單(dan)位(wei)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)量耗水(shui)量1.23千(qian)(qian)(qian)克(ke)(ke)/千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦時(shi)，比(bi)上(shang)年下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)0.02千(qian)(qian)(qian)克(ke)(ke)/千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦時(shi)；粉煤(mei)(mei)灰、脫(tuo)硫(liu)石膏綜合利用率分(fen)別為71%、74%，均比(bi)上(shang)年下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)1個百分(fen)點，綜合利用量持續(xu)(xu)提(ti)高。

污染物(wu)排放進一步降低。2018年(nian)，全(quan)國電力煙(yan)塵(chen)、二(er)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)硫、氮(dan)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)物(wu)排放量(liang)分別約為(wei)(wei)21萬(wan)噸、99萬(wan)噸、96萬(wan)噸，分別比上年(nian)下降約為(wei)(wei)19.2%、17.5%、15.8%；每千(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi)火電發電量(liang)煙(yan)塵(chen)、二(er)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)硫、氮(dan)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)物(wu)排放量(liang)約為(wei)(wei)0.04克(ke)(ke)、0.20克(ke)(ke)、0.19克(ke)(ke)，分別比上年(nian)下降0.02克(ke)(ke)、0.06克(ke)(ke)、0.06克(ke)(ke)。火電單位發電量(liang)廢(fei)水排放量(liang)為(wei)(wei)0.06千(qian)克(ke)(ke)/千(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi)，與(yu)上年(nian)持平。截至(zhi)2018年(nian)年(nian)底，達(da)到超(chao)低排放限值的(de)煤電機(ji)組約8.1億(yi)千(qian)瓦(wa)，約占全(quan)國煤電總裝(zhuang)機(ji)容量(liang)80%；東(dong)、中部(bu)地區(qu)基本實現超(chao)低排放改(gai)造，河南、安徽、甘肅等省份提前完成(cheng)超(chao)低排放改(gai)造目標。

碳(tan)(tan)排(pai)(pai)(pai)放強(qiang)度持續降(jiang)低(di)。2018年(nian)，全國單(dan)位火電發電量(liang)二氧化(hua)碳(tan)(tan)排(pai)(pai)(pai)放約為841克/千瓦時，比2005年(nian)下(xia)降(jiang)19.4%；單(dan)位發電量(liang)二氧化(hua)碳(tan)(tan)排(pai)(pai)(pai)放約為592克/千瓦時，比2005年(nian)下(xia)降(jiang)30.1%。以2005年(nian)為基準年(nian)，2006-2018年(nian)，通過發展非化(hua)石能(neng)源、降(jiang)低(di)供(gong)電煤(mei)耗和線(xian)損(sun)率等措施(shi)，電力(li)行(xing)業累計減少二氧化(hua)碳(tan)(tan)排(pai)(pai)(pai)放約136.8億(yi)噸，有(you)效減緩了(le)電力(li)二氧化(hua)碳(tan)(tan)排(pai)(pai)(pai)放總(zong)量(liang)的增(zeng)長。其中，供(gong)電煤(mei)耗降(jiang)低(di)對電力(li)行(xing)業二氧化(hua)碳(tan)(tan)減排(pai)(pai)(pai)貢(gong)獻率為44%，非化(hua)石能(neng)源發展貢(gong)獻率為54%。

五是科技創新取得新進展，電力建設與運行技術水平持續提升。

2018年(nian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)行(xing)業的(de)(de)科(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)創(chuang)新(xin)，有(you)力(li)地推動(dong)了(le)(le)(le)(le)行(xing)業科(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)進(jin)步，踐行(xing)了(le)(le)(le)(le)國(guo)家綠色發展(zhan)戰略，顯(xian)示(shi)了(le)(le)(le)(le)具有(you)自(zi)主(zhu)(zhu)知識產權核(he)心技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)國(guo)際競爭力(li)。水(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)領(ling)(ling)域(yu)，解決了(le)(le)(le)(le)特(te)高(gao)拱壩工程安全(quan)風險(xian)防(fang)控技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)難題(ti)(ti)，創(chuang)造了(le)(le)(le)(le)高(gao)壩通航的(de)(de)水(shui)力(li)式升(sheng)船(chuan)機技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)中國(guo)品牌，掌(zhang)握了(le)(le)(le)(le)世(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)領(ling)(ling)先(xian)的(de)(de)百萬千(qian)瓦巨型水(shui)輪發電(dian)(dian)(dian)機組制(zhi)(zhi)造技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。火(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)領(ling)(ling)域(yu)，完成(cheng)熱電(dian)(dian)(dian)解耦的(de)(de)汽輪機冷(leng)端近零損失供熱關鍵(jian)(jian)(jian)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究及應用(yong)，天然氣分布式能(neng)源系統、IGCC的(de)(de)燃燒(shao)前CO2捕集技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)等(deng)取得(de)了(le)(le)(le)(le)具有(you)自(zi)主(zhu)(zhu)知識產權的(de)(de)核(he)心技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。核(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)領(ling)(ling)域(yu)，掌(zhang)握了(le)(le)(le)(le)第四代(dai)核(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)高(gao)溫氣冷(leng)堆蒸(zheng)汽發生器制(zhi)(zhi)造技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)；新(xin)能(neng)源發電(dian)(dian)(dian)領(ling)(ling)域(yu)，依托上海(hai)東海(hai)大橋海(hai)上風電(dian)(dian)(dian)示(shi)范工程建成(cheng)我國(guo)首座(zuo)大型海(hai)上風電(dian)(dian)(dian)場，在太陽(yang)能(neng)光(guang)熱發電(dian)(dian)(dian)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、新(xin)型高(gao)效太陽(yang)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究方(fang)面(mian)取得(de)重(zhong)要進(jin)展(zhan)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)網領(ling)(ling)域(yu)，攻(gong)克了(le)(le)(le)(le)復雜電(dian)(dian)(dian)網自(zi)動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)控制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)世(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)性難題(ti)(ti)，發明(ming)了(le)(le)(le)(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網大范圍(wei)山(shan)火(huo)災害帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)防(fang)治關鍵(jian)(jian)(jian)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，創(chuang)新(xin)了(le)(le)(le)(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網可控融(rong)冰關鍵(jian)(jian)(jian)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，全(quan)面(mian)攻(gong)克±1000千(qian)伏特(te)高(gao)壓(ya)直流輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)等(deng)關鍵(jian)(jian)(jian)核(he)心技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，成(cheng)功研(yan)(yan)(yan)制(zhi)(zhi)世(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)首套(tao)特(te)高(gao)壓(ya)GIL設備并實現批量生產。

六是標準化工作扎實推進，標準國際化取得新進展。

標(biao)準制修訂步伐進一(yi)步加快。經(jing)批準，全年發布電力相關(guan)標(biao)準共492項。其中(zhong)，國家標(biao)準49項，行業(ye)標(biao)準323項，行業(ye)標(biao)準英文版46項，中(zhong)電聯標(biao)準74項。

電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)充電(dian)(dian)設(she)施(shi)標準國(guo)際(ji)影響力進一(yi)步提升(sheng)。中電(dian)(dian)聯(lian)與日(ri)(ri)本(ben)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)用(yong)(yong)快速充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)協會簽署電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)充電(dian)(dian)設(she)施(shi)領域技術和標準合(he)(he)作諒解備忘錄，啟動(dong)中日(ri)(ri)雙方在(zai)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)充電(dian)(dian)設(she)施(shi)領域的合(he)(he)作；中電(dian)(dian)聯(lian)牽頭編制的《電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)充電(dian)(dian)漫游信(xin)息(xi)交(jiao)互(hu)系列(lie)國(guo)際(ji)標準第一(yi)部分：通用(yong)(yong)要求》（IEC63119-1）首次(ci)上升(sheng)為國(guo)際(ji)標準。

七是電力改革繼續推進，電力市場加快建設。

完(wan)成首(shou)個周期的(de)(de)輸(shu)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)核(he)定。2018年(nian)，在建立起覆蓋省級(ji)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)、區域電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)、跨省跨區輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)工(gong)程、地方電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)、增(zeng)量配(pei)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)全環節(jie)輸(shu)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)格監管制度框架基礎上，華北(bei)(bei)、東北(bei)(bei)、華東、華中、西北(bei)(bei)五大區域電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)首(shou)個周期的(de)(de)兩部制輸(shu)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)和24條跨省跨區專項工(gong)程輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)格陸續核(he)定完(wan)畢，累計核(he)減電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)企(qi)業準許(xu)收入約600億元，促進(jin)了跨省跨區電(dian)(dian)力交易。歷時4年(nian)的(de)(de)首(shou)個周期輸(shu)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)定價(jia)成本監審(shen)完(wan)畢。

超額完(wan)成一般(ban)工商業電(dian)(dian)價(jia)下降(jiang)10%任(ren)務。各方(fang)積(ji)極貫徹中(zhong)央(yang)關于供給側改革的精神，具體(ti)落實全年全國降(jiang)低(di)一般(ban)工商業電(dian)(dian)價(jia)10%的目標。通過中(zhong)央(yang)財政降(jiang)低(di)國家重(zhong)大水(shui)利工程建(jian)設基金征(zheng)收標準、釋放減(jian)稅(shui)紅利，電(dian)(dian)網企業推進(jin)區(qu)域電(dian)(dian)網和跨(kua)區(qu)跨(kua)省專項輸電(dian)(dian)價(jia)改革、靈活實施(shi)兩部制電(dian)(dian)價(jia)，地方(fang)政府多渠(qu)道(dao)自籌(chou)等十項降(jiang)價(jia)清費措施(shi)，分四批合計降(jiang)低(di)用戶用電(dian)(dian)成本1257.91億元，平均降(jiang)低(di)0.0789元/千瓦時，全國平均降(jiang)幅達到10.11%。

不斷完善增量配電業務改革試(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)各(ge)項(xiang)政策。通(tong)過組(zu)織督導調(diao)研，梳理前(qian)三批增量配電試(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)項(xiang)目落地存在的問題，國家發展(zhan)改革委和(he)國家能(neng)源(yuan)局陸續(xu)出臺了電力業務許可、配電區域劃分等方面的政策文件，加快了增量配電試(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)有序落地進程(cheng)，同(tong)時，部署了第(di)四(si)批試(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)項(xiang)目申報工(gong)作。

市(shi)場交易電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)比(bi)重大幅提高(gao)。2018年，全國(guo)(guo)各(ge)地市(shi)場主(zhu)體(ti)參與(yu)市(shi)場的數量(liang)(liang)(liang)進一步(bu)擴大，煤炭、鋼鐵、有(you)色、建材四個行業(ye)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)用(yong)戶用(yong)電(dian)(dian)計劃放開，全國(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)市(shi)場交易電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)規模再上(shang)新臺階。全年合計交易電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)[2]20654億千瓦時，比(bi)上(shang)年增(zeng)長26.5%。市(shi)場交易電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)分(fen)(fen)別占(zhan)全社會(hui)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)網企業(ye)銷售電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)比(bi)重的30.2%和(he)(he)37.1%，比(bi)上(shang)年分(fen)(fen)別提高(gao)4.3個百分(fen)(fen)點和(he)(he)5個百分(fen)(fen)點。

電(dian)(dian)力(li)現(xian)貨(huo)(huo)市場建設試(shi)點(dian)穩妥(tuo)推進。按照國(guo)(guo)家(jia)發(fa)展改(gai)革委、國(guo)(guo)家(jia)能源局加快(kuai)推進電(dian)(dian)力(li)現(xian)貨(huo)(huo)試(shi)點(dian)工作要求，2018年8月(yue)，南方(以(yi)廣(guang)東起步)電(dian)(dian)力(li)現(xian)貨(huo)(huo)市場啟動(dong)試(shi)運(yun)行(xing)，成(cheng)為全(quan)國(guo)(guo)首(shou)個投入試(shi)運(yun)行(xing)的電(dian)(dian)力(li)現(xian)貨(huo)(huo)市場。為推動(dong)電(dian)(dian)力(li)現(xian)貨(huo)(huo)市場建設試(shi)點(dian)盡快(kuai)取得實質性突(tu)破，國(guo)(guo)家(jia)發(fa)展改(gai)革委、能源局建立了對8個試(shi)點(dian)的聯系協調機制，甘肅、山西電(dian)(dian)力(li)現(xian)貨(huo)(huo)市場于(yu)12月(yue)啟動(dong)試(shi)運(yun)行(xing)。

八是電力企業資產總額增速回落，負債率同比降低。

資產(chan)總額(e)(e)(e)增速(su)降低。根(gen)據國(guo)家統計局統計，截至2018年年底，全(quan)國(guo)規模以(yi)上(shang)(shang)電(dian)力企(qi)業資產(chan)總額(e)(e)(e)140408億元，比上(shang)(shang)年增長2.7%，增速(su)比上(shang)(shang)年下(xia)降1.8個(ge)百分(fen)點(dian)。其(qi)中，電(dian)力供應企(qi)業資產(chan)總額(e)(e)(e)比上(shang)(shang)年增長4.2%；發電(dian)企(qi)業資產(chan)總額(e)(e)(e)比上(shang)(shang)年增長1.5%（其(qi)中，火電(dian)企(qi)業資產(chan)總額(e)(e)(e)比上(shang)(shang)年下(xia)降1.8%）。

企(qi)(qi)業(ye)負(fu)(fu)(fu)債率下降(jiang)。規模以上(shang)電(dian)(dian)力企(qi)(qi)業(ye)資(zi)產負(fu)(fu)(fu)債率60.2%，比上(shang)年(nian)下降(jiang)1.1個(ge)百分(fen)點。其中(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)力供應企(qi)(qi)業(ye)資(zi)產負(fu)(fu)(fu)債率比上(shang)年(nian)下降(jiang)1.6個(ge)百分(fen)點，發(fa)電(dian)(dian)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)資(zi)產負(fu)(fu)(fu)債率比上(shang)年(nian)下降(jiang)0.6個(ge)百分(fen)點。發(fa)電(dian)(dian)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)資(zi)產負(fu)(fu)(fu)債率降(jiang)低主要是(shi)太陽能發(fa)電(dian)(dian)、風電(dian)(dian)、水電(dian)(dian)、核電(dian)(dian)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)資(zi)產負(fu)(fu)(fu)債率分(fen)別下降(jiang)1.5、1.4、1.3和0.9個(ge)百分(fen)點，火電(dian)(dian)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)資(zi)產負(fu)(fu)(fu)債率與上(shang)年(nian)持平。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)供應(ying)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)利(li)潤(run)(run)下(xia)降。規模以上(shang)(shang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)利(li)潤(run)(run)總額(e)3231億元(yuan)(yuan)，比(bi)上(shang)(shang)年增(zeng)長(chang)3.1%。其中，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)供應(ying)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)貫徹落實2018年政(zheng)府工(gong)作報告中提(ti)出(chu)的一(yi)般工(gong)商業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價平均降低(di)10%要求，向用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)讓利(li)后，利(li)潤(run)(run)比(bi)上(shang)(shang)年下(xia)降24.3%。在上(shang)(shang)年基(ji)數低(di)以及(ji)(ji)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量較快增(zeng)長(chang)的拉(la)動下(xia)，發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)實現(xian)利(li)潤(run)(run)總額(e)2210億元(yuan)(yuan)，比(bi)上(shang)(shang)年增(zeng)長(chang)23.8%。其中，火(huo)力(li)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)實現(xian)利(li)潤(run)(run)323億元(yuan)(yuan)，但虧損面仍(reng)然較高(gao)（為43.8%）；風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、太陽能發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和核電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)利(li)潤(run)(run)增(zeng)速(su)均超過20.0%，但風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、太陽能發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)由于(yu)補貼不(bu)及(ji)(ji)時到位，企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)賬面利(li)潤(run)(run)短(duan)期內難以轉(zhuan)化為實際資金流,導致資金周轉(zhuan)困(kun)難。

九是全球能源互聯網加快推進，“一帶一路”電力合作呈現新亮點。

積極開(kai)展“一(yi)帶一(yi)路(lu)”合作(zuo)。2018年(nian)，我國(guo)主要電力企(qi)業(ye)參與(yu)“一(yi)帶一(yi)路(lu)”國(guo)際(ji)合作(zuo)實際(ji)完成(cheng)投(tou)資約28億美(mei)元，涉及沿線(xian)亞洲和(he)歐洲8個(ge)國(guo)家，直接創造6700個(ge)當地就業(ye)崗(gang)位。新簽工程承(cheng)包合同項目共(gong)128個(ge)，涉及沿線(xian)30個(ge)國(guo)家地區(qu)，合同金額255.5億美(mei)元。為保障“一(yi)帶一(yi)路(lu)”建(jian)設順(shun)利實施，各電力企(qi)業(ye)不(bu)斷創新“一(yi)帶一(yi)路(lu)”建(jian)設合作(zuo)機制，與(yu)相關(guan)國(guo)家或(huo)地區(qu)磋商建(jian)立共(gong)同的投(tou)資風險防范體(ti)系。

全(quan)球能源互聯(lian)(lian)(lian)網(wang)(wang)加快推進。2018年，全(quan)球能源互聯(lian)(lian)(lian)網(wang)(wang)合(he)作組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)會員(yuan)數量和(he)覆(fu)蓋國(guo)(guo)別(bie)大(da)(da)幅提升(sheng)，全(quan)年新增會員(yuan)242家(jia)(jia)，新增國(guo)(guo)別(bie)40個，會員(yuan)總數達到602家(jia)(jia)、覆(fu)蓋85個國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)（地區）；組(zu)建了(le)全(quan)球能源互聯(lian)(lian)(lian)網(wang)(wang)大(da)(da)學聯(lian)(lian)(lian)盟(meng)和(he)智庫聯(lian)(lian)(lian)盟(meng)，并搭建了(le)共(gong)商(shang)發(fa)展(zhan)的合(he)作新平臺；與(yu)幾內亞政府(fu)(fu)共(gong)同倡議(yi)(yi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)立非(fei)(fei)洲能源互聯(lian)(lian)(lian)網(wang)(wang)可(ke)持續發(fa)展(zhan)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)盟(meng)；與(yu)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)合(he)國(guo)(guo)氣候變化公約秘書(shu)處(chu)、拉丁美洲和(he)加勒比經濟委員(yuan)會、非(fei)(fei)洲經濟委員(yuan)會，埃塞俄比亞、剛果（金）、幾內亞等國(guo)(guo)政府(fu)(fu)，以及有關組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)、機(ji)構、企(qi)業(ye)、高校新簽(qian)15項(xiang)合(he)作協(xie)議(yi)(yi)；大(da)(da)力推動我國(guo)(guo)與(yu)周邊國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)及“一帶(dai)一路”沿線國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)電網(wang)(wang)互聯(lian)(lian)(lian)，中(zhong)緬孟聯(lian)(lian)(lian)網(wang)(wang)項(xiang)目成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)立政府(fu)(fu)間聯(lian)(lian)(lian)合(he)工(gong)作組(zu)，中(zhong)韓聯(lian)(lian)(lian)網(wang)(wang)項(xiang)目完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)預(yu)可(ke)研(yan)，海(hai)灣國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)與(yu)東非(fei)(fei)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)網(wang)(wang)項(xiang)目簽(qian)署三方合(he)作協(xie)議(yi)(yi)。

《行業發展(zhan)(zhan)報(bao)告(gao)2019》同(tong)時(shi)指出，2018年，我國(guo)電(dian)(dian)力行業在(zai)(zai)取得卓越(yue)成績的(de)同(tong)時(shi)，多年來積累的(de)一些深層次(ci)問題(ti)依(yi)然存在(zai)(zai)。在(zai)(zai)發展(zhan)(zhan)上(shang)，電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)與電(dian)(dian)網、交流(liu)與直流(liu)、輸電(dian)(dian)與配(pei)電(dian)(dian)發展(zhan)(zhan)不(bu)協調等(deng)(deng)問題(ti)突出；清潔能(neng)源(yuan)發展(zhan)(zhan)長期(qi)面(mian)臨棄水、棄風、棄光(guang)等(deng)(deng)挑戰(zhan)，嚴重制約電(dian)(dian)力行業安(an)全發展(zhan)(zhan)、清潔發展(zhan)(zhan)和高質(zhi)量發展(zhan)(zhan)；煤電(dian)(dian)發展(zhan)(zhan)面(mian)臨的(de)碳減排和污染防治(zhi)任務艱巨。在(zai)(zai)改革(ge)創(chuang)(chuang)新上(shang)，國(guo)企“放管(guan)服”改革(ge)滯后(hou)于(yu)市場化(hua)建設進程，不(bu)利于(yu)能(neng)源(yuan)生產消費新業態投資與運營的(de)創(chuang)(chuang)新發展(zhan)(zhan)。在(zai)(zai)經營上(shang)，受(shou)宏觀經濟(ji)、電(dian)(dian)價政策(ce)、環境治(zhi)理等(deng)(deng)影響(xiang)，電(dian)(dian)力企業經營形勢依(yi)然嚴峻(jun)。

《行業發(fa)(fa)(fa)展報(bao)告2019》建(jian)議，電(dian)(dian)力行業要堅(jian)持(chi)以習近平新(xin)時代中國(guo)特色(se)社會主義思(si)想為指(zhi)導(dao)，繼(ji)續加(jia)快(kuai)能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)綠色(se)低碳(tan)轉型發(fa)(fa)(fa)展，推(tui)動實施清(qing)(qing)潔(jie)替代和(he)電(dian)(dian)能替代，大幅提高電(dian)(dian)氣化水平，打(da)造綠色(se)低碳(tan)、互聯互通(tong)、共(gong)建(jian)共(gong)享(xiang)的能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)共(gong)同(tong)體。加(jia)快(kuai)清(qing)(qing)潔(jie)能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)大規(gui)模開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)和(he)高效(xiao)利用。切實解決好開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)和(he)消(xiao)納問題，加(jia)快(kuai)大型清(qing)(qing)潔(jie)能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)基地開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)，堅(jian)持(chi)集中式和(he)分布(bu)式并舉開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)清(qing)(qing)潔(jie)能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，依托(tuo)大電(dian)(dian)網實現分布(bu)式電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)高效(xiao)利用。積極推(tui)進煤電(dian)(dian)轉型發(fa)(fa)(fa)展。嚴控新(xin)增煤電(dian)(dian)規(gui)模，優化煤電(dian)(dian)布(bu)局，提高煤電(dian)(dian)調節能力。

繼續(xu)(xu)推(tui)進(jin)電力企(qi)(qi)業轉(zhuan)型發(fa)(fa)展和創(chuang)新。圍繞能源轉(zhuan)型，找(zhao)準(zhun)企(qi)(qi)業發(fa)(fa)展方向(xiang)，盡快(kuai)實現主營(ying)(ying)業務(wu)向(xiang)清潔(jie)低碳領域轉(zhuan)型，實現發(fa)(fa)展從(cong)粗放(fang)向(xiang)精益(yi)轉(zhuan)變，繼續(xu)(xu)提升精益(yi)化管理(li)水平，加(jia)大力度拓展國際市場(chang)，積極推(tui)進(jin)技術裝備和商業模式創(chuang)新，推(tui)動傳統電力企(qi)(qi)業拓展綜合能源服(fu)務(wu)業務(wu)。著力解(jie)決發(fa)(fa)電企(qi)(qi)業經(jing)營(ying)(ying)困(kun)境防(fang)范市場(chang)風險。做好電煤含稅基準(zhun)價調(diao)整(zheng)、燃料保供、穩定電煤價格、電煤中長(chang)協履約(yue)監督等工作，緩解(jie)發(fa)(fa)電企(qi)(qi)業經(jing)營(ying)(ying)困(kun)境。