国产精品视频一区二区三区无码,国产午夜精品无码,午夜天堂一区人妻,无遮挡色视频免费观看,中文字幕久热精品视频在线

2019年(nian)7月(yue)6日至7日，“中國電(dian)力(li)圓桌(zhuo)”2019年(nian)二季度(du)會議在北京成(cheng)功(gong)舉辦。“中國電(dian)力(li)圓桌(zhuo)”成(cheng)員、國家(jia)能源局原總工程師韓水圍繞“增量配網(wang)與(yu)大(da)電(dian)網(wang)融合發展”會議主題(ti)，提出(chu)三方(fang)面(mian)的看法：

第一，融合發展(zhan)是(shi)大(da)電(dian)網(wang)與增量(liang)配電(dian)網(wang)共同的愿(yuan)望。

第二，地位平等是大電(dian)網(wang)與增量配電(dian)網(wang)融合發展的(de)基(ji)礎。

第三，公平監管(guan)是大(da)電網與(yu)增量配電網融(rong)合發展的保障。

一、融合發展是大電網與增量配電網共同的愿望

大電(dian)網(wang)與增(zeng)(zeng)量配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)網(wang)的(de)發展不相矛盾，可(ke)以謀求共同發展。韓水認為，在原來管理模(mo)式(shi)下(xia)，大電(dian)網(wang)之外的(de)存(cun)(cun)量配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)網(wang)缺少(shao)發展動力(li)和資(zi)金，電(dian)網(wang)薄(bo)弱，可(ke)靠(kao)性差(cha)，現在將存(cun)(cun)量配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)網(wang)作為增(zeng)(zeng)量配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)網(wang)來改(gai)革，引入社會資(zi)本(ben)，解(jie)決了大電(dian)網(wang)和存(cun)(cun)量配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)網(wang)共同發展的(de)問題。雙方發展重點不同，融合發展可(ke)以形成共贏局面(mian)。此外，增(zeng)(zeng)量配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)改(gai)革試點中(zhong)，新(xin)規劃的(de)園區電(dian)網(wang)沒有(you)配(pei)(pei)(pei)備供(gong)電(dian)能力(li)，進行增(zeng)(zeng)量配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)改(gai)革具備條(tiao)件，也能夠得到電(dian)網(wang)公(gong)司的(de)支持。

增量(liang)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)改革(ge)不(bu)會(hui)造成電(dian)(dian)網(wang)的(de)(de)碎片化(hua)。韓(han)水指出，關于這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)問題，在(zai)(zai)改革(ge)設計之初就做好了四方(fang)面的(de)(de)考(kao)慮(lv)：一(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)省級人民政府對配(pei)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)要作(zuo)統(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)發展規劃，電(dian)(dian)網(wang)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)和增量(liang)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)需按規劃建設配(pei)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)；二是(shi)電(dian)(dian)力(li)系統(tong)實行統(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)調度(du)，電(dian)(dian)力(li)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)要分級執(zhi)行調度(du)指令；三是(shi)堅持(chi)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)互(hu)聯，團結治網(wang)，互(hu)利共贏，在(zai)(zai)統(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)下不(bu)形成孤網(wang)；四是(shi)嚴格事前監管(guan)。其中，在(zai)(zai)增量(liang)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)改革(ge)設置唯一(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)行政許可審批制度(du)（電(dian)(dian)力(li)業(ye)(ye)務許可），是(shi)防止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)碎片化(hua)的(de)(de)重要手段。增量(liang)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)改革(ge)僅(jin)在(zai)(zai)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)的(de)(de)投資主體、管(guan)理模式上發生變化(hua)，電(dian)(dian)網(wang)依然統(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)。

增(zeng)加電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)供(gong)(gong)應是大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)與增(zeng)量(liang)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)共同的(de)(de)發展目標。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)企(qi)業把(ba)(ba)投(tou)資(zi)的(de)(de)重點放(fang)到輸(shu)(shu)(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)建設，增(zeng)加對(dui)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)的(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能力(li)；增(zeng)量(liang)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企(qi)業把(ba)(ba)投(tou)資(zi)的(de)(de)重點放(fang)在(zai)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)建設，滿足(zu)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)區(qu)內(nei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)需(xu)求，增(zeng)加電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)供(gong)(gong)應能力(li)。增(zeng)量(liang)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)范(fan)圍(wei)內(nei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源較少，為滿足(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)供(gong)(gong)應必須由區(qu)外購電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，由輸(shu)(shu)(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)送到區(qu)內(nei)。增(zeng)量(liang)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)增(zeng)加供(gong)(gong)應電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)越大(da)，外購電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)和輸(shu)(shu)(shu)送電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)就越大(da)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)的(de)(de)投(tou)資(zi)回報(bao)就越好(hao)。從現(xian)階段(duan)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價比重看，輸(shu)(shu)(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)的(de)(de)投(tou)資(zi)回報(bao)會好(hao)于配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)。

二、地位平等是大電網與增量配電網融合發展的基礎

韓水認為(wei)，地位平等(deng)主要體現在以(yi)下四個方面：

一是投資建(jian)設方面地位平等(deng)。在(zai)規(gui)劃范圍內(nei)，電(dian)網(wang)公(gong)司(si)要公(gong)平開放大電(dian)網(wang)，為(wei)增量配電(dian)網(wang)的建(jian)設提供便利，不能設置任(ren)何關卡。政(zheng)府主管部門要盡快出臺相關政(zheng)策，規(gui)范電(dian)網(wang)企業公(gong)平開放電(dian)網(wang)接入，并實施有效監(jian)管。

二是(shi)交易(yi)結(jie)算方面地位平(ping)等。增(zeng)量配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)企業是(shi)擁(yong)有配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網經(jing)營權的(de)(de)售電(dian)(dian)(dian)公(gong)(gong)司，是(shi)獨立(li)的(de)(de)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體。在規范的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力市(shi)場(chang)(chang)中，市(shi)場(chang)(chang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體之間的(de)(de)地位是(shi)平(ping)等的(de)(de)。增(zeng)量配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)企業可以自主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)與(yu)其他(ta)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體按市(shi)場(chang)(chang)規則進行交易(yi)并結(jie)算。電(dian)(dian)(dian)網公(gong)(gong)司要尊重(zhong)各市(shi)場(chang)(chang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體的(de)(de)交易(yi)合同，組織實(shi)施(shi)，并收取相應的(de)(de)輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)費用(yong)。在電(dian)(dian)(dian)力市(shi)場(chang)(chang)建設時，地方政府要確立(li)增(zeng)量配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)企業的(de)(de)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體地位，規范交易(yi)規則，并實(shi)施(shi)有效(xiao)監管。

三(san)是(shi)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)主體地位平等。依據現行(xing)的(de)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)規則，各(ge)級(ji)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)機構(gou)按(an)照明確的(de)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)權限(xian)行(xing)使(shi)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)職(zhi)能，不允許越級(ji)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，或不執行(xing)上級(ji)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)指令(ling)。增量(liang)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)網有獨立(li)的(de)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)機構(gou)，一(yi)方面要負責增量(liang)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)網的(de)安全運行(xing)，另一(yi)方面要服從聯網的(de)上級(ji)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)指令(ling)，共同維護大電(dian)(dian)網安全運行(xing)。與增量(liang)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)網聯網的(de)上級(ji)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)機構(gou)要尊重(zhong)增量(liang)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)網的(de)獨立(li)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)職(zhi)權，按(an)照調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)規則下達調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)指令(ling)。

四是大電(dian)網與增(zeng)量配(pei)電(dian)網的信息對稱(cheng)。雙(shuang)方要(yao)把包括安(an)全(quan)運(yun)行、檢(jian)修、故障、負荷預測、電(dian)力電(dian)量交易(yi)等信息互通，防(fang)止因(yin)信息不對稱(cheng)影響(xiang)電(dian)網安(an)全(quan)運(yun)行和電(dian)力供應。

三、公平監管是大電網與增量配電網融合發展的保障

韓水指出，政府(fu)公平地行使機構職責是各利益主(zhu)體獲得合法權(quan)益的保(bao)障，也是增量配(pei)電(dian)改革能夠(gou)順利推進的保(bao)障。通過前期試點(dian)來看，政府(fu)在監管(guan)上有所缺失(shi)是改革試點(dian)推進緩慢的原(yuan)因之一(yi)。對(dui)此，他提出四點(dian)建議：

一是加(jia)強供電(dian)營(ying)業區(qu)劃(hua)分(fen)的監(jian)管。增量(liang)配電(dian)改革相(xiang)關文件(jian)中明確指出(chu)，在一個(ge)供電(dian)營(ying)業區(qu)內只能(neng)有一個(ge)擁有配電(dian)網經營(ying)權(quan)的企業。通過加(jia)強對供電(dian)營(ying)業區(qu)劃(hua)定(ding)的監(jian)管，確定(ding)供電(dian)營(ying)業區(qu)唯一合法供電(dian)商的地位是防止(zhi)配電(dian)網重復建設(she)和電(dian)網碎片(pian)化的一項重要(yao)手段，只有把這個(ge)監(jian)管責任落實到位，才能(neng)保證改革的順利推進，保障各方的權(quan)益不受(shou)損失。

二是(shi)加強規劃實施和電網(wang)公(gong)平接入(ru)監管。在地(di)方(fang)政府做好(hao)配(pei)電網(wang)規劃之后，電網(wang)企業(ye)和增量(liang)配(pei)電企業(ye)一定(ding)(ding)要按(an)照規劃，保時、保質、保量(liang)進行建設，不能以(yi)(yi)各種(zhong)理由對已規劃的線(xian)路和變電設施拖延(yan)或者是(shi)阻止建設。監管部門要定(ding)(ding)期、不定(ding)(ding)期了解(jie)工程進展情況。發(fa)生糾紛電網(wang)企業(ye)和增量(liang)配(pei)電企業(ye)可以(yi)(yi)向監管部門投訴，監管部門要協調解(jie)決問(wen)題，促(cu)進雙方(fang)融(rong)合發(fa)展。

三(san)是加強信(xin)(xin)息公(gong)開(kai)的監管。信(xin)(xin)息不對(dui)稱會影響(xiang)電(dian)(dian)網企業和(he)增量配電(dian)(dian)企業安全運行、可靠(kao)供電(dian)(dian)和(he)公(gong)平(ping)交(jiao)易。地方政府對(dui)信(xin)(xin)息公(gong)開(kai)要有嚴(yan)格(ge)要求(qiu)，明確需要公(gong)開(kai)的信(xin)(xin)息和(he)時間，監管部門要對(dui)信(xin)(xin)息公(gong)開(kai)實施監管。

四是(shi)(shi)加強保底供(gong)電(dian)服務(wu)和普遍服務(wu)的監(jian)管(guan)(guan)。保底供(gong)電(dian)服務(wu)和普遍服務(wu)是(shi)(shi)所有配電(dian)企業(ye)的應盡義務(wu)，尤(you)其是(shi)(shi)增量配電(dian)企業(ye)對此不甚熟(shu)悉，缺少專(zhuan)業(ye)人員和技術指(zhi)導，監(jian)管(guan)(guan)部(bu)門在加強監(jian)管(guan)(guan)的同時，要有針對性(xing)的加強培(pei)訓和指(zhi)導。

韓水，教授級(ji)高級(ji)工(gong)程(cheng)師(shi)。曾(ceng)在遼寧省電(dian)力有限公司、東北電(dian)網(wang)公司、國(guo)家(jia)電(dian)力監管委員會、國(guo)家(jia)能(neng)源局任職。曾(ceng)任國(guo)家(jia)能(neng)源局總工(gong)程(cheng)師(shi)，現任中(zhong)國(guo)能(neng)源研究會特邀副理事(shi)長。