這是500萬千瓦的光熱(re)裝機目標首次(ci)得到官方正式的文(wen)件確認,比(bi)此前的10GW目標縮(suo)減一(yi)半。早(zao)在(zai)2015年的12月15日,國家能(neng)源(yuan)局向各(ge)省(自治區、直(zhi)轄市)發(fa)改(gai)委能(neng)源(yuan)局等有關(guan)部門下發(fa)的《太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)利用十(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)五(wu)發(fa)展(zhan)規劃(hua)征(zheng)求意見稿》提出到2020年底,要實現太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)熱(re)發(fa)電總裝機容量達到1000萬千瓦,但至2016年9月份,有可靠消息稱(cheng)這一(yi)目標最終被壓(ya)縮(suo)至500萬千瓦。而(er)此次(ci)發(fa)布的《電力發(fa)展(zhan)“十(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)五(wu)”規劃(hua)》則首次(ci)正式在(zai)官方文(wen)件中確認了(le)這一(yi)目標。《太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)利用十(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)五(wu)發(fa)展(zhan)規劃(hua)》是《電力發(fa)展(zhan)“十(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)五(wu)”規劃(hua)》的專項規劃(hua)文(wen)件。
據稱,目(mu)標(biao)(biao)下調的(de)主要(yao)原因是官方認為10GW的(de)裝機(ji)(ji)目(mu)標(biao)(biao)過于(yu)理(li)想(xiang)化。《國家能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)局關于(yu)組(zu)織太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)熱發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)示范(fan)(fan)項目(mu)建設的(de)通知》已(yi)明確十(shi)三五期間太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)熱發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)項目(mu)均(jun)應(ying)納入國家能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)局組(zu)織的(de)國家太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)熱發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)示范(fan)(fan)項目(mu)統一(yi)管(guan)理(li)。第一(yi)批示范(fan)(fan)項目(mu)共(gong)20個,總計(ji)裝機(ji)(ji)容(rong)量134.9萬(wan)千(qian)瓦,假定這些項目(mu)均(jun)能(neng)(neng)(neng)在2018年底(di)前建設完成,另外(wai)還有365.1萬(wan)千(qian)萬(wan)裝機(ji)(ji)待建。按(an)最低兩年的(de)建設期計(ji)算,要(yao)落實5GW的(de)裝機(ji)(ji)目(mu)標(biao)(biao),最慢(man)應(ying)在2017年年底(di)前啟(qi)動第二(er)(er)批示范(fan)(fan)項目(mu)的(de)申報工(gong)(gong)作(zuo),在2018年中期完成第二(er)(er)批示范(fan)(fan)項目(mu)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價核定、名單落地(di)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。
《規劃(hua)》僅(jin)為規劃(hua),其設定的裝(zhuang)機(ji)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao)(biao)并不具(ju)有強制性,其意義在于指引行業(ye)發展的方向,給出產業(ye)發展的目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao)(biao)。5GW的目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao)(biao)相對(dui)而(er)言(yan)更加現(xian)實(shi),具(ju)有較大可(ke)能實(shi)現(xian)這一目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao)(biao)。當前(qian),最重要的是,如何把第一批(pi)示范項目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)按(an)預定計劃(hua)建(jian)成(cheng)、建(jian)好。目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)前(qian)國家能源局也(ye)并未確定通(tong)過幾輪示范項目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)完成(cheng)十三五的5GW裝(zhuang)機(ji),但可(ke)以確定是,第一批(pi)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的建(jian)設情況將直(zhi)接影響后續項目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的落(luo)地(di),進而(er)影響十三五總(zong)體目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao)(biao)的實(shi)現(xian)。
國家能源(yuan)局(ju)總工程(cheng)師韓水出席(xi)發布會(hui)并介紹了規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃的(de)(de)具(ju)體情況(kuang)。該規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃內容涵蓋水電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、核電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、煤電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、氣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、太陽(yang)能發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等(deng)各(ge)類電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)和輸配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網,重(zhong)點(dian)闡述“十(shi)三(san)五”時期(qi)我(wo)國電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)發展(zhan)的(de)(de)指(zhi)導思(si)想和基本原則,明確主(zhu)要目標和重(zhong)點(dian)任務,通過戰(zhan)略性和導向性的(de)(de)思(si)路和辦(ban)法(fa),對(dui)于發展(zhan)指(zhi)標盡(jin)可能予以量(liang)化,對(dui)于發展(zhan)目標給(gei)予清(qing)晰(xi)明確的(de)(de)描述,規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃期(qi)為2016-2020年。
規劃指(zhi)出,大力發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)新能(neng)源(yuan),優化(hua)調(diao)整(zheng)開發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)布(bu)(bu)局。按(an)照(zhao)(zhao)集中開發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)與分(fen)散開發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)并舉、就(jiu)近(jin)(jin)消納(na)為(wei)主(zhu)的(de)(de)原(yuan)則(ze)優化(hua)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)布(bu)(bu)局,統(tong)籌(chou)開發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)與市場消納(na),有(you)序開發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)光電(dian)(dian)(dian)。2020年,全國風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)裝機達到2.1億千瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)以(yi)上(shang),其中海上(shang)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)500萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)左右。按(an)照(zhao)(zhao)分(fen)散開發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、就(jiu)近(jin)(jin)消納(na)為(wei)主(zhu)的(de)(de)原(yuan)則(ze)布(bu)(bu)局光伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)。2020年,太陽能(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)裝機達到1.1億千瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)以(yi)上(shang),其中分(fen)布(bu)(bu)式光伏(fu)6000萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)以(yi)上(shang)、光熱發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)500萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)。按(an)照(zhao)(zhao)存(cun)量優先的(de)(de)原(yuan)則(ze),依托(tuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力外送通道,有(you)序推(tui)進(jin)“三北”地區(qu)可再(zai)生能(neng)源(yuan)跨省區(qu)消納(na)4000萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)。
以下為(wei)國家能源(yuan)局總工程師(shi)韓水在發布(bu)會上對《規劃》進行的介紹(shao):
各位新聞界(jie)的(de)(de)朋友,大(da)(da)家(jia)(jia)上午好!我是國家(jia)(jia)能源局總工程師(shi)韓水,非常高興有機會向大(da)(da)家(jia)(jia)介紹(shao)《電力發展(zhan)(zhan)“十三五”規劃》。首(shou)先,感謝大(da)(da)家(jia)(jia)參加今(jin)天的(de)(de)新聞發布會,并衷心感謝大(da)(da)家(jia)(jia)多(duo)年(nian)來對(dui)電力發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)關注和支持!下面(mian),我將從(cong)四個方面(mian)向大(da)(da)家(jia)(jia)介紹(shao)《電力發展(zhan)(zhan)“十三五”規劃》的(de)(de)有關情況。
一、《規(gui)劃》編制的(de)背景及依據。電(dian)(dian)(dian)力是關系國計民生的(de)基礎產業,電(dian)(dian)(dian)力供應和安全(quan)(quan)事(shi)關國家安全(quan)(quan)戰略,事(shi)關經濟(ji)社(she)會發(fa)展全(quan)(quan)局(ju)。“十二五”期(qi)間,我(wo)國電(dian)(dian)(dian)力工業發(fa)展規(gui)模邁上(shang)了(le)新(xin)(xin)臺階,結構調整取得了(le)新(xin)(xin)成就,節能減(jian)排達(da)到(dao)了(le)新(xin)(xin)水平(ping),裝備(bei)技術(shu)創新(xin)(xin)取得了(le)新(xin)(xin)突(tu)破,電(dian)(dian)(dian)力國際合(he)作(zuo)拓(tuo)展了(le)新(xin)(xin)局(ju)面(mian),體制改革開啟了(le)新(xin)(xin)篇章(zhang)。截至2015年(nian)年(nian)底,全(quan)(quan)社(she)會用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量達(da)到(dao)5.69萬億(yi)(yi)(yi)千(qian)瓦時(shi),全(quan)(quan)國發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)裝機達(da)到(dao)15.3億(yi)(yi)(yi)千(qian)瓦,220千(qian)伏(fu)及以(yi)上(shang)輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)路合(he)計60.9萬公里,變電(dian)(dian)(dian)容量33.7億(yi)(yi)(yi)千(qian)伏(fu)安。非化(hua)石能源在一次能源消費中的(de)比重從2010年(nian)的(de)9.4%提高到(dao)2015年(nian)的(de)12%,超額完(wan)成了(le)預定目標。
“十(shi)三(san)五”是我國(guo)全面建成小康社會的(de)決勝期,深化(hua)(hua)改革(ge)的(de)攻堅期,也(ye)是電力(li)工業(ye)加快轉(zhuan)型發展(zhan)的(de)重要機遇期。進入“十(shi)三(san)五”,電力(li)工業(ye)面臨(lin)供應(ying)寬松常態化(hua)(hua)、電源(yuan)結構清潔(jie)化(hua)(hua)、電力(li)系(xi)統智能化(hua)(hua)、電力(li)發展(zhan)國(guo)際(ji)化(hua)(hua)、體制機制市場化(hua)(hua)等一系(xi)列新形勢、新挑戰。
根據《中(zhong)華人民(min)共和國國民(min)經濟和社會發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)第十(shi)三(san)個五(wu)年規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)綱要》、《能(neng)源發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)“十(shi)三(san)五(wu)”規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)》制(zhi)訂了《電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)“十(shi)三(san)五(wu)”規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)》。其內容涵蓋水(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)、核(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)、煤(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)、氣電(dian)(dian)(dian)、風電(dian)(dian)(dian)、太陽能(neng)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)等各類電(dian)(dian)(dian)源和輸配電(dian)(dian)(dian)網,重點闡述“十(shi)三(san)五(wu)”時期(qi)我國電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)指導思(si)想和基本原則,明確主要目標和重點任(ren)務,通過戰略性和導向性的(de)思(si)路(lu)和辦法,對于發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)指標盡可能(neng)予(yu)以量(liang)化,對于發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)目標給予(yu)清晰明確的(de)描述,《規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)》是“十(shi)三(san)五(wu)”電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)行(xing)(xing)動(dong)綱領和編(bian)制(zhi)相(xiang)關(guan)專項規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)的(de)指導文(wen)件、布局重大電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)項目的(de)依據,規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)期(qi)為2016-2020年。規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)實施過程中(zhong),適時進(jin)行(xing)(xing)滾動(dong)調(diao)整。同時,分(fen)年度對規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)情(qing)況(kuang)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)梳(shu)理、微調(diao)。
二、電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的指導思想和(he)基本原則。深(shen)入(ru)貫(guan)徹黨的十(shi)八大和(he)十(shi)八屆三(san)中(zhong)、四中(zhong)、五中(zhong)、六(liu)中(zhong)全會精神,落(luo)實“四個革命、一個合作”發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)戰略,牢(lao)固樹立和(he)貫(guan)徹落(luo)實創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)、協調(diao)(diao)、綠色、開放、共享發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)理(li)念(nian),按照《中(zhong)華人民(min)共和(he)國國民(min)經濟和(he)社(she)(she)會發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)第十(shi)三(san)個五年(nian)規劃綱要》、《能源(yuan)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)“十(shi)三(san)五”規劃》相(xiang)關部署(shu),加(jia)強統籌協調(diao)(diao),加(jia)強科技創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin),加(jia)強國際合作;著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)力(li)(li)調(diao)(diao)整電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)結構,著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)力(li)(li)優(you)化(hua)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)布(bu)局,著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)力(li)(li)升級配電(dian)(dian)網,著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)力(li)(li)增強系(xi)統調(diao)(diao)節(jie)能力(li)(li),著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)力(li)(li)提高(gao)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)統效率,著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)力(li)(li)推(tui)進體制(zhi)改革和(he)機(ji)制(zhi)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin);加(jia)快調(diao)(diao)整優(you)化(hua),轉(zhuan)型升級,構建清潔低碳、安全高(gao)效的現代電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)工(gong)業體系(xi),惠及(ji)廣大電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)用戶,為全面建成小康社(she)(she)會提供堅實支撐和(he)保障。
未來五年電(dian)力(li)發展的基本原則是:“統籌兼顧、協調(diao)發展,清潔(jie)低碳、綠(lv)色(se)發展,優化布(bu)局、安(an)全發展,智能高效、創新(xin)發展,深化改革、開放發展,保障(zhang)民生、共享發展”。
三(san)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)力發展(zhan)(zhan)目標和主要任務。《規劃》從供(gong)應(ying)能力、電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)結(jie)構、電(dian)(dian)(dian)網發展(zhan)(zhan)、綜合調節(jie)能力、節(jie)能減(jian)排(pai)、民生用電(dian)(dian)(dian)保障、科技裝(zhuang)備發展(zhan)(zhan)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)力體制(zhi)改革8個方面繪(hui)制(zhi)了電(dian)(dian)(dian)力發展(zhan)(zhan)的“十三(san)五”藍(lan)圖。
1、供應能力方(fang)面。預(yu)期2020年(nian)全社會(hui)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)6.8-7.2萬億(yi)千瓦時(shi),年(nian)均增長3.6-4.8%,全國(guo)發電(dian)(dian)裝機(ji)(ji)容量(liang)20億(yi)千瓦,年(nian)均增長5.5%。人(ren)均裝機(ji)(ji)突(tu)破(po)1.4千瓦,人(ren)均用(yong)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)5000千瓦時(shi)左右(you),接近中等(deng)發達(da)國(guo)家水(shui)平(ping)(ping)。城(cheng)鄉電(dian)(dian)氣化水(shui)平(ping)(ping)明顯(xian)提高,電(dian)(dian)能占終端能源消費比重達(da)到27%。
2、電源結(jie)構方面(mian)。按照非化石(shi)能源消費比重達(da)(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)15%左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)的要求,到(dao)(dao)(dao)2020年(nian),非化石(shi)能源發(fa)電裝(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)達(da)(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)7.7億千(qian)瓦左(zuo)(zuo)右(you),比2015年(nian)增加2.5億千(qian)瓦左(zuo)(zuo)右(you),占比約39%,提(ti)高4個(ge)百分點,發(fa)電量占比提(ti)高到(dao)(dao)(dao)31%;氣電裝(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)增加5000萬千(qian)瓦,達(da)(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)1.1億千(qian)瓦以(yi)上(shang),占比超過5%;煤電裝(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)力爭控制在11億千(qian)瓦以(yi)內,占比降至(zhi)約55%。電源結(jie)構得到(dao)(dao)(dao)進一步優化。主要有以(yi)下幾個(ge)方面(mian):
第一,積(ji)極發(fa)展水電(dian)(dian),統(tong)籌開(kai)發(fa)與(yu)外送。在(zai)堅持生態優(you)(you)先和移民妥善安置(zhi)前(qian)提下(xia),積(ji)極開(kai)發(fa)水電(dian)(dian)。以重(zhong)要流域龍頭水電(dian)(dian)站建(jian)設為重(zhong)點,科學開(kai)發(fa)西南水電(dian)(dian)資(zi)源(yuan)。堅持干流開(kai)發(fa)優(you)(you)先、支(zhi)流保護(hu)優(you)(you)先的原則(ze),積(ji)極有序推進大型水電(dian)(dian)基地建(jian)設,嚴格控制中小流域、中小水電(dian)(dian)開(kai)發(fa)。到2020年,常規水電(dian)(dian)裝機達到3.4億千瓦。
第二,大力發(fa)展新能(neng)源,優化調整開(kai)發(fa)布局(ju)。按(an)照集中開(kai)發(fa)與(yu)分散開(kai)發(fa)并舉、就近消(xiao)納為(wei)主的(de)原則(ze)優化風(feng)電(dian)(dian)布局(ju),統籌開(kai)發(fa)與(yu)市(shi)場消(xiao)納,有序開(kai)發(fa)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)光電(dian)(dian)。2020年,全國(guo)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)機達(da)到2.1億(yi)千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦以(yi)上,其中海上風(feng)電(dian)(dian)500萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦左右(you)。按(an)照分散開(kai)發(fa)、就近消(xiao)納為(wei)主的(de)原則(ze)布局(ju)光伏電(dian)(dian)站。2020年,太陽(yang)能(neng)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)機達(da)到1.1億(yi)千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦以(yi)上,其中分布式光伏6000萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦以(yi)上、光熱發(fa)電(dian)(dian)500萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦。按(an)照存量優先的(de)原則(ze),依托(tuo)電(dian)(dian)力外(wai)送通道,有序推進(jin)“三北”地區可再(zai)生能(neng)源跨(kua)省(sheng)區消(xiao)納4000萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦。
第三,安(an)全(quan)發展核(he)電(dian)(dian),推進沿(yan)海(hai)核(he)電(dian)(dian)建設。“十三五”期間,全(quan)國核(he)電(dian)(dian)投產約3000萬(wan)千瓦(wa)、開(kai)工(gong)建設3000萬(wan)千瓦(wa)以上,2020年裝機(ji)達到(dao)5800萬(wan)千瓦(wa)。
第四(si),有序發展天然氣發電,大力推進分布式氣電建設。“十三五”期間(jian),全國氣電新增投產(chan)5000萬千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa),2020年達到1.1億千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)以(yi)上,其中熱電冷多聯供1500萬千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)。
第五,加快煤電(dian)轉型(xing)升級,促進清潔(jie)有序(xu)發展(zhan)。嚴格(ge)控(kong)制(zhi)煤電(dian)規劃(hua)建(jian)(jian)設。合理控(kong)制(zhi)煤電(dian)基地(di)建(jian)(jian)設進度(du),因(yin)地(di)制(zhi)宜規劃(hua)建(jian)(jian)設熱電(dian)聯(lian)產和低熱值煤發電(dian)項(xiang)(xiang)目。積極促進煤電(dian)轉型(xing)升級。“十三五”期間,取消和推遲煤電(dian)建(jian)(jian)設項(xiang)(xiang)目1.5億千(qian)瓦以上。到2020年(nian),全國煤電(dian)裝機規模力爭控(kong)制(zhi)在11億千(qian)瓦以內。此外(wai),《規劃(hua)》將鼓勵多(duo)元化能(neng)源(yuan)利(li)用,因(yin)地(di)制(zhi)宜試點示范。
3、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)發展方面。籌(chou)劃外送(song)(song)通(tong)(tong)道,增(zeng)(zeng)強(qiang)資源配(pei)置(zhi)能(neng)力。合(he)理布局能(neng)源富集地區(qu)(qu)(qu)外送(song)(song),建設特(te)高壓輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)常規輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技術的“西(xi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)東(dong)送(song)(song)”輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)(tong)道,新(xin)增(zeng)(zeng)規模1.3億千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦,達到2.7億千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦左右;優化電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)結構,提高系統(tong)安(an)全水平。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)主(zhu)網(wang)(wang)(wang)架(jia)進一(yi)步(bu)(bu)優化,省(sheng)間(jian)(jian)聯(lian)(lian)絡線進一(yi)步(bu)(bu)加強(qiang)。充分(fen)論證全國同步(bu)(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)格(ge)局,進一(yi)步(bu)(bu)調整(zheng)完(wan)善區(qu)(qu)(qu)域電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)主(zhu)網(wang)(wang)(wang)架(jia),探索(suo)大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)之間(jian)(jian)的柔(rou)性互聯(lian)(lian),加強(qiang)區(qu)(qu)(qu)域內(nei)省(sheng)間(jian)(jian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)互濟能(neng)力。嚴格(ge)控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)建設成本,提高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)運行效率。全國新(xin)增(zeng)(zeng)500千(qian)(qian)(qian)伏及以上交流線路9.2萬公里,變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容量9.2億千(qian)(qian)(qian)伏安(an)。
升級改(gai)造配電(dian)網,推進(jin)智能(neng)電(dian)網建(jian)設。加(jia)大城鄉電(dian)網建(jian)設改(gai)造力度,基本建(jian)成城鄉統(tong)籌、安全(quan)可靠、經濟高效、技(ji)術先進(jin)、環(huan)境友好、與(yu)(yu)小康社會(hui)相(xiang)適應的(de)現代配電(dian)網,適應電(dian)力系統(tong)智能(neng)化要(yao)求,全(quan)面(mian)增強電(dian)源(yuan)與(yu)(yu)用戶雙向(xiang)互動,支持高效智能(neng)電(dian)力系統(tong)建(jian)設。
4、綜合(he)調(diao)節能(neng)力(li)(li)(li)方(fang)面。加強(qiang)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)調(diao)峰(feng)能(neng)力(li)(li)(li)建設(she)(she),提升系(xi)統(tong)(tong)靈活性,從負荷側、電(dian)源側、電(dian)網側多措(cuo)并舉(ju),充分(fen)挖(wa)掘現有系(xi)統(tong)(tong)調(diao)峰(feng)能(neng)力(li)(li)(li),加大(da)調(diao)峰(feng)電(dian)源規劃建設(she)(she)力(li)(li)(li)度,優化電(dian)力(li)(li)(li)調(diao)度運行,大(da)力(li)(li)(li)提高電(dian)力(li)(li)(li)需求側響應能(neng)力(li)(li)(li)。“十三五”期間,抽(chou)水(shui)蓄能(neng)電(dian)站裝機新增約1700萬千瓦(wa),達到(dao)(dao)4000萬千瓦(wa)左右(you)。熱電(dian)聯產機組和常(chang)規煤電(dian)靈活性改造(zao)規模分(fen)別達到(dao)(dao)1.33億千瓦(wa)和8600萬千瓦(wa)左右(you)。
5、節能(neng)減排方面。力(li)爭淘汰火電(dian)(dian)(dian)落后產能(neng)2000萬千(qian)瓦以上。新建(jian)燃煤(mei)(mei)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)組平均(jun)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)煤(mei)(mei)耗(hao)低于(yu)300克標(biao)煤(mei)(mei)/千(qian)瓦時,現(xian)役燃煤(mei)(mei)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)組經改造平均(jun)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)煤(mei)(mei)耗(hao)低于(yu)310克標(biao)煤(mei)(mei)/千(qian)瓦時。電(dian)(dian)(dian)網綜合(he)線(xian)損率控制在6.5%以內。
6、民生用電(dian)保障方(fang)面(mian)。“十(shi)(shi)三五(wu)”期間將立足(zu)大(da)氣污染防治,以電(dian)能(neng)(neng)替(ti)代散燒煤、燃油(you)為抓手,不斷提高(gao)電(dian)能(neng)(neng)占(zhan)終端能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消費比(bi)重,加快充電(dian)設施(shi)建(jian)設,推進集中供熱,逐步替(ti)代燃煤小鍋(guo)爐,積極發展分(fen)布(bu)式(shi)發電(dian),鼓(gu)勵(li)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)就近高(gao)效利用。實現北方(fang)大(da)中型以上城市(shi)熱電(dian)聯產集中供熱率達到60%以上。需要強調的是(shi)(shi):“十(shi)(shi)三五(wu)”期間,將利用新(xin)一輪農網改造(zao)升(sheng)級契機(ji),全面(mian)解決(jue)農村電(dian)網戶(hu)均供電(dian)容量低(di)、安全隱患多、“低(di)電(dian)壓”等問(wen)(wen)題,尤其(qi)是(shi)(shi)鄉村及偏遠地(di)區(qu)供電(dian)薄弱問(wen)(wen)題。同時(shi),實施(shi)好光伏扶(fu)貧(pin)政策,建(jian)立長(chang)期可靠的項目(mu)運營管理機(ji)制和扶(fu)貧(pin)收益分(fen)配管理制度,切實實現“精準扶(fu)貧(pin)、有效扶(fu)貧(pin)”。另外,因地(di)制宜,結(jie)合(he)資源(yuan)特(te)點,鼓(gu)勵(li)電(dian)力企業履行社會責任,在貧(pin)困(kun)地(di)區(qu)建(jian)設電(dian)力項目(mu),并將貧(pin)困(kun)地(di)區(qu)的電(dian)力項目(mu)優(you)先納入電(dian)力規劃(hua)。
7、科技(ji)(ji)(ji)裝備發展(zhan)方面。應(ying)用(yong)推廣一批相對成熟、有市場需求的(de)新技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu),盡快實現產業化。試(shi)驗示范一批有一定積(ji)累,但尚(shang)未實現規模化生(sheng)產的(de)適用(yong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu),進一步驗證技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)路線和經濟(ji)性(xing)。集中攻關一批前景(jing)廣闊但核心(xin)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)受限的(de)關鍵技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)。鼓(gu)勵企業增加研(yan)發投入,積(ji)極參(can)與自主創新。《規劃》中對大(da)型(xing)燃煤電廠(chang)超低(di)排(pai)放技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)、光伏系統集成及控制技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)、海上智能風電機組推廣應(ying)用(yong)、高溫(wen)氣冷(leng)堆示范工程、多(duo)端柔性(xing)直流(liu)等技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)研(yan)發應(ying)用(yong)均(jun)有部署(shu)。
8、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)體(ti)(ti)制改革方(fang)面。組(zu)建(jian)相對獨立(li)和規(gui)范運行的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)機構,建(jian)立(li)公平有序的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)規(gui)則,初步形成功能完(wan)善(shan)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)。深入推進(jin)簡(jian)政(zheng)放權(quan)。一(yi)是核定輸配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)。2017年(nian)底前,完(wan)成分電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓等級(ji)核定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)企業準(zhun)許總收入和輸配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia),逐步減少電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)交(jiao)(jiao)叉補貼。二是建(jian)立(li)健全電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)體(ti)(ti)系。建(jian)立(li)標準(zhun)統(tong)一(yi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)技(ji)術支(zhi)持(chi)系統(tong),積極(ji)培育合格市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti),完(wan)善(shan)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)機制,豐富交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)品種(zhong)。2016年(nian)啟動(dong)東北地區輔助服務市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)試(shi)點,成熟后全面推廣。2018年(nian)底前,啟動(dong)現(xian)(xian)貨(huo)(huo)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)試(shi)點;2020年(nian)全面啟動(dong)現(xian)(xian)貨(huo)(huo)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang),研(yan)究(jiu)風險對沖機制。三是組(zu)建(jian)相對獨立(li)和規(gui)范運行的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)機構。四是有序放開發(fa)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)計劃。2020年(nian)前逐步取(qu)消優先發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)權(quan)以(yi)外的(de)(de)非調節(jie)性發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)計劃。五是全面推進(jin)配售電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)側改革。2018年(nian)底前完(wan)成售電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)側市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)競爭主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)培育工作。
此外(wai),在規(gui)劃(hua)中對“十三五”期間,將堅(jian)持開放包容(rong)、分類(lei)施策(ce)、合(he)(he)作(zuo)共贏(ying)原則,充分利用(yong)國際國內(nei)兩個市場、兩種資源,重(zhong)點推進電力裝備、技術、標準和工程(cheng)服務國際合(he)(he)作(zuo)也作(zuo)了(le)部署。關于未來五年電力發展的重(zhong)點任務及重(zhong)大工程(cheng),《規(gui)劃(hua)》中已有詳細表述,并通過專欄形(xing)式予以明晰,在這里(li)我就不再一(yi)一(yi)贅(zhui)述了(le)。
四(si)、規(gui)劃(hua)實(shi)施。《規(gui)劃(hua)》要求,各省(區(qu)、市(shi))要將《電力(li)發展“十三五”規(gui)劃(hua)》確定的約束性(xing)指標(biao)、主要任務和(he)重大工程列入本(ben)地區(qu)能源發展規(gui)劃(hua)和(he)電力(li)發展專項規(gui)劃(hua),分解落實(shi)目標(biao)任務,明確進度(du)安排和(he)目標(biao)考核機(ji)制,精心組(zu)織(zhi)實(shi)施。各電力(li)企業要充分發揮(hui)市(shi)場主體作用,積極有序推進規(gui)劃(hua)項目前期論證,保(bao)障規(gui)劃(hua)順利(li)實(shi)施。