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按(an)照“管(guan)住中(zhong)間、放(fang)開(kai)兩(liang)頭”的(de)體制架(jia)構，我國輸配電(dian)價(jia)改(gai)(gai)革先(xian)行先(xian)試(shi)、高(gao)效推進，形成(cheng)了以準許成(cheng)本加(jia)合理收益為(wei)基(ji)(ji)礎、引入現代激勵性監(jian)管(guan)理念的(de)制度(du)框架(jia)，基(ji)(ji)本完(wan)成(cheng)了首(shou)個(ge)監(jian)管(guan)周期各層級電(dian)網(wang)輸配電(dian)價(jia)核(he)定，率先(xian)實現了此輪電(dian)改(gai)(gai)的(de)“中(zhong)間”突破，為(wei)“兩(liang)頭”放(fang)開(kai)打下了堅實基(ji)(ji)礎。

一、輸配電價改革取得的成效

高效完善輸配電價改革頂層設計

圍繞建(jian)立“規則明晰(xi)、水(shui)平合理、監管有力(li)、科學透明”的(de)(de)獨立輸(shu)配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)體(ti)系，有序推進(jin)(jin)并高效完成(cheng)輸(shu)配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)改(gai)(gai)(gai)革頂(ding)(ding)層設計。根據《中共中央國(guo)務院關(guan)于(yu)(yu)推進(jin)(jin)價(jia)(jia)格(ge)機制(zhi)改(gai)(gai)(gai)革的(de)(de)若干意見》和(he)《中共中央國(guo)務院關(guan)于(yu)(yu)進(jin)(jin)一(yi)步(bu)深(shen)化電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)體(ti)制(zhi)改(gai)(gai)(gai)革的(de)(de)若干意見》，先(xian)后制(zhi)定(ding)出臺《輸(shu)配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)定(ding)價(jia)(jia)成(cheng)本監審辦法（試行(xing)）》（2015年6月）、《關(guan)于(yu)(yu)推進(jin)(jin)輸(shu)配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)改(gai)(gai)(gai)革的(de)(de)實施意見》（2015年11月）和(he)《省(sheng)級電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)輸(shu)配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)定(ding)價(jia)(jia)辦法（試行(xing)）》（2016年12月）、《區(qu)域(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)格(ge)定(ding)價(jia)(jia)辦法試行(xing)》、《跨省(sheng)跨區(qu)專(zhuan)項(xiang)工程(cheng)輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)格(ge)定(ding)價(jia)(jia)辦法(試初》《關(guan)于(yu)(yu)制(zhi)定(ding)地方電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)和(he)增量配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)格(ge)的(de)(de)指導意見》（2017年12月）。不到(dao)三年時間，輸(shu)配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)改(gai)(gai)(gai)革頂(ding)(ding)層設計涵(han)蓋(gai)了跨省(sheng)跨區(qu)專(zhuan)項(xiang)工程(cheng)、區(qu)域(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)、省(sheng)級電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)、地方電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)和(he)增量配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)等輸(shu)配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)各個(ge)環(huan)節、全(quan)部(bu)領域(yu)。

基本完成首個監管周期輸配電價核定

省(sheng)級電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)輸配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)，按(an)照準(zhun)(zhun)許(xu)成本(ben)加合理(li)收益(yi)的(de)原則，歷經試(shi)點(dian)破冰、擴圍(wei)提(ti)速到(dao)全(quan)面(mian)(mian)覆蓋，32個省(sheng)級電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)輸配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)核定(ding)工(gong)作全(quan)部完成。區域(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)格(ge)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)，在按(an)“準(zhun)(zhun)許(xu)成本(ben)加合理(li)收益(yi)”核準(zhun)(zhun)準(zhun)(zhun)許(xu)收入的(de)基礎(chu)上，按(an)兩部制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)形式核定(ding)并公布了(le)(le)華(hua)北(bei)、華(hua)東(dong)、華(hua)中、東(dong)北(bei)、西北(bei)區域(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)格(ge)。跨(kua)省(sheng)跨(kua)區輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)格(ge)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)，按(an)經營期(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)法，區分聯網(wang)(wang)功(gong)(gong)能為主（實(shi)行(xing)單一容量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)）與輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功(gong)(gong)能為主（實(shi)行(xing)單一電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)），開展(zhan)新(xin)投產(chan)工(gong)程輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)格(ge)核定(ding)和已核價(jia)(jia)工(gong)程輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)格(ge)復(fu)核調(diao)整(zheng)工(gong)作，調(diao)整(zheng)公布了(le)(le)寧(ning)東(dong)直(zhi)流等專項工(gong)程輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)格(ge)。

初步建立電網企業激勵約束機制

實(shi)行費(fei)(fei)率(lv)(lv)上(shang)限(xian)管(guan)控(kong)機制(zhi)，參考(kao)歷(li)史費(fei)(fei)率(lv)(lv)水平和(he)先進(jin)成本標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)，材料費(fei)(fei)、修理費(fei)(fei)、其他(ta)費(fei)(fei)用(yong)等高(gao)(gao)出上(shang)限(xian)部分(fen)不(bu)(bu)計入輸配(pei)電(dian)價(jia)。強(qiang)化投資約(yue)束機制(zhi)，電(dian)網(wang)投資與電(dian)量增長、負荷增長、供電(dian)可靠性不(bu)(bu)匹配(pei)的(de)(de)成本費(fei)(fei)用(yong)暫不(bu)(bu)予(yu)納入輸配(pei)電(dian)價(jia)。建(jian)立(li)(li)投資定(ding)期校核機制(zhi)，防(fang)止電(dian)網(wang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)虛報(bao)投資，當(dang)電(dian)網(wang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)實(shi)際投資額(e)低(di)于規劃投資額(e)時，對差(cha)額(e)投資對應準(zhun)(zhun)許(xu)(xu)收(shou)(shou)入的(de)(de)70%予(yu)以(yi)扣減，反(fan)之則差(cha)額(e)投資對應的(de)(de)準(zhun)(zhun)許(xu)(xu)收(shou)(shou)入不(bu)(bu)再上(shang)調。建(jian)立(li)(li)成本節約(yue)分(fen)享機制(zhi)，規定(ding)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)實(shi)際借(jie)款利率(lv)(lv)、線(xian)損率(lv)(lv)低(di)于政府(fu)核定(ding)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)，節約(yue)部分(fen)由企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)和(he)用(yong)戶按1:1比例分(fen)享。建(jian)立(li)(li)準(zhun)(zhun)許(xu)(xu)收(shou)(shou)益率(lv)(lv)浮動機制(zhi)，具備條件的(de)(de)地區(qu)允許(xu)(xu)準(zhun)(zhun)許(xu)(xu)收(shou)(shou)益率(lv)(lv)根(gen)據電(dian)網(wang)的(de)(de)資產(chan)實(shi)際利用(yong)率(lv)(lv)、供電(dian)可靠性及服(fu)務質量相應上(shang)下浮動。通過(guo)引入激勵性管(guan)制(zhi)理念，調動電(dian)網(wang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)加強(qiang)管(guan)理、降低(di)成本、提高(gao)(gao)效率(lv)(lv)、改進(jin)服(fu)務。

有效促進各方適應改革能力提升

通過成(cheng)本(ben)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)審(shen)和(he)(he)(he)輸(shu)(shu)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)核(he)(he)定(ding)，促進(jin)(jin)了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)企業(ye)建立健全輸(shu)(shu)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)成(cheng)本(ben)歸(gui)(gui)集體系，準確記(ji)錄和(he)(he)(he)合理歸(gui)(gui)集輸(shu)(shu)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)成(cheng)本(ben)費(fei)用數(shu)據，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)企業(ye)為適(shi)應改(gai)革也(ye)積(ji)極做好電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)規劃(hua)、投(tou)資(zi)、財(cai)務等方面與輸(shu)(shu)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)銜接，主(zhu)動提(ti)升(sheng)適(shi)應改(gai)革和(he)(he)(he)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管的(de)(de)能力(li)。初步建立政府(fu)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管長效機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)，鍛煉了專業(ye)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管隊(dui)伍，形(xing)成(cheng)了成(cheng)本(ben)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)審(shen)基礎(chu)上(shang)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)核(he)(he)定(ding)、批(pi)復、公布等制(zhi)(zhi)度規則(ze)和(he)(he)(he)操作流程；財(cai)政部(bu)出臺《企業(ye)產品成(cheng)本(ben)核(he)(he)算制(zhi)(zhi)度——電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)經(jing)營行(xing)業(ye)》，及時規范電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)經(jing)營行(xing)業(ye)產品成(cheng)本(ben)核(he)(he)算行(xing)為；監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管部(bu)門建立電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)經(jing)營企業(ye)和(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)信息定(ding)期(qi)報(bao)告制(zhi)(zhi)度，要(yao)求(qiu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)企業(ye)按月、按年報(bao)送輸(shu)(shu)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)執行(xing)情況(kuang)和(he)(he)(he)企業(ye)經(jing)營情況(kuang)信息，監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管部(bu)門據此可以對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)企業(ye)的(de)(de)投(tou)資(zi)、生產、運(yun)營數(shu)據進(jin)(jin)行(xing)定(ding)期(qi)核(he)(he)查。

有力釋放輸配電價改革紅利

一(yi)方面，通(tong)過輸配電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)改(gai)革，推動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力市(shi)場(chang)交(jiao)易(yi)。2015年全(quan)國(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力直(zhi)接交(jiao)易(yi)4300億(yi)千(qian)瓦(wa)時，降(jiang)低用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)費用(yong)200多(duo)億(yi)元(yuan)。2016年全(quan)國(guo)市(shi)場(chang)化(hua)交(jiao)易(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量突破1萬(wan)億(yi)千(qian)瓦(wa)時，降(jiang)低用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)費用(yong)500多(duo)億(yi)元(yuan)。2017年市(shi)場(chang)化(hua)交(jiao)易(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量1.6萬(wan)億(yi)千(qian)瓦(wa)時，改(gai)革紅利進一(yi)步釋放。另一(yi)方面，通(tong)過輸配電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)核(he)(he)定擠掉不合理“水分(fen)”，直(zhi)接降(jiang)低各層(ceng)級(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)輸配電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)標準(zhun)(zhun)，僅省(sheng)級(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)輸配電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)改(gai)革就核(he)(he)減(jian)32個省(sheng)級(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)準(zhun)(zhun)許收入約480億(yi)元(yuan)、全(quan)國(guo)平均輸配電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)比原來購銷價(jia)(jia)(jia)差平均每千(qian)瓦(wa)時減(jian)少將(jiang)近一(yi)分(fen)錢。

成功探索順利推進改革的方法路徑

作(zuo)為此輪電(dian)(dian)改率先突破的(de)改革(ge)(ge)(ge)任(ren)務，輸配電(dian)(dian)價改革(ge)(ge)(ge)經驗彌足珍貴。此次輸配電(dian)(dian)價改革(ge)(ge)(ge)遵循試點先行、穩妥推(tui)(tui)進(jin)的(de)改革(ge)(ge)(ge)步驟，在(zai)試點中積極探索多種實(shi)踐方式(shi)（如在(zai)成(cheng)(cheng)本監(jian)審(shen)(shen)中試點了(le)本地監(jian)審(shen)(shen)、上(shang)級監(jian)審(shen)(shen)、交(jiao)叉監(jian)審(shen)(shen)三種方式(shi)），在(zai)試點成(cheng)(cheng)功的(de)基礎上(shang)適時擴大試點、果(guo)斷全面(mian)覆(fu)蓋(gai)、有序縱(zong)深推(tui)(tui)進(jin)，在(zai)改革(ge)(ge)(ge)路線圖(tu)上(shang)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)成(cheng)(cheng)功范式(shi)。堅持國家(jia)統(tong)一(yi)指導、地方負(fu)責(ze)實(shi)施的(de)總體(ti)改革(ge)(ge)(ge)策(ce)略，國家(jia)統(tong)一(yi)設(she)計公布頂層制度做到(dao)規則透(tou)明，地方政府(fu)制定上(shang)報實(shi)施方案、允許因地制宜但不能突破大原則，確保執行不跑(pao)偏不走樣，輸配電(dian)(dian)價核定、批(pi)復后(hou)對(dui)外公布接受社(she)會監(jian)督，在(zai)改革(ge)(ge)(ge)方法論上(shang)積累了(le)成(cheng)(cheng)功經驗。

二、當前輸配電價改革的主要問題

改革頂層設計有待完善深化

輸(shu)配(pei)電(dian)價(jia)(jia)改(gai)革(ge)(ge)頂層設計(ji)的(de)(de)(de)“四梁八柱”雖已具(ju)備，但如同房(fang)屋初步(bu)建成(cheng)(cheng)，余(yu)下的(de)(de)(de)內部裝修工程還有不少。已經出臺的(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)配(pei)電(dian)價(jia)(jia)相關辦法側(ce)重于監管(guan)(guan)期開始前的(de)(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)格(ge)核(he)定，雖有效解決了改(gai)革(ge)(ge)盡快啟(qi)動的(de)(de)(de)“眼前急需(xu)”，但對(dui)于監管(guan)(guan)期內和監管(guan)(guan)期結束后的(de)(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)格(ge)調(diao)整多是原(yuan)則性(xing)(xing)規定而缺乏實操(cao)性(xing)(xing)，需(xu)要隨(sui)著改(gai)革(ge)(ge)深(shen)入進一(yi)步(bu)細化。價(jia)(jia)格(ge)核(he)定規則本身也有待完(wan)善之(zhi)處，如《省級(ji)電(dian)網輸(shu)配(pei)電(dian)價(jia)(jia)定價(jia)(jia)辦法（試行）》中沒有具(ju)體說明(ming)基本電(dian)價(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)計(ji)算方(fang)(fang)法。電(dian)價(jia)(jia)政策性(xing)(xing)交(jiao)叉(cha)補貼解決機制尚未理(li)順、補貼數(shu)額尚未厘清(qing)，目前階段通過輸(shu)配(pei)電(dian)價(jia)(jia)回收(shou)，影響輸(shu)配(pei)電(dian)價(jia)(jia)獨立性(xing)(xing)和促進市(shi)場交(jiao)易(yi)作用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)發揮。除分布式發電(dian)“過網費”考慮了交(jiao)易(yi)雙(shuang)方(fang)(fang)所占用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)網資產(chan)和電(dian)氣距離外，其(qi)他市(shi)場化交(jiao)易(yi)的(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)配(pei)電(dian)價(jia)(jia)按郵(you)票法收(shou)取，未能(neng)充分反(fan)映各(ge)類用(yong)戶的(de)(de)(de)實際輸(shu)配(pei)電(dian)成(cheng)(cheng)本。

輸配電價核定結果難言科學合理

輸(shu)配電價(jia)(jia)(jia)核(he)(he)定(ding)在我國屬于新(xin)生事(shi)物(wu)，在世界上(shang)也是監(jian)管(guan)難題。一(yi)方(fang)面(mian)，對歷史成(cheng)本的(de)(de)監(jian)審(shen)(shen)和(he)(he)(he)對未來(lai)成(cheng)本的(de)(de)預測需要財務審(shen)(shen)計(ji)、輸(shu)配電等多(duo)方(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)專業知識、能力(li)(li)和(he)(he)(he)經驗，政府現有監(jian)管(guan)力(li)(li)量和(he)(he)(he)水(shui)平(ping)下(xia)還無法真正做到專業監(jian)審(shen)(shen)、科(ke)學(xue)預測。另一(yi)方(fang)面(mian)，價(jia)(jia)(jia)格核(he)(he)定(ding)需要電網(wang)企(qi)業建(jian)立適應監(jian)管(guan)需要的(de)(de)成(cheng)本歸集和(he)(he)(he)核(he)(he)算機制(zhi)(zhi)，電網(wang)企(qi)業現有成(cheng)本核(he)(he)算制(zhi)(zhi)度和(he)(he)(he)提供的(de)(de)生產經營成(cheng)本（費用）數據還不能完(wan)全滿足(zu)科(ke)學(xue)核(he)(he)價(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)需要。事(shi)實(shi)(shi)上(shang)，作為輸(shu)配電價(jia)(jia)(jia)改(gai)革關鍵環節的(de)(de)省級電網(wang)，首個(ge)監(jian)管(guan)周期輸(shu)配電價(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)核(he)(he)定(ding)從制(zhi)(zhi)度設計(ji)上(shang)考(kao)慮了與(yu)現有購銷價(jia)(jia)(jia)差水(shui)平(ping)的(de)(de)銜(xian)接（如(ru)權(quan)益(yi)資(zi)本收(shou)益(yi)率(lv)(lv)可參考(kao)省級電網(wang)企(qi)業監(jian)管(guan)周期前三(san)年實(shi)(shi)際稅(shui)后凈(jing)資(zi)產收(shou)益(yi)率(lv)(lv)核(he)(he)定(ding)），顯然(ran)這也是主(zhu)客觀(guan)條件限制(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)推進輸(shu)配電價(jia)(jia)(jia)加快(kuai)改(gai)革、推動電力(li)(li)市場加快(kuai)建(jian)設、實(shi)(shi)現新(xin)舊機制(zhi)(zhi)平(ping)穩過(guo)渡的(de)(de)務實(shi)(shi)之舉。

對電網企業激勵約束仍顯不足

現有激勵(li)約(yue)束(shu)(shu)機(ji)制實(shi)(shi)施(shi)難度(du)不(bu)(bu)一，其中與電(dian)量(liang)增(zeng)長、負荷(he)增(zeng)長、供電(dian)可(ke)靠性掛(gua)鉤的投資約(yue)束(shu)(shu)機(ji)制和隨電(dian)網(wang)資產(chan)實(shi)(shi)際利(li)用率、供電(dian)可(ke)靠性、服務質量(liang)上下浮動的準許收益率調整(zheng)機(ji)制實(shi)(shi)施(shi)難度(du)較(jiao)大(da)，可(ke)操作的實(shi)(shi)施(shi)規(gui)則需要在(zai)實(shi)(shi)踐中不(bu)(bu)斷完(wan)善(shan)(shan)。電(dian)網(wang)企業通過激勵(li)性管制增(zeng)加的準許收入(ru)如何使(shi)用分配(pei)沒(mei)有明確，如果其中一部(bu)分不(bu)(bu)能(neng)轉化為電(dian)網(wang)企業職工收入(ru)增(zeng)加，其激勵(li)作用將大(da)打折扣。對(dui)電(dian)網(wang)企業為適應監管而(er)改(gai)革完(wan)善(shan)(shan)內部(bu)成本核算(suan)、資產(chan)管理機(ji)制的激勵(li)約(yue)束(shu)(shu)缺失，而(er)這一點在(zai)改(gai)革初期尤為重要。

各方適應改革能力有待進一步提升

電網企業(ye)預算管理(li)、規劃投(tou)資、資產(chan)運維(wei)、會計核算等(deng)尚未實現(xian)與(yu)準許收入監(jian)管有(you)(you)效銜接，分(fen)(fen)電壓等(deng)級、分(fen)(fen)用(yong)戶類別的(de)(de)資產(chan)費用(yong)尚未實現(xian)精準匹配(pei)，不(bu)適應科(ke)學核定電價、厘清交叉(cha)補貼的(de)(de)需要。地方政府落(luo)實省級電網規劃編制(zhi)主體責任不(bu)到(dao)位，導致規劃對電網投(tou)資的(de)(de)約(yue)束(shu)作(zuo)用(yong)難以有(you)(you)效發揮;監(jian)管部門對電網企業(ye)歷史成本嚴格(ge)(ge)監(jian)審(shen)和(he)有(you)(you)效投(tou)資科(ke)學管控的(de)(de)專業(ye)能(neng)力不(bu)足(zu)，影響和(he)制(zhi)約(yue)電價水(shui)平的(de)(de)科(ke)學合理(li)核定。現(xian)有(you)(you)監(jian)管力量、能(neng)力和(he)手段的(de)(de)有(you)(you)限，遠不(bu)能(neng)適應和(he)滿(man)足(zu)以電網資產(chan)為基(ji)礎對輸配(pei)電收入、成本和(he)價格(ge)(ge)進(jin)行全方位直接監(jian)管的(de)(de)需要。

輸配電價改革紅利釋放還有很大空間

只有參(can)與電(dian)力(li)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)化交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)的電(dian)力(li)用(yong)戶執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)府核定的輸配電(dian)價，其他(ta)電(dian)力(li)用(yong)戶繼續執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)現行(xing)(xing)目錄銷售電(dian)價政(zheng)策。如果把輸配電(dian)價核定比喻為(wei)一(yi)座房子(zi)，如今房子(zi)蓋(gai)好了，只有多住人才能有效發揮房子(zi)功能。但根(gen)據(ju)中電(dian)聯(lian)統計(ji)數據(ju),2017年(nian)全國電(dian)力(li)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)化交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)電(dian)量(liang)占(zhan)全國電(dian)網(wang)銷售電(dian)量(liang)比重（即銷售電(dian)量(liang)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)化率）為(wei)33.5%左右(you)，占(zhan)全社會用(yong)電(dian)量(liang)比重25.9%，電(dian)力(li)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)化交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)規模相對較(jiao)小，市(shi)場(chang)(chang)尚未發揮出(chu)配置資源的決(jue)定性(xing)作用(yong)。電(dian)力(li)現貨(huo)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)尚未啟動運行(xing)(xing)，“無現貨(huo)、不市(shi)場(chang)(chang)”，發現價格(ge)功能無從談起，導致電(dian)力(li)中長期(qi)(qi)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)缺乏市(shi)場(chang)(chang)價格(ge)參(can)考，在一(yi)定程(cheng)度上影響了電(dian)力(li)中長期(qi)(qi)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)化交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)的開(kai)展(zhan)。

地方電網和增量配電網配電價格核定困難不小

地方電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)和增量(liang)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)點多(duo)面廣，麻雀雖小卻五(wu)臟俱全，價(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)核(he)(he)定(ding)(ding)工作量(liang)大，還需考慮與(yu)已(yi)核(he)(he)定(ding)(ding)省(sheng)級電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)輸(shu)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)銜(xian)接配(pei)(pei)合問題(ti)，核(he)(he)定(ding)(ding)工作面臨諸多(duo)挑(tiao)戰(zhan)。由地方政(zheng)府主導(dao)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)制定(ding)(ding)，出于(yu)各自的(de)(de)(de)利益考慮和目標偏好，《關于(yu)制定(ding)(ding)地方電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)和增量(liang)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)指導(dao)意見》有(you)(you)效落地、“照(zhao)樣”執行(xing)問題(ti)值得(de)關注(zhu)。既要保(bao)證(zheng)用戶承(cheng)擔的(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)與(yu)上一級電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)輸(shu)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)之和不高(gao)于(yu)其(qi)直接接入相同電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓等級對應的(de)(de)(de)現行(xing)省(sheng)級電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)輸(shu)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)，又要保(bao)證(zheng)增量(liang)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)項(xiang)目盈利水平，價(jia)(jia)格(ge)(ge)核(he)(he)定(ding)(ding)空間(jian)有(you)(you)限。要求配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)按照(zhao)相同的(de)(de)(de)原則和標準承(cheng)擔政(zheng)策性(xing)交叉(cha)補貼，但交叉(cha)補貼水平尚未(wei)厘(li)清且由與(yu)增量(liang)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)有(you)(you)競爭關系的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)測算申報，由此產生的(de)(de)(de)矛盾需巧妙調和。

三、輸配電價改革下一步措施建議

完善輸配電價核定調整機制

總結(jie)首輪監管(guan)周期(qi)(qi)成本監審和電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)核(he)(he)(he)定實(shi)踐(jian)，以及(ji)通過首個監管(guan)期(qi)(qi)內(nei)的(de)(de)監管(guan)實(shi)踐(jian)，對成本監審和各(ge)層級(ji)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)輸(shu)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)定價(jia)(jia)(jia)制(zhi)度進(jin)行完(wan)善，將(jiang)經過實(shi)踐(jian)檢驗的(de)(de)成功(gong)做法(fa)固化下來并公(gong)之于(yu)(yu)眾，進(jin)一(yi)步增強定價(jia)(jia)(jia)制(zhi)度的(de)(de)系統性、全面(mian)性和操作(zuo)性，用于(yu)(yu)科學指導下一(yi)個監管(guan)周期(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)輸(shu)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)核(he)(he)(he)定工作(zuo)，并待現行定價(jia)(jia)(jia)制(zhi)度有效期(qi)(qi)結(jie)束后修改完(wan)善時(shi)再一(yi)并納入(ru)相關(guan)內(nei)容。需要注意完(wan)善的(de)(de)內(nei)容包括但不限于(yu)(yu)：在省(sheng)級(ji)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)輸(shu)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)核(he)(he)(he)定方(fang)(fang)面(mian)，明(ming)確基(ji)本電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)計(ji)算方(fang)(fang)法(fa)；在省(sheng)級(ji)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)輸(shu)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)調整方(fang)(fang)面(mian)，完(wan)善電(dian)(dian)網(wang)企業各(ge)年準許(xu)收入(ru)和輸(shu)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)平滑處理機制(zhi)、投資定期(qi)(qi)校核(he)(he)(he)機制(zhi)的(de)(de)實(shi)施規則；在區域(yu)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格調整方(fang)(fang)面(mian)，完(wan)善電(dian)(dian)網(wang)企業內(nei)部東西部電(dian)(dian)網(wang)準許(xu)收入(ru)平衡調整規則并監督實(shi)施。

進一步豐富輸配電價形式

在首個監管周期內，發(fa)揮(hui)電(dian)(dian)力市(shi)場發(fa)現價(jia)(jia)格和通過各(ge)種(zhong)價(jia)(jia)格形(xing)式(shi)促進競爭交易的(de)功能，圍(wei)繞(rao)實現輸(shu)(shu)(shu)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)成本在各(ge)類(lei)用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)間(jian)更加公(gong)平合理(li)分(fen)(fen)擔，探索多(duo)種(zhong)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)形(xing)式(shi)，進一(yi)步(bu)反映(ying)各(ge)類(lei)用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)的(de)真實輸(shu)(shu)(shu)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)成本。探索根(gen)據用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)選擇權放開情況，將分(fen)(fen)用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)類(lei)別輸(shu)(shu)(shu)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)擴(kuo)大到居(ju)民和農業用(yong)電(dian)(dian)。探索建立(li)反映(ying)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)負荷特(te)性、輸(shu)(shu)(shu)電(dian)(dian)距離、時間(jian)信號（季節和峰谷分(fen)(fen)時）、位置信號和輸(shu)(shu)(shu)電(dian)(dian)阻塞的(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)形(xing)式(shi)。探索在有(you)條件的(de)地區結合負荷率、峰谷時段(duan)等因素制定輸(shu)(shu)(shu)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)套餐，由電(dian)(dian)力用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)選擇執行。

妥善處理政策性交叉補貼

在(zai)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)改(gai)進分電(dian)(dian)壓等級、分用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)類(lei)別資(zi)產費用(yong)(yong)歸(gui)集核算(suan)，明(ming)晰分電(dian)(dian)壓、分用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)類(lei)別電(dian)(dian)網(wang)成本的(de)(de)(de)基礎上，摸清不同電(dian)(dian)壓等級、不同用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)類(lei)別之間的(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)(jiao)叉補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)貼(tie)(tie)(tie)數額，力爭(zheng)在(zai)第二個監管周期(qi)(qi)內(nei)實現(xian)居(ju)民(min)、農業(ye)(ye)(ye)等享受的(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)(jiao)叉補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)貼(tie)(tie)(tie)以及工商業(ye)(ye)(ye)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)承擔的(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)(jiao)叉補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)貼(tie)(tie)(tie)單列(lie)，增(zeng)強(qiang)輸配電(dian)(dian)價獨立(li)性(xing)。在(zai)首(shou)個監管周期(qi)(qi)內(nei)，堅持(chi)交(jiao)(jiao)叉補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)貼(tie)(tie)(tie)減量化與透(tou)明(ming)化同步，即(ji)使在(zai)沒有完全厘清交(jiao)(jiao)叉補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)貼(tie)(tie)(tie)的(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)下(xia)，也可以通過(guo)提(ti)高居(ju)民(min)電(dian)(dian)價水平(ping)、完善居(ju)民(min)階(jie)梯電(dian)(dian)價、變工商業(ye)(ye)(ye)責任(ren)為(wei)政府(fu)責任(ren)、變暗補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)為(wei)明(ming)補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)等方式，適當提(ti)高居(ju)民(min)、農業(ye)(ye)(ye)等用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)價格水平(ping)，分階(jie)段降低交(jiao)(jiao)叉補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)貼(tie)(tie)(tie)。通過(guo)政府(fu)支(zhi)農、扶貧(pin)、救濟資(zi)金(jin)(jin)等多渠道籌措(cuo)交(jiao)(jiao)叉補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)貼(tie)(tie)(tie)資(zi)金(jin)(jin)，探(tan)索在(zai)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)設立(li)交(jiao)(jiao)叉補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)貼(tie)(tie)(tie)資(zi)金(jin)(jin)專(zhuan)戶(hu)，由電(dian)(dian)網(wang)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)代(dai)實施(shi)交(jiao)(jiao)叉補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)貼(tie)(tie)(tie)明(ming)補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)或(huo)特定用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)電(dian)(dian)費抵扣工作。國家層面要盡快研究提(ti)出妥善處理交(jiao)(jiao)叉補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)貼(tie)(tie)(tie)的(de)(de)(de)政策措(cuo)施(shi)和實施(shi)步驟。

加強對電網企業的激勵約束

鼓勵(li)地(di)方政府積極探索，因(yin)地(di)因(yin)網(wang)(wang)制(zhi)(zhi)宜(yi)設計與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)增長(chang)、負荷(he)增長(chang)、供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)可(ke)靠性(xing)掛(gua)鉤的投資約(yue)束(shu)機制(zhi)(zhi)和隨(sui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)資產實際(ji)利用(yong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)、供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)可(ke)靠性(xing)、服務質量(liang)上下浮動的準許收(shou)益(yi)率(lv)(lv)(lv)調整機制(zhi)(zhi)，對(dui)有效(xiao)(xiao)投資或投資的有效(xiao)(xiao)部分做出界定，對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)企業服務質量(liang)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)可(ke)靠性(xing)等績效(xiao)(xiao)考(kao)核(he)標準、辦法、流(liu)程、掛(gua)鉤兌現機制(zhi)(zhi)等進行明確。隨(sui)著全國碳排(pai)(pai)放市(shi)場(chang)的推廣完善，同步(bu)將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)企業線損率(lv)(lv)(lv)納入(ru)碳排(pai)(pai)放權交(jiao)易，按監管(guan)期內年度平(ping)均線損率(lv)(lv)(lv)折算分配碳排(pai)(pai)放量(liang)配額(e)，激勵(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)企業從(cong)輸配電(dian)(dian)(dian)價和碳市(shi)場(chang)獲取(qu)雙重收(shou)益(yi)。對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)企業因(yin)加(jia)強管(guan)理、降(jiang)低成本、提高效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)、改進服務而增加(jia)的收(shou)益(yi)，允許在用(yong)于企業積累發展(zhan)和增加(jia)職工(gong)收(shou)入(ru)之間合理分配，充(chong)分調動職工(gong)降(jiang)本增效(xiao)(xiao)提質積極性(xing)。

提升電網企業適應監管能力

落實(shi)(shi)《企(qi)業(ye)(ye)產品成(cheng)本(ben)核(he)算制度——電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)經營(ying)行業(ye)(ye)》，規(gui)(gui)范電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)經營(ying)行業(ye)(ye)產品成(cheng)本(ben)核(he)算，促進電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)經營(ying)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)加(jia)強內部管理(li)，實(shi)(shi)現(xian)輸(shu)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)成(cheng)本(ben)分(fen)(fen)(fen)類精細核(he)算基礎上(shang)的(de)真(zhen)實(shi)(shi)、準確(que)、透明，滿足國家輸(shu)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)成(cheng)本(ben)監審和(he)價(jia)格(ge)核(he)定需要。建立電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)分(fen)(fen)(fen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓等級、分(fen)(fen)(fen)用戶(hu)類別(bie)精準核(he)算輸(shu)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)成(cheng)本(ben)的(de)激勵約(yue)束機(ji)制，未在(zai)規(gui)(gui)定時(shi)間內實(shi)(shi)現(xian)精確(que)核(he)算的(de)按(an)照不(bu)利于增(zeng)加(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)準許收入(ru)的(de)原則(ze)進行成(cheng)本(ben)分(fen)(fen)(fen)攤(tan)(tan)(tan)或剔除。鼓勵電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)通過運用物聯網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)、大數據、云(yun)計算、人工(gong)智能(neng)等前沿技術提升適應監管能(neng)力，加(jia)強所(suo)需各類表(biao)計、信息系統投(tou)資(zi)建設(she)，所(suo)需資(zi)金(jin)通過輸(shu)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)回收。在(zai)表(biao)計、信息系統暫不(bu)具備條件情況下，根據企(qi)業(ye)(ye)生產經營(ying)和(he)客(ke)戶(hu)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)實(shi)(shi)際(ji)設(she)計科學(xue)分(fen)(fen)(fen)攤(tan)(tan)(tan)辦法，采用電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)等作為(wei)分(fen)(fen)(fen)攤(tan)(tan)(tan)因子，將輸(shu)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)成(cheng)本(ben)合理(li)分(fen)(fen)(fen)攤(tan)(tan)(tan)至各電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓等級、各類別(bie)用戶(hu)。

加強政府推進改革能力建設

根據輸配電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)改(gai)(gai)革和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)市(shi)場(chang)建設需要(yao)，切實(shi)提升(sheng)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)、電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)、市(shi)場(chang)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)三(san)個核(he)心能(neng)力(li)(li)。強化(hua)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)統籌規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)是(shi)此輪電(dian)(dian)改(gai)(gai)的(de)重點任(ren)務之(zhi)一，省級政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府要(yao)落實(shi)省級電(dian)(dian)網規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)主體責(ze)任(ren)，注意(yi)發揮(hui)專業咨詢(xun)機構(gou)作(zuo)用，在開展(zhan)專業深(shen)入(ru)研究(jiu)基(ji)礎上(shang)做好規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)編(bian)制、評估(gu)與(yu)調(diao)(diao)整，增強省級電(dian)(dian)網規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)的(de)科(ke)(ke)學性(xing)、權(quan)威性(xing)、透明度(du)和(he)(he)公眾參(can)與(yu)度(du)，實(shi)現(xian)規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)中立，促進(jin)增量配電(dian)(dian)有序放開和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)網投資(zi)有效約束(shu)。監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)部(bu)門要(yao)大力(li)(li)培養電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)和(he)(he)市(shi)場(chang)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)專業力(li)(li)量，通(tong)過購買服務引入(ru)第三(san)方專業監(jian)(jian)審和(he)(he)咨詢(xun)機構(gou)，加強監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)信息(xi)系統建設應用，豐富(fu)非(fei)現(xian)場(chang)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)手段，提升(sheng)現(xian)場(chang)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)能(neng)力(li)(li)，持續改(gai)(gai)進(jin)科(ke)(ke)學監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)的(de)經濟(ji)技術措(cuo)施，展(zhan)現(xian)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)的(de)專業化(hua)、透明化(hua)和(he)(he)權(quan)威性(xing)。發揮(hui)輸配電(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)改(gai)(gai)革專項工(gong)作(zuo)組溝通(tong)協調(diao)(diao)作(zuo)用，增強能(neng)源、價(jia)(jia)格、國資(zi)、財政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)等部(bu)門政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策協同性(xing)，形成推動改(gai)(gai)革的(de)頂層合力(li)(li)。

繼續擴大電力市場化交易規模

輸(shu)(shu)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)改革(ge)已經(jing)到(dao)位，如同房子已經(jing)蓋好，下一步要堅(jian)持(chi)邊裝修、邊住人(ren)，爭取(qu)多(duo)住人(ren)、快(kuai)住人(ren)，最大(da)(da)限度、最快(kuai)速度地(di)發(fa)揮房屋(wu)功能。一方(fang)面，通過各種有效(xiao)方(fang)式，擴(kuo)大(da)(da)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)化(hua)(hua)交(jiao)(jiao)易規模(mo)和(he)主(zhu)體(ti)范圍(wei)，放(fang)大(da)(da)輸(shu)(shu)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)改革(ge)成效(xiao)，更多(duo)釋(shi)放(fang)改革(ge)紅利。用戶選擇權未放(fang)開前，擴(kuo)大(da)(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網企業、售電(dian)(dian)(dian)公司代理特定客(ke)戶群體(ti)開展市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)化(hua)(hua)交(jiao)(jiao)易規模(mo)。用經(jing)濟(ji)辦(ban)法、價(jia)格(ge)機制消解市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)壁(bi)壘，加強中央協調和(he)地(di)方(fang)協商，進一步促進跨省(sheng)(sheng)跨區電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)化(hua)(hua)交(jiao)(jiao)易，助力(li)“三棄”問(wen)題解決，促進電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)資源在更大(da)(da)范圍(wei)優化(hua)(hua)配(pei)置(zhi)。推動(dong)跨省(sheng)(sheng)跨區交(jiao)(jiao)易與(yu)各地(di)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)交(jiao)(jiao)易在規則、品種、時(shi)(shi)序(xu)等(deng)方(fang)面銜接(jie)融合。積(ji)極(ji)推進電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)現貨市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)建設(she)，盡快(kuai)啟動(dong)試運行。另一方(fang)面，在市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)交(jiao)(jiao)易中積(ji)極(ji)響應市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)主(zhu)體(ti)訴求，鼓勵各地(di)積(ji)極(ji)探索試點，分析發(fa)現時(shi)(shi)間、位置(zhi)、距離、負荷(he)特性等(deng)因(yin)素對輸(shu)(shu)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)真實(shi)成本的影響。

科學核定地方電網和增量配電網配電價格

按(an)照《關于制定(ding)地(di)方(fang)(fang)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)和增量(liang)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)價(jia)格(ge)(ge)的指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)意見(jian)》，省(sheng)級價(jia)格(ge)(ge)主管部門(men)應抓(zhua)緊研究確定(ding)適合(he)本地(di)的具(ju)體定(ding)價(jia)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)并(bing)向社會(hui)公開(kai)，主動接受社會(hui)監(jian)(jian)督，及時(shi)開(kai)展成(cheng)熟增量(liang)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)項目配(pei)(pei)電(dian)價(jia)格(ge)(ge)核定(ding)試(shi)點，總結核價(jia)經(jing)驗教(jiao)訓，不斷完善核價(jia)辦法(fa)，促進增量(liang)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)業(ye)(ye)務放(fang)開(kai)。堅(jian)持交(jiao)叉(cha)補(bu)貼(tie)邊(bian)厘清、邊(bian)減(jian)量(liang)，在(zai)未(wei)厘清前(qian)(qian)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)測(ce)算(suan)申報的交(jiao)叉(cha)補(bu)貼(tie)要(yao)向社會(hui)公開(kai)測(ce)算(suan)依(yi)據、接受社會(hui)監(jian)(jian)督，在(zai)確定(ding)增量(liang)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)需承(cheng)擔(dan)的交(jiao)叉(cha)補(bu)貼(tie)標準前(qian)(qian)，可(ke)舉行有增量(liang)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)、電(dian)網(wang)(wang)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)、政府部門(men)和專業(ye)(ye)咨詢機構等參加的聽證、座談或質(zhi)詢，確保(bao)增量(liang)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)承(cheng)擔(dan)的交(jiao)叉(cha)補(bu)貼(tie)水平適當合(he)理、公平透明(ming)。經(jing)過一段時(shi)間實踐(jian)檢(jian)驗后(hou)，廣泛征求相關各方(fang)(fang)意見(jian)，適時(shi)修改完善《關于制定(ding)地(di)方(fang)(fang)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)和增量(liang)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)價(jia)格(ge)(ge)的指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)意見(jian)》，增強(qiang)指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)意見(jian)的科學性、可(ke)執行性。