一直以(yi)來政(zheng)府高度重視民(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)經濟和中小企業的發展,近期再次密集提出一系(xi)列(lie)舉(ju)措,來緩解民(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)企業和中小企業融資難(nan)、融資貴。在專家(jia)看來,新一輪支持民(min)(min)營(ying)(ying)經濟和中小企業的融資政(zheng)策將會陸續(xu)出臺,其(qi)中定向降(jiang)準仍是必選。
如是金融研(yan)究院首席研(yan)究員朱(zhu)振鑫對記者表(biao)示,政(zheng)治(zhi)局會議(yi)關于(yu)貨幣政(zheng)策的提法沒有改變,是要松(song)緊適度(du),但考慮到經濟下行壓力趨緩和通脹上行,貨幣政(zheng)策取向將更加謹慎,后(hou)續的寬松(song)力度(du)會邊際(ji)減弱。為(wei)緩解融資難(nan)融資貴問(wen)題,定向降準還是會有,全面(mian)降準可能(neng)會推(tui)遲。
盤古智庫高級(ji)研究員吳琦對(dui)記(ji)者表示(shi),緩解民(min)營(ying)企業(ye)(ye)和小(xiao)微企業(ye)(ye)融資難題,定(ding)向降(jiang)(jiang)準去年以(yi)來多次采用,一定(ding)程度上緩解了民(min)營(ying)企業(ye)(ye)和小(xiao)微企業(ye)(ye)面臨的結(jie)構性信(xin)用緊縮問題。總體來看,今年仍(reng)有一定(ding)降(jiang)(jiang)準空間。但當前經濟下行(xing)壓力趨緩,3月份經濟金(jin)融數據(ju)回暖,而且市場資金(jin)面總體合理充裕(yu),進一步(bu)降(jiang)(jiang)準的必要性有所(suo)降(jiang)(jiang)低。不過(guo),實行(xing)定(ding)向將準等結(jie)構性貨幣(bi)政(zheng)策和信(xin)貸政(zheng)策可能性較大。
近日,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央辦公(gong)廳(ting)、國務院(yuan)辦公(gong)廳(ting)印發(fa)了(le)《關于促進(jin)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)小企(qi)業健康發(fa)展的指導(dao)意(yi)見》,提(ti)(ti)出完善(shan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)小企(qi)業融(rong)資(zi)政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)。進(jin)一步落實普惠(hui)金(jin)融(rong)定(ding)向降準政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce);2月份(fen),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央辦公(gong)廳(ting)、國務院(yuan)辦公(gong)廳(ting)印發(fa)了(le)《關于加強金(jin)融(rong)服務民(min)營企(qi)業的若干意(yi)見》,就著力提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)對民(min)營企(qi)業金(jin)融(rong)服務的針對性和有效性等作出具(ju)體安排。其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)也(ye)提(ti)(ti)出完善(shan)普惠(hui)金(jin)融(rong)定(ding)向降準政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)。
國務院總理李克強4月17日主(zhu)持(chi)召(zhao)開國務院常務會(hui)議指出,抓緊建立對中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)小(xiao)銀行實行較低存款準備金率(lv)的(de)政策(ce)框架,針對融(rong)資(zi)(zi)難(nan)(nan)融(rong)資(zi)(zi)貴(gui)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)在民(min)營(ying)和小(xiao)微(wei)企(qi)業的(de)問題,要(yao)(yao)將釋放的(de)增量資(zi)(zi)金用于民(min)營(ying)和小(xiao)微(wei)企(qi)業貸款;中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央政治局4月19日召(zhao)開會(hui)議,其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)提出要(yao)(yao)有效支持(chi)民(min)營(ying)經濟(ji)和中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)小(xiao)企(qi)業發(fa)展,加快金融(rong)供(gong)給側結構性改革,著力解決融(rong)資(zi)(zi)難(nan)(nan)、融(rong)資(zi)(zi)貴(gui)問題,引(yin)導優勢民(min)營(ying)企(qi)業加快轉(zhuan)型升級。
朱振鑫認為,為解(jie)決金(jin)融(rong)泡沫(mo)消化(hua)期的(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)業融(rong)資(zi)難、融(rong)資(zi)貴等問題,除不斷加(jia)碼民(min)(min)企(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)寬信用(yong)政(zheng)策(ce)、加(jia)強金(jin)融(rong)對民(min)(min)企(qi)(qi)和小(xiao)微企(qi)(qi)業的(de)(de)支(zhi)持(chi)力(li)度外,還應建(jian)立健全市場(chang)化(hua)程度更高、多層次的(de)(de)資(zi)本(ben)市場(chang),完善(shan)為中(zhong)小(xiao)民(min)(min)企(qi)(qi)提(ti)供配(pei)套金(jin)融(rong)服(fu)(fu)務的(de)(de)基礎(chu)設施,提(ti)供全方(fang)位(wei)資(zi)本(ben)市場(chang)融(rong)資(zi)服(fu)(fu)務,有效拓寬中(zhong)小(xiao)民(min)(min)企(qi)(qi)企(qi)(qi)業融(rong)資(zi)渠道,優化(hua)融(rong)資(zi)結構,加(jia)速中(zhong)小(xiao)民(min)(min)企(qi)(qi)資(zi)本(ben)能力(li)成長。
吳琦表示,解(jie)決民營(ying)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)和小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)微(wei)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)融(rong)資難題,關鍵在于提(ti)升金(jin)融(rong)機構服(fu)務(wu)民營(ying)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)和小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)微(wei)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)的意愿(yuan)和能力。一(yi)方(fang)(fang)面,推(tui)動商業(ye)(ye)銀行加(jia)(jia)大(da)對小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)微(wei)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)的貸(dai)款投放(fang),適(shi)度給銀行松綁。比如中(zhong)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)銀行作為(wei)服(fu)務(wu)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)微(wei)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)的主力軍,實行較低存款準備金(jin)率有利(li)于釋放(fang)更(geng)多(duo)增量資金(jin),引導中(zhong)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)銀行加(jia)(jia)大(da)對小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)微(wei)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)的信貸(dai)投放(fang)。另一(yi)方(fang)(fang)面,要加(jia)(jia)快金(jin)融(rong)供給側改(gai)革,優化金(jin)融(rong)體系結構,建立(li)多(duo)層(ceng)次、廣(guang)覆蓋、可持(chi)續的金(jin)融(rong)體系。
吳(wu)琦(qi)表示還需要(yao)大力發(fa)(fa)展直接(jie)融(rong)資(zi)。特別是(shi)對于民營企(qi)業中的(de)(de)科技型(xing)(xing)企(qi)業來說(shuo),以間接(jie)融(rong)資(zi)為主(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)金(jin)融(rong)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)結構難(nan)以支撐經濟轉型(xing)(xing)升(sheng)級,特別是(shi)高新技術企(qi)業為代表的(de)(de)新興產業的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展。間接(jie)融(rong)資(zi)為主(zhu)(zhu)導(dao)的(de)(de)金(jin)融(rong)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)結構不僅導(dao)致(zhi)系統性風險(xian)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)在(zai)銀行(xing)體系內部積累,同時銀行(xing)的(de)(de)低風險(xian)偏好(hao)決定(ding)了其難(nan)以將信貸資(zi)源(yuan)向科技型(xing)(xing)企(qi)業傾斜。