国产精品视频一区二区三区无码,国产午夜精品无码,午夜天堂一区人妻,无遮挡色视频免费观看,中文字幕久热精品视频在线

2月2日，記者在中國電(dian)(dian)力企業聯合會(hui)召開的“2020-2021年(nian)度全(quan)(quan)國電(dian)(dian)力供需形勢分析預(yu)測報告”新(xin)聞發(fa)布(bu)會(hui)上獲悉(xi)，預(yu)計2021年(nian)全(quan)(quan)社會(hui)用電(dian)(dian)量增(zeng)速前高后低，全(quan)(quan)年(nian)增(zeng)長(chang)6%-7%。預(yu)計2021年(nian)全(quan)(quan)國基建(jian)新(xin)增(zeng)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)裝機容量1.8億(yi)千瓦左右，其中非化石(shi)能源發(fa)電(dian)(dian)裝機投產1.4億(yi)千瓦左右。

《預測(ce)報告》預計，2021年全(quan)國電力供(gong)需(xu)總體平衡、局部(bu)地區高(gao)峰時(shi)段電力供(gong)應(ying)偏緊(jin)甚至緊(jin)張。分(fen)區域看，東(dong)北、西北電力供(gong)應(ying)存在富余；華東(dong)電力供(gong)需(xu)平衡；華北電力供(gong)應(ying)偏緊(jin)。

2020年(nian)，全(quan)社(she)會用(yong)(yong)(yong)電量(liang)7.51萬億千瓦時(shi)，同比(bi)增長3.1%，“十(shi)三五”時(shi)期全(quan)社(she)會用(yong)(yong)(yong)電量(liang)年(nian)均(jun)增長5.7%，經(jing)濟運行(xing)穩步復蘇是用(yong)(yong)(yong)電量(liang)增速(su)回(hui)升(sheng)的最主要原(yuan)因(yin)。全(quan)社(she)會用(yong)(yong)(yong)電量(liang)季度增速(su)變化趨勢，反(fan)映(ying)出隨著疫情(qing)得(de)到(dao)有效(xiao)控制以及國(guo)家逆周期調控政策逐步落地，復工復產、復商復市(shi)持續取得(de)明顯成(cheng)效(xiao)，國(guo)民經(jing)濟持續穩定恢復。

此外(wai)，《預測報告》認為，當前，在(zai)國家(jia)加(jia)(jia)快(kuai)構(gou)建以國內(nei)大(da)循環為主(zhu)體、國內(nei)國際雙(shuang)循環相互促進(jin)的新(xin)發(fa)展格局背景下(xia)，在(zai)“中(zhong)國二氧化碳排放力(li)爭2030年前達到峰(feng)值,努力(li)爭取2060年前實(shi)現(xian)碳中(zhong)和”的目標要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)下(xia)，一(yi)方面，電力(li)行業要(yao)保(bao)障電力(li)安全可靠(kao)供(gong)應，以滿足國民(min)經濟發(fa)展目標以及人民(min)生活(huo)用電需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)；另一(yi)方面，電力(li)行業需(xu)加(jia)(jia)快(kuai)清潔低碳供(gong)應結構(gou)轉型進(jin)程，實(shi)現(xian)碳減(jian)排目標。

結合當前電力供(gong)(gong)(gong)需形(xing)勢(shi)和(he)(he)行業(ye)(ye)發展趨勢(shi)，《預測報(bao)告(gao)》建議，加(jia)快和(he)(he)完善碳(tan)市(shi)場(chang)建設，根據碳(tan)達峰、碳(tan)中和(he)(he)要求，完善全(quan)(quan)國(guo)碳(tan)市(shi)場(chang)配(pei)(pei)額(e)分(fen)配(pei)(pei)方(fang)案，科(ke)學測算(suan)全(quan)(quan)國(guo)碳(tan)市(shi)場(chang)發電行業(ye)(ye)配(pei)(pei)額(e)總量(liang)(liang)和(he)(he)基準值。合理統籌各地區配(pei)(pei)額(e)分(fen)配(pei)(pei)，審慎核定各省(sheng)設定的“地區供(gong)(gong)(gong)電配(pei)(pei)額(e)修正(zheng)系數”，用市(shi)場(chang)機制(zhi)(zhi)更好發揮煤(mei)電的兜底(di)保(bao)供(gong)(gong)(gong)和(he)(he)靈活性調節電源作用。完善交易(yi)機制(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)規則，盡快發布中國(guo)核證減排量(liang)(liang)（CCER）抵消機制(zhi)(zhi)，推動發電企(qi)業(ye)(ye)從集(ji)團和(he)(he)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)層面積極參與碳(tan)交易(yi)，實(shi)現(xian)低成本減排和(he)(he)技術創新(xin)。

以下為分析預測報告全文：

2020年，面對(dui)新冠肺(fei)炎疫情巨大沖(chong)擊(ji)和(he)(he)復(fu)(fu)雜嚴(yan)峻的(de)國內外環(huan)境(jing)，電(dian)力(li)(li)行業(ye)堅(jian)決(jue)(jue)貫徹落實黨中央、國務(wu)院決(jue)(jue)策部署，積極推進電(dian)力(li)(li)企業(ye)疫情防控(kong)和(he)(he)復(fu)(fu)工(gong)復(fu)(fu)產，為社會疫情防控(kong)和(he)(he)復(fu)(fu)工(gong)復(fu)(fu)產、復(fu)(fu)商復(fu)(fu)市(shi)提供堅(jian)強電(dian)力(li)(li)保障；四季度電(dian)力(li)(li)消費實現較快(kuai)增長，經濟社會發(fa)展對(dui)電(dian)力(li)(li)的(de)消費需求已(yi)恢復(fu)(fu)常態(tai)。

一、2020年全國電力供需情況

（一）電(dian)力消(xiao)費需求情況

2020年(nian)，全(quan)社(she)會(hui)用(yong)(yong)電量(liang)7.51萬億千瓦時(shi)，同比增長3.1%，“十(shi)三(san)五”時(shi)期(qi)全(quan)社(she)會(hui)用(yong)(yong)電量(liang)年(nian)均增長5.7%。2020年(nian)，各季(ji)度(du)全(quan)社(she)會(hui)用(yong)(yong)電量(liang)增速(su)(su)分(fen)別為(wei)-6.5%、3.9%、5.8%、8.1%，經(jing)濟運行穩步復蘇是用(yong)(yong)電量(liang)增速(su)(su)回升的最主要原因。全(quan)社(she)會(hui)用(yong)(yong)電量(liang)季(ji)度(du)增速(su)(su)變化趨勢，反映出隨著疫(yi)情得到(dao)有效(xiao)控制以及國家(jia)逆周期(qi)調控政策逐步落地，復工復產、復商復市(shi)持續取得明(ming)顯成(cheng)效(xiao)，國民經(jing)濟持續穩定恢復。

一是第(di)一產(chan)業(ye)(ye)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)同比(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長10.2%，連續三個季度增(zeng)(zeng)速超過10%。2020年，第(di)一產(chan)業(ye)(ye)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)859億(yi)千(qian)瓦(wa)時，同比(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長10.2%，各(ge)季度增(zeng)(zeng)速分別(bie)為4.0%、11.9%、11.6%和(he)12.0%。第(di)一產(chan)業(ye)(ye)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)的快(kuai)速增(zeng)(zeng)長主要是近年來(lai)國家(jia)加大農網改造升級力度，村村通動(dong)力電(dian)(dian)，鄉村用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)條件持續改善，電(dian)(dian)力逐步(bu)代替人(ren)力和(he)畜(chu)力，電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機代替柴油機，以及持續深入(ru)推進(jin)脫(tuo)貧攻堅戰，帶動(dong)鄉村發展，促進(jin)第(di)一產(chan)業(ye)(ye)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)潛力釋放。

二(er)是第(di)二(er)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)用電(dian)量(liang)同(tong)比(bi)增長(chang)(chang)2.5%，高(gao)(gao)技術及(ji)裝備(bei)(bei)制(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)用電(dian)量(liang)增速(su)(su)(su)連續(xu)兩(liang)個季度(du)(du)超過10%。2020年(nian)，第(di)二(er)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)用電(dian)量(liang)5.12萬(wan)億千瓦(wa)時，同(tong)比(bi)增長(chang)(chang)2.5%，各季度(du)(du)增速(su)(su)(su)分(fen)別(bie)為-8.8%、3.3%、5.8%、7.6%，復工復產(chan)持(chi)續(xu)推進拉動(dong)各季度(du)(du)增速(su)(su)(su)持(chi)續(xu)回升。2020年(nian)，制(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)用電(dian)量(liang)增長(chang)(chang)2.9%，其(qi)中(zhong)，高(gao)(gao)技術及(ji)裝備(bei)(bei)制(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)、四(si)大高(gao)(gao)載能(neng)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)、其(qi)他制(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)、消費品(pin)制(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)用電(dian)量(liang)增速(su)(su)(su)分(fen)別(bie)為4.0%、3.6%、3.3%、-1.8%。三、四(si)季度(du)(du)，高(gao)(gao)技術及(ji)裝備(bei)(bei)制(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)用電(dian)量(liang)增速(su)(su)(su)分(fen)別(bie)為10.8%、11.9%，是當前工業(ye)(ye)(ye)高(gao)(gao)質(zhi)量(liang)發展(zhan)中(zhong)展(zhan)現出來的一大亮(liang)點(dian)。

三(san)(san)是第(di)三(san)(san)產業用(yong)電(dian)量同(tong)比(bi)增長1.9%，信(xin)息傳輸(shu)/軟(ruan)件和(he)信(xin)息技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)業用(yong)電(dian)量持續高速(su)(su)(su)增長。2020年，第(di)三(san)(san)產業用(yong)電(dian)量1.21萬億千(qian)瓦時，同(tong)比(bi)增長1.9%，各季度增速(su)(su)(su)分別(bie)為-8.3%、0.5%、5.9%、8.4%，隨著復商復市的持續推(tui)(tui)進，第(di)三(san)(san)產業用(yong)電(dian)量增速(su)(su)(su)逐季上升。2020年，信(xin)息傳輸(shu)/軟(ruan)件和(he)信(xin)息技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)業用(yong)電(dian)量同(tong)比(bi)增長23.9%，得(de)益于大數據、云計算、物聯網等(deng)新技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)快速(su)(su)(su)推(tui)(tui)廣應(ying)用(yong)，并促進在線(xian)辦公、生(sheng)活服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)平臺、文化(hua)娛(yu)樂(le)、在線(xian)教育(yu)等(deng)線(xian)上產業的高速(su)(su)(su)增長。

四是城鄉居(ju)民(min)生活(huo)用(yong)電量同比增(zeng)長6.9%，四季度(du)用(yong)電量快速增(zeng)長。2020年，城鄉居(ju)民(min)生活(huo)用(yong)電量1.09萬億千瓦時，同比增(zeng)長6.9%，各(ge)季度(du)增(zeng)速分別為3.5%、10.6%、5.0%、10.0%，四季度(du)居(ju)民(min)生活(huo)用(yong)電量再(zai)次實(shi)現快速增(zeng)長，主要是12月份(fen)低溫天(tian)氣因(yin)素(su)拉(la)動(dong)采暖負荷及電量快速增(zeng)長。

五是西部地(di)區用(yong)電增(zeng)速(su)領先，全國(guo)有27個(ge)(ge)省(sheng)份(fen)(fen)用(yong)電量為正增(zeng)長。2020年，東、中、西部和東北地(di)區全社會用(yong)電量增(zeng)速(su)分別(bie)為2.1%、2.4%、5.6%、1.6%。全國(guo)共有27個(ge)(ge)省(sheng)份(fen)(fen)用(yong)電量為正增(zeng)長，其中，云南、四川、甘肅、內蒙(meng)古、西藏(zang)、廣(guang)西、江(jiang)西、安(an)徽等8個(ge)(ge)省(sheng)份(fen)(fen)增(zeng)速(su)超過5%。

（二(er)）電力生產供應(ying)情況(kuang)

截至2020年(nian)(nian)底，全(quan)(quan)國全(quan)(quan)口(kou)徑發(fa)電(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)容(rong)量22.0億千瓦(wa)，同比增長9.5%；“十三五(wu)”時(shi)(shi)期(qi)，全(quan)(quan)國全(quan)(quan)口(kou)徑發(fa)電(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)容(rong)量年(nian)(nian)均增長7.6%，其中非化石(shi)能源裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)年(nian)(nian)均增長13.1%，占(zhan)總(zong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)容(rong)量比重(zhong)(zhong)從(cong)2015年(nian)(nian)底的(de)34.8%上(shang)升至2020年(nian)(nian)底的(de)44.8%，提(ti)升10個(ge)百(bai)(bai)分(fen)(fen)點(dian)；煤(mei)電(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)容(rong)量年(nian)(nian)均增速為(wei)3.7%，占(zhan)總(zong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)容(rong)量比重(zhong)(zhong)從(cong)2015年(nian)(nian)底的(de)59.0%下降至2020年(nian)(nian)底的(de)49.1%。2020年(nian)(nian)，全(quan)(quan)國全(quan)(quan)口(kou)徑發(fa)電(dian)(dian)量為(wei)7.62萬億千瓦(wa)時(shi)(shi)，同比增長4.0%；“十三五(wu)”時(shi)(shi)期(qi)，全(quan)(quan)國全(quan)(quan)口(kou)徑發(fa)電(dian)(dian)量年(nian)(nian)均增長5.8%，其中非化石(shi)能源發(fa)電(dian)(dian)量年(nian)(nian)均增長10.6%，占(zhan)總(zong)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)量比重(zhong)(zhong)從(cong)2015年(nian)(nian)的(de)27.2%上(shang)升至2020年(nian)(nian)的(de)33.9%，提(ti)升6.7個(ge)百(bai)(bai)分(fen)(fen)點(dian)；煤(mei)電(dian)(dian)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)量年(nian)(nian)均增速為(wei)3.5%，占(zhan)總(zong)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)量比重(zhong)(zhong)從(cong)2015年(nian)(nian)的(de)67.9%下降至2020年(nian)(nian)的(de)60.8%，降低(di)7.1個(ge)百(bai)(bai)分(fen)(fen)點(dian)。

一(yi)是電(dian)力(li)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)同(tong)比(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長9.6%，非化石能(neng)源投(tou)資(zi)(zi)快速增(zeng)(zeng)長。2020年，納入(ru)行業投(tou)資(zi)(zi)統計體系的主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)電(dian)力(li)企(qi)業合計完成(cheng)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)9944億(yi)元，同(tong)比(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長9.6%。電(dian)源工(gong)程(cheng)建設(she)完成(cheng)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)5244億(yi)元，同(tong)比(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長29.2%，其(qi)中風電(dian)、太陽能(neng)發電(dian)、水電(dian)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)分別增(zeng)(zeng)長70.6%、66.4%、19.0%；電(dian)網(wang)(wang)工(gong)程(cheng)建設(she)完成(cheng)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)4699億(yi)元，同(tong)比(bi)(bi)下降6.2%，主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)因電(dian)網(wang)(wang)企(qi)業提前一(yi)年完成(cheng)國家(jia)新一(yi)輪農網(wang)(wang)改造升級任務，占電(dian)網(wang)(wang)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)比(bi)(bi)重達44.3%的35千(qian)伏及(ji)以下電(dian)網(wang)(wang)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)同(tong)比(bi)(bi)下降20.2%。

二是(shi)煤(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)占(zhan)總裝(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)比(bi)重(zhong)首次(ci)低于50%，新增并網風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)規(gui)模(mo)創歷(li)史新高(gao)(gao)。2020年，全(quan)(quan)(quan)國(guo)新增發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)19087萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)，同比(bi)增加8587萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)，其中新增并網風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、太(tai)陽能發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)分(fen)別為7167萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)和4820萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)，新增并網風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)規(gui)模(mo)創歷(li)史新高(gao)(gao)。截至2020年底(di)，全(quan)(quan)(quan)國(guo)全(quan)(quan)(quan)口(kou)徑(jing)水(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)3.7億千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)、火電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)12.5億千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)、核電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)4989萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)、并網風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)2.8億千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)、并網太(tai)陽能發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)2.5億千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)。全(quan)(quan)(quan)國(guo)全(quan)(quan)(quan)口(kou)徑(jing)非化石能源發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)合計(ji)9.8億千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)，占(zhan)全(quan)(quan)(quan)口(kou)徑(jing)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)的(de)比(bi)重(zhong)為44.8%，比(bi)上年底(di)提高(gao)(gao)2.8個百分(fen)點。全(quan)(quan)(quan)口(kou)徑(jing)煤(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)10.8億千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)，占(zhan)總裝(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)的(de)比(bi)重(zhong)為49.1%，首次(ci)降至50%以下。

三(san)是并網(wang)風電(dian)(dian)、太陽能(neng)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)快速增(zeng)長(chang)。2020年，全國全口(kou)徑(jing)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)增(zeng)長(chang)4.0%。其中，水電(dian)(dian)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)1.36萬億(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)時，同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)增(zeng)長(chang)4.1%；火電(dian)(dian)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)5.17萬億(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)時，同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)增(zeng)長(chang)2.5%；核(he)電(dian)(dian)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)3662億(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)時，同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)增(zeng)長(chang)5.0%。并網(wang)風電(dian)(dian)和并網(wang)太陽能(neng)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)分(fen)別(bie)為(wei)4665、2611億(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)時，同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)分(fen)別(bie)增(zeng)長(chang)15.1%和16.6%。全國全口(kou)徑(jing)非化石(shi)能(neng)源發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)2.58萬億(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)時，同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)增(zeng)長(chang)7.9%，占全國全口(kou)徑(jing)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)的比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)重(zhong)為(wei)33.9%，同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)提高1.2個百分(fen)點。全國全口(kou)徑(jing)煤電(dian)(dian)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)4.63萬億(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)時，同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)增(zeng)長(chang)1.7%，占全國全口(kou)徑(jing)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)的比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)重(zhong)為(wei)60.8%，同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)降(jiang)低1.4個百分(fen)點。

四是水電(dian)(dian)、核電(dian)(dian)設(she)備(bei)(bei)利用(yong)(yong)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)同(tong)(tong)比(bi)提(ti)高。2020年(nian)，全國發電(dian)(dian)設(she)備(bei)(bei)平均(jun)利用(yong)(yong)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)3758小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，同(tong)(tong)比(bi)降低(di)70小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。其中(zhong)，水電(dian)(dian)設(she)備(bei)(bei)利用(yong)(yong)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)3827小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，歷年(nian)來首次突破3800小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，同(tong)(tong)比(bi)提(ti)高130小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)；核電(dian)(dian)設(she)備(bei)(bei)利用(yong)(yong)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)7453小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，同(tong)(tong)比(bi)提(ti)高59小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)；火電(dian)(dian)設(she)備(bei)(bei)利用(yong)(yong)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)4216小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，同(tong)(tong)比(bi)降低(di)92小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，其中(zhong)煤電(dian)(dian)4340小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，同(tong)(tong)比(bi)降低(di)89小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)；并網風電(dian)(dian)設(she)備(bei)(bei)利用(yong)(yong)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為2073小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，同(tong)(tong)比(bi)降低(di)10小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)；太陽能發電(dian)(dian)設(she)備(bei)(bei)利用(yong)(yong)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)1281小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，同(tong)(tong)比(bi)降低(di)10小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。

五是(shi)跨區送電量(liang)(liang)同比(bi)增長13.4%。2020年，全國(guo)完成(cheng)跨區送電量(liang)(liang)6130億(yi)千瓦(wa)時(shi)，同比(bi)增長13.4%，各季度(du)增速(su)(su)分(fen)別為6.8%、11.7%、17.0%、15.3%。全國(guo)跨省送電量(liang)(liang)15362億(yi)千瓦(wa)時(shi)，同比(bi)增長6.4%，各季度(du)增速(su)(su)分(fen)別為-5.2%、5.9%、9.9%、12.3%。

六是(shi)市場(chang)交易(yi)(yi)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)同比(bi)(bi)增長11.7%，交易(yi)(yi)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)占全社(she)會(hui)用電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)比(bi)(bi)重(zhong)(zhong)同比(bi)(bi)提高。2020年，全國各(ge)電(dian)(dian)力交易(yi)(yi)中心累計(ji)組織(zhi)完成市場(chang)交易(yi)(yi)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)31663億千瓦時，同比(bi)(bi)增長11.7%；其中，全國電(dian)(dian)力市場(chang)中長期(qi)電(dian)(dian)力直接交易(yi)(yi)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)合計(ji)為(wei)24760億千瓦時，同比(bi)(bi)增長13.7%，占全社(she)會(hui)用電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)比(bi)(bi)重(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)32.9%，同比(bi)(bi)提高2.8個(ge)百分點(dian)。

七(qi)是四(si)季度(du)電(dian)煤(mei)供(gong)應偏緊，電(dian)煤(mei)市場(chang)價(jia)格持續(xu)攀(pan)升。受(shou)經濟回暖及低溫寒流影響，四(si)季度(du)電(dian)煤(mei)需求大幅增加，電(dian)煤(mei)供(gong)應偏緊，推高電(dian)煤(mei)市場(chang)價(jia)格。根據中國沿海電(dian)煤(mei)采購價(jia)格指數（CECI沿海指數）顯示，10月份市場(chang)電(dian)煤(mei)價(jia)格進入“紅色區間”后持續(xu)攀(pan)升。

（三）全國電力供需情(qing)況(kuang)

2020年(nian)，全國電(dian)力供(gong)(gong)需(xu)總(zong)體(ti)平(ping)衡(heng)，部分地區(qu)(qu)有(you)余，局部地區(qu)(qu)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)高(gao)(gao)峰(feng)(feng)時(shi)段電(dian)力供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)偏(pian)緊，疫(yi)(yi)情防控期(qi)間(jian)電(dian)力供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)充足可靠(kao)，為社會疫(yi)(yi)情防控和國民經(jing)濟發(fa)展提供(gong)(gong)堅強電(dian)力保障。分區(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)看，東北、西(xi)北區(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)電(dian)力供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)能力富余，華北、華東、南(nan)方(fang)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)電(dian)力供(gong)(gong)需(xu)總(zong)體(ti)平(ping)衡(heng)，華中區(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)高(gao)(gao)峰(feng)(feng)時(shi)段電(dian)力供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)偏(pian)緊。分省份看，迎(ying)峰(feng)(feng)度(du)夏期(qi)間(jian)，湖南(nan)、四川等(deng)少數電(dian)網(wang)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)高(gao)(gao)峰(feng)(feng)時(shi)段采取(qu)(qu)了有(you)序用(yong)(yong)電(dian)措施；迎(ying)峰(feng)(feng)度(du)冬(dong)期(qi)間(jian)，湖南(nan)、江西(xi)、廣西(xi)以及內(nei)蒙(meng)古西(xi)部電(dian)網(wang)等(deng)少數電(dian)網(wang)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)高(gao)(gao)峰(feng)(feng)時(shi)段電(dian)力供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)緊張，采取(qu)(qu)了有(you)序用(yong)(yong)電(dian)措施。

二、2021年全國電力供需形勢預測

（一(yi)）2021年(nian)全社會用(yong)電量增(zeng)長6%-7%

2021年(nian)(nian)，是我國(guo)實施“十(shi)四五”規劃開局之年(nian)(nian)、全(quan)面建(jian)設社會主義(yi)現代(dai)化國(guo)家(jia)新征程開啟之年(nian)(nian)。在新的(de)國(guo)內外(wai)環境形勢下，我國(guo)面臨(lin)的(de)機遇與挑戰并存，綜合考慮(lv)國(guo)內外(wai)經濟(ji)形勢、電能替(ti)代(dai)、上年(nian)(nian)低基數等因素，以及疫情和(he)外(wai)部環境存在的(de)不確(que)定性(xing)，預計2021年(nian)(nian)全(quan)社會用電量增(zeng)速前高后(hou)低，全(quan)年(nian)(nian)增(zeng)長6%-7%。

（二）非(fei)化石能源發電裝機(ji)比重繼續提高

預計(ji)2021年全國(guo)基建新(xin)增(zeng)發(fa)電(dian)裝(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)1.8億(yi)千瓦(wa)左(zuo)右(you)，其中非(fei)(fei)化(hua)石能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)電(dian)裝(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)投產(chan)1.4億(yi)千瓦(wa)左(zuo)右(you)。預計(ji)2021年底全國(guo)發(fa)電(dian)裝(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)23.7億(yi)千瓦(wa)，同比增(zeng)長7.7%左(zuo)右(you)。非(fei)(fei)化(hua)石能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)電(dian)裝(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)達到11.2億(yi)千瓦(wa)左(zuo)右(you)，占總裝(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)比重(zhong)上升至47.3%，比2020年底提高(gao)2.5個百(bai)分點左(zuo)右(you)。風電(dian)和太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)發(fa)電(dian)裝(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)比重(zhong)比2020年底提高(gao)3個百(bai)分點左(zuo)右(you)，對(dui)電(dian)力系(xi)統靈活性調節能(neng)(neng)力的需求進一步(bu)增(zeng)加。

（三）全國(guo)電(dian)力供需(xu)總體平衡，局部地區電(dian)力供應偏緊

預計(ji)2021年全國(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)需(xu)總體平(ping)衡、局部地區高峰(feng)時段(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)偏緊(jin)(jin)甚(shen)至緊(jin)(jin)張(zhang)。分區域看，東(dong)北(bei)、西(xi)北(bei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)存(cun)在富(fu)余；華東(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)需(xu)平(ping)衡；華北(bei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)偏緊(jin)(jin)，其中(zhong)，河北(bei)和山東(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)偏緊(jin)(jin)，通(tong)過跨省區電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)支援，可基本保障電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)，內蒙(meng)古西(xi)部電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)偏緊(jin)(jin)，在風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)出力(li)(li)(li)(li)銳減時，多個月(yue)份將可能需(xu)要采取有序(xu)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)措施；華中(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)需(xu)緊(jin)(jin)張(zhang)，主要是湖南用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)高峰(feng)時段(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)緊(jin)(jin)張(zhang)，極端氣候情(qing)況(kuang)下湖北(bei)、江西(xi)可能出現(xian)一定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)缺口；南方區域電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)需(xu)緊(jin)(jin)張(zhang)，其中(zhong)，廣東(dong)、云南、廣西(xi)均存(cun)在較大(da)錯峰(feng)限電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)風險。

三、有關建議

當前(qian)，在(zai)國家加(jia)快(kuai)構(gou)建(jian)(jian)以國內(nei)大循(xun)環為主體、國內(nei)國際雙(shuang)循(xun)環相(xiang)互(hu)促進的新發(fa)展格局背景下(xia)，在(zai)“中國二(er)氧化(hua)碳(tan)排放(fang)力(li)(li)爭(zheng)(zheng)2030年前(qian)達到峰值,努力(li)(li)爭(zheng)(zheng)取2060年前(qian)實(shi)現碳(tan)中和”的目(mu)(mu)標要求下(xia)，一方面，電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)行業要保障電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)安全可靠供應(ying)，以滿足國民經(jing)濟發(fa)展目(mu)(mu)標以及人民生活用電(dian)(dian)(dian)需求；另(ling)一方面，電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)行業需加(jia)快(kuai)清潔低碳(tan)供應(ying)結(jie)構(gou)轉型(xing)進程，實(shi)現碳(tan)減排目(mu)(mu)標。結(jie)合當前(qian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)供需形(xing)勢(shi)和行業發(fa)展趨勢(shi)，提出如下(xia)建(jian)(jian)議：

（一）保障電(dian)力供需(xu)平(ping)衡(heng)和安全穩定運行

2020年入冬(dong)以來，受宏觀經濟持續回暖以及(ji)低溫寒潮天氣(qi)等(deng)多重因素疊加影響(xiang)，電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)消費需求快速增長，部(bu)分省份在用(yong)電(dian)(dian)高峰時段電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)供應(ying)緊張(zhang)，出現(xian)有序用(yong)電(dian)(dian)現(xian)象(xiang)。為(wei)保(bao)障電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)安全可(ke)靠供應(ying)，就(jiu)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)燃(ran)料供應(ying)、電(dian)(dian)網結構、需求響(xiang)應(ying)等(deng)方(fang)面提(ti)出以下建議：

一(yi)是(shi)保(bao)障電力(li)(li)燃料供(gong)應(ying)。切(qie)實落實國(guo)家關于(yu)煤(mei)炭(tan)的(de)(de)保(bao)供(gong)穩(wen)價措施(shi)。增(zeng)(zeng)加國(guo)內煤(mei)炭(tan)供(gong)應(ying)，對于(yu)安全條(tiao)件好(hao)且具(ju)備(bei)生產(chan)能力(li)(li)的(de)(de)煤(mei)礦，在保(bao)供(gong)的(de)(de)關鍵時期按照(zhao)最大產(chan)能安排生產(chan)計劃(hua)。繼續(xu)加大先進(jin)產(chan)能的(de)(de)釋(shi)放力(li)(li)度，進(jin)一(yi)步增(zeng)(zeng)加國(guo)內煤(mei)炭(tan)產(chan)能儲(chu)備(bei)，以應(ying)對經(jing)濟(ji)持續(xu)復蘇以及(ji)季節性氣候變化等(deng)對煤(mei)炭(tan)消費需求的(de)(de)增(zeng)(zeng)加。進(jin)一(yi)步增(zeng)(zeng)加進(jin)口煤(mei)配額(e)指標，允(yun)許異(yi)地報關，加速通關放行(xing)(xing)，快(kuai)速有(you)效補充國(guo)內供(gong)應(ying)，釋(shi)放有(you)利(li)于(yu)市場穩(wen)定(ding)的(de)(de)信號(hao)。加大電煤(mei)中(zhong)長期合(he)同履(lv)約執行(xing)(xing)監管力(li)(li)度，對于(yu)故意不履(lv)行(xing)(xing)或少履(lv)行(xing)(xing)電煤(mei)中(zhong)長期合(he)同等(deng)行(xing)(xing)為要(yao)按照(zhao)有(you)關規定(ding)嚴肅查(cha)處(chu)。

二是進一步優化電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)運(yun)行方式(shi)，強化電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)風(feng)險預控。密(mi)切跟蹤經(jing)濟走(zou)勢、電(dian)(dian)(dian)力需求、天氣變(bian)化合理安(an)排電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)運(yun)行方式(shi)，加強電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)運(yun)行方式(shi)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)量平衡協調。推動建立跨(kua)省(sheng)(sheng)跨(kua)區(qu)備用(yong)輔(fu)助服務(wu)市場(chang)，強化跨(kua)省(sheng)(sheng)跨(kua)區(qu)交易組織保障，充分(fen)應(ying)用(yong)跨(kua)區(qu)跨(kua)省(sheng)(sheng)輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)通道(dao)能力。對各種情形下電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能力進行風(feng)險評估，并根(gen)據(ju)結果制(zhi)定合理的解決(jue)措施。

三(san)是加快構建大規模源(yuan)網(wang)荷(he)(he)儲友好(hao)互動(dong)系統。加強源(yuan)網(wang)荷(he)(he)儲協同互動(dong)，對(dui)電力柔(rou)(rou)性(xing)負荷(he)(he)進行策(ce)略(lve)引導和集中(zhong)控(kong)制，充分(fen)利(li)用(yong)用(yong)戶側資源(yuan)，化解短時電力供需矛(mao)盾。通過源(yuan)網(wang)荷(he)(he)儲協同互動(dong)的(de)整體(ti)解決(jue)方(fang)案，增(zeng)強電網(wang)柔(rou)(rou)性(xing)調節能(neng)力，并基于柔(rou)(rou)性(xing)輸電技術加強電網(wang)彈性(xing)，提升對(dui)特大自然(ran)災害、事故災難(nan)等極端情況的(de)承受和恢復(fu)能(neng)力。

（二(er)）推進能源(yuan)電力(li)供應結構低(di)碳(tan)轉型

“十四五”是(shi)國家(jia)構(gou)建(jian)新發展(zhan)格局和能(neng)源電力結構(gou)轉型(xing)的關鍵期(qi)，為(wei)保(bao)障實現國家(jia)碳(tan)排放目標(biao)，促進電力行業低碳(tan)轉型(xing)，就(jiu)規(gui)劃制定、電源發展(zhan)、用能(neng)終端等方面提出以下建(jian)議：

一是堅持系統(tong)觀念，統(tong)籌規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃電(dian)(dian)力(li)行業(ye)各環節有序發展(zhan)。統(tong)籌考慮各類電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)中長期規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃、網源(yuan)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃以及電(dian)(dian)力(li)行業(ye)內部產業(ye)鏈條的緊密接續，將國家(jia)清潔能源(yuan)戰略更好融入電(dian)(dian)力(li)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃頂層設計，推(tui)動(dong)電(dian)(dian)力(li)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃從供(gong)應側(ce)(ce)、輸電(dian)(dian)網向配(pei)網側(ce)(ce)、用戶端延伸(shen)。在用戶側(ce)(ce)和(he)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)網緊密耦合的趨勢下，以客戶需求為(wei)導向，通過開展(zhan)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)網差(cha)異化規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃來滿足終(zhong)端用能需求。

二是推(tui)(tui)動煤(mei)電(dian)(dian)發電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)盡早達峰。統籌有序推(tui)(tui)進煤(mei)電(dian)(dian)規(gui)劃實施，有力(li)發揮電(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統煤(mei)電(dian)(dian)保底的(de)(de)支撐(cheng)作(zuo)用。根據(ju)區域煤(mei)電(dian)(dian)機組的(de)(de)特點以(yi)及(ji)在系(xi)統調(diao)節(jie)中的(de)(de)作(zuo)用和地位，推(tui)(tui)進機組靈活(huo)性改(gai)造，加快煤(mei)電(dian)(dian)向電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)和電(dian)(dian)力(li)調(diao)節(jie)型電(dian)(dian)源轉換(huan)。開(kai)展(zhan)煤(mei)電(dian)(dian)機組延(yan)壽、相關配(pei)套政策的(de)(de)系(xi)統研究。

三是保障高比例新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)消納。因(yin)地(di)制宜發(fa)展新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)，綜(zong)(zong)合(he)各(ge)地(di)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)條(tiao)件(jian)、電網(wang)條(tiao)件(jian)、負(fu)荷(he)水平等因(yin)素(su)優(you)化(hua)可再生能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)項(xiang)目開發(fa)時序，堅持集中式(shi)和分布(bu)式(shi)并(bing)舉開發(fa)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)。持續優(you)化(hua)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)展布(bu)局，風電和光伏發(fa)電進(jin)一步向中東(dong)部(bu)地(di)區(qu)(qu)和南(nan)方地(di)區(qu)(qu)優(you)化(hua)布(bu)局，在東(dong)部(bu)地(di)區(qu)(qu)建立(li)多(duo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)互補能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)體(ti)系，在西部(bu)北部(bu)地(di)區(qu)(qu)加(jia)大風能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)規(gui)模化(hua)、集約化(hua)開發(fa)力(li)(li)度。提高新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)在電網(wang)的(de)滲透率，對于新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)消納困難的(de)地(di)區(qu)(qu)，可考(kao)慮部(bu)分60萬千瓦(wa)亞臨(lin)界煤電機組進(jin)行靈活性(xing)改造參與深度調(diao)(diao)峰。加(jia)快跨省跨區(qu)(qu)電力(li)(li)通道的(de)建設(she)，有(you)效(xiao)發(fa)揮大電網(wang)綜(zong)(zong)合(he)平衡能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)，促進(jin)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)電消納。拉(la)大峰谷分時電價差，調(diao)(diao)動各(ge)類(lei)負(fu)荷(he)側(ce)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)參與系統調(diao)(diao)節，促進(jin)需求(qiu)側(ce)主動響(xiang)應新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)出力(li)(li)變化(hua)。

（三）建立健全市場(chang)機制和(he)政策體系保障電力低碳轉(zhuan)型(xing)

“十四(si)五”期間(jian)，新能(neng)源(yuan)消納、煤電(dian)轉型都將面臨(lin)更多挑戰，為(wei)保障我國電(dian)力(li)加速低碳轉型，就(jiu)電(dian)價(jia)形成(cheng)機(ji)制(zhi)、中長(chang)期市(shi)場、現貨市(shi)場、碳市(shi)場等市(shi)場長(chang)效機(ji)制(zhi)方面提出以(yi)下建(jian)議(yi)：

一是理(li)(li)順(shun)市(shi)(shi)場環境下(xia)電(dian)價(jia)形成(cheng)機制(zhi)。以第二輪輸配電(dian)價(jia)核定為契機，理(li)(li)順(shun)市(shi)(shi)場電(dian)價(jia)形成(cheng)機制(zhi)，將(jiang)“價(jia)差”模式過(guo)渡到“順(shun)價(jia)”模式。總結市(shi)(shi)場電(dian)價(jia)結算經驗，研究(jiu)相關措施擴(kuo)大市(shi)(shi)場峰谷價(jia)差，引入容量補償(chang)機制(zhi)，促(cu)進不同類型機組進入市(shi)(shi)場，使價(jia)格(ge)機制(zhi)滿足現貨市(shi)(shi)場要求。

二(er)是加強中(zhong)長(chang)期市(shi)(shi)場(chang)和(he)現(xian)貨(huo)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)的(de)協調(diao)。合理確定中(zhong)長(chang)期合同(tong)在(zai)現(xian)貨(huo)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)的(de)交割方(fang)式及中(zhong)長(chang)期交易曲(qu)線，促進中(zhong)長(chang)期市(shi)(shi)場(chang)和(he)現(xian)貨(huo)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)有(you)效(xiao)銜接。盡快完(wan)善外來電(dian)、優(you)先(xian)發購電(dian)權參與市(shi)(shi)場(chang)交易規則(ze)，明晰不平衡資(zi)(zi)金定義、分類(lei)以及疏(shu)導原則(ze)。進一(yi)步完(wan)善現(xian)貨(huo)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)，豐富交易品(pin)種(zhong)，特(te)別(bie)是靈(ling)活性資(zi)(zi)源和(he)備用資(zi)(zi)源交易品(pin)種(zhong)。建立容量市(shi)(shi)場(chang)或容量成本補償機制，保障發電(dian)企(qi)業合理利益。

三是加快和(he)(he)完善(shan)(shan)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)市(shi)(shi)場建(jian)設。根據碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)達峰、碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)中和(he)(he)要求，完善(shan)(shan)全國(guo)(guo)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)市(shi)(shi)場配額(e)(e)分配方(fang)案，科學測算(suan)全國(guo)(guo)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)市(shi)(shi)場發電行業(ye)配額(e)(e)總(zong)量(liang)和(he)(he)基準值。合理統(tong)籌(chou)各地區配額(e)(e)分配，審慎核定各省(sheng)設定的“地區供(gong)電配額(e)(e)修正系數”，用市(shi)(shi)場機制更(geng)好發揮煤電的兜底保供(gong)和(he)(he)靈活性調節電源作(zuo)用。完善(shan)(shan)交易機制和(he)(he)規(gui)則，盡快發布中國(guo)(guo)核證減排量(liang)（CCER）抵消機制，推動發電企業(ye)從集團和(he)(he)企業(ye)層面積極參與碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)交易，實現低成本減排和(he)(he)技術創(chuang)新。