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3月1日，國家電網有限公司發布《國家電網公司發布“碳達峰、碳中和”行動方案》。方案指出，能源領域碳排放總量大，是實現碳減排目標的關鍵，電力系統碳減排是能源行業碳減排的重要組成部分，“碳達峰”是基礎前提，“碳中和”是最終目標。要堅持系統觀念、建立平臺思維、加強科技創新、發揮市場作用，政府、社會和能源企業多方共同努力，源網荷儲各環節共同發力，以保障電力系統安全運行、保障能源電力可靠供應、保障電力行業可持續發展為基礎，加快推進能源供給多元化清潔化低碳化、能源消費高效化減量化電氣化。

《方案》提(ti)出：加(jia)快(kuai)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)技術創新，提(ti)高(gao)新能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)發電機組涉網性能(neng)，加(jia)快(kuai)光熱(re)發電技術推廣應用。提(ti)升靈活(huo)調節電源(yuan)(yuan)的比重(zhong)，建設(she)調峰電源(yuan)(yuan)，發展(zhan)“新能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)+儲能(neng)”、光熱(re)發電，提(ti)高(gao)系統調節能(neng)力。

《方案》全文如下：

能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)是經濟社會(hui)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)重要(yao)物質(zhi)基礎(chu)。改革開放以(yi)來(lai)，我國(guo)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)行(xing)業快速發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，已成為全(quan)(quan)球(qiu)(qiu)最大的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)生產國(guo)、消(xiao)費國(guo)，有力支(zhi)撐了經濟社會(hui)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。但(dan)是，我國(guo)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)結構長(chang)期以(yi)煤為主，油氣(qi)對(dui)外依存(cun)度高，是全(quan)(quan)球(qiu)(qiu)最大的(de)(de)碳(tan)排放國(guo)家(jia)，能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)清(qing)潔(jie)低(di)碳(tan)轉型(xing)要(yao)求緊(jin)迫。習近平總書記提(ti)出“四個(ge)革命(ming)、一個(ge)合作”能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)安全(quan)(quan)新戰略，為我國(guo)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)指明了方向，開辟了中國(guo)特色能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)新道路。我們應遵循習近平總書記生態文明思想，積極應對(dui)碳(tan)排放帶來(lai)的(de)(de)全(quan)(quan)球(qiu)(qiu)氣(qi)候(hou)變化問題，堅定(ding)不移(yi)推進(jin)綠色發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，加快構建清(qing)潔(jie)低(di)碳(tan)、安全(quan)(quan)高效能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)體系，持續推進(jin)碳(tan)減排，引(yin)領全(quan)(quan)球(qiu)(qiu)化治理行(xing)動。

一、國家電(dian)網公(gong)司推(tui)動能源(yuan)電(dian)力轉型主要實(shi)踐

國家(jia)電(dian)網公司牢固樹立“能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)轉(zhuan)型(xing)、綠色發展”理念，加(jia)快(kuai)電(dian)網發展，加(jia)大技術創(chuang)新(xin)，推動能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)力從高碳向(xiang)低碳、從以化石能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)為主(zhu)向(xiang)以清潔能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)為主(zhu)轉(zhuan)變(bian)，加(jia)快(kuai)形(xing)成綠色生產和消費(fei)方式，助力生態文明建設和可持續(xu)發展。

全力推(tui)動新能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)展，促進能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)給清潔(jie)化。加(jia)快電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)建設，“十三(san)五”電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)投資(zi)(zi)約2.4萬億元(yuan)，建設堅強智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)，保障新能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)及時并網(wang)(wang)和(he)(he)消納。加(jia)強輸(shu)(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)通道建設，跨(kua)省(sheng)區(qu)輸(shu)(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力達到(dao)2.3億千(qian)瓦，輸(shu)(shu)送(song)清潔(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量比例(li)43%，實現全國范圍(wei)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)優化配置(zhi)。加(jia)快抽水(shui)蓄能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)建設，“十三(san)五”以來累計開工抽水(shui)蓄能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)21座、裝機容量2853萬千(qian)瓦，在(zai)運在(zai)建規模達到(dao)6236萬千(qian)瓦，提升新能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)消納能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力。2020年(nian)底，公司經營區(qu)清潔(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)裝機7.1億千(qian)瓦，占比42%。其(qi)中風電(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)(he)太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)裝機4.5億千(qian)瓦，占比26%，比2015年(nian)提高14個百分點，利用率(lv)達到(dao)97.1%；21個省(sheng)區(qu)新能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)成為第一、第二大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)；風電(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)(he)太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量5872億千(qian)瓦時，減(jian)少(shao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)煤消耗2.5億噸(dun)、減(jian)排二氧化碳(tan)4.5億噸(dun)。

大(da)力實施電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)替(ti)(ti)代，促進(jin)終端(duan)(duan)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消費電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣化(hua)。全面完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)北方地區“煤(mei)改電(dian)(dian)(dian)”任務，累計(ji)完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)1063萬(wan)戶，助力打贏藍(lan)天(tian)保衛戰(zhan)。加快電(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)網絡建(jian)(jian)設，建(jian)(jian)成(cheng)(cheng)覆(fu)蓋176個城市的(de)高速(su)公路(lu)快速(su)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)網絡，搭建(jian)(jian)全球(qiu)規模最大(da)的(de)智(zhi)慧車(che)聯(lian)網平臺，支持(chi)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)汽(qi)車(che)產(chan)業(ye)發展。貫徹長(chang)江(jiang)經濟帶發展戰(zhan)略，積極推動長(chang)江(jiang)沿(yan)線港口岸(an)電(dian)(dian)(dian)建(jian)(jian)設，累計(ji)建(jian)(jian)成(cheng)(cheng)岸(an)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設施1203套，實現長(chang)江(jiang)主要港口岸(an)電(dian)(dian)(dian)基本覆(fu)蓋。在民航(hang)機場、沿(yan)海和內陸碼頭大(da)力推廣(guang)以電(dian)(dian)(dian)代油，在工業(ye)領域推廣(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)窯爐(lu)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)鍋爐(lu)4萬(wan)余臺。近年(nian)來，累計(ji)實現替(ti)(ti)代電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)8677億千瓦時，相當(dang)于減少散(san)燒煤(mei)4.8億噸(dun)、減排二(er)氧化(hua)碳8.7億噸(dun)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)占終端(duan)(duan)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消費比重達(da)到27%左右。

加強電(dian)力(li)技術創(chuang)新(xin)，促(cu)進清潔能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)利用高(gao)效化。研發并全(quan)(quan)面掌握特(te)高(gao)壓核心技術和全(quan)(quan)套設備(bei)制(zhi)造能力(li)，實(shi)現清潔能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)大規模、遠距(ju)離輸送。建成國家(jia)風(feng)光儲輸、張北柔直(zhi)等(deng)工程，探(tan)索新(xin)能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)友(you)好接入和綜合利用新(xin)模式。建設“新(xin)能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)云”平臺，提供新(xin)能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消納分析、電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)并網、補貼(tie)申報、交易結算(suan)等(deng)一站式服務。在(zai)新(xin)能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)廠(chang)并網與運行控制(zhi)領(ling)域，累計完(wan)成科研項(xiang)目800余(yu)項(xiang)，獲得(de)國家(jia)科學(xue)技術獎項(xiang)12項(xiang)，主導(dao)(dao)制(zhi)定國際標(biao)準9項(xiang)，主導(dao)(dao)或重點參與制(zhi)定國家(jia)標(biao)準57項(xiang)、行業標(biao)準57項(xiang)，制(zhi)定企(qi)業標(biao)準80項(xiang)。

隨著新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)快(kuai)速發(fa)展和新(xin)(xin)型(xing)用能(neng)(neng)(neng)設備廣泛接入，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)運(yun)行(xing)特性(xing)發(fa)生顯(xian)著變(bian)化，需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)統(tong)(tong)(tong)籌研(yan)究解決。一是處(chu)(chu)理好清(qing)(qing)潔發(fa)展與(yu)(yu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)安全的(de)關系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)。新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、直流等大(da)(da)(da)量替代常(chang)規機(ji)組，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)、分布式(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)等交互(hu)式(shi)用能(neng)(neng)(neng)設備廣泛應(ying)(ying)用，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)呈現高(gao)(gao)(gao)比例可再生能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、高(gao)(gao)(gao)比例電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子設備的(de)“雙(shuang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)”特征，系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)轉動慣量持(chi)續下(xia)(xia)降，調(diao)頻、調(diao)壓(ya)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)不(bu)足。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)亟需(xu)創新(xin)(xin)發(fa)展和技術升級。二(er)是處(chu)(chu)理好清(qing)(qing)潔發(fa)展與(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)保(bao)障的(de)關系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)。風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)具(ju)有(you)隨機(ji)性(xing)，發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)出(chu)力(li)(li)“靠天吃飯”，主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)提供的(de)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量。近年來(lai)，我(wo)國(guo)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)需(xu)求呈現冬(dong)、夏“雙(shuang)峰(feng)”特征，峰(feng)谷差不(bu)斷(duan)擴(kuo)大(da)(da)(da)，北方地(di)區冬(dong)季高(gao)(gao)(gao)峰(feng)負荷(he)往(wang)往(wang)接近或(huo)超過(guo)(guo)夏季高(gao)(gao)(gao)峰(feng)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)保(bao)障供應(ying)(ying)的(de)難(nan)度逐(zhu)年加大(da)(da)(da)。從運(yun)行(xing)實際看，滿足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)峰(feng)負荷(he)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)，主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)依靠的(de)還(huan)是常(chang)規電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。在(zai)大(da)(da)(da)力(li)(li)發(fa)展新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)同時(shi)，既要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)統(tong)(tong)(tong)籌好常(chang)規電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)展，還(huan)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)更(geng)加注重需(xu)求側響應(ying)(ying)。三(san)是處(chu)(chu)理好清(qing)(qing)潔發(fa)展與(yu)(yu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)成本(ben)(ben)的(de)關系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)。為適應(ying)(ying)“雙(shuang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)”、“雙(shuang)峰(feng)”形勢下(xia)(xia)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)并網(wang)和消(xiao)納，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)網(wang)荷(he)儲各環節建設和運(yun)營成本(ben)(ben)都要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)增加。國(guo)內外(wai)研(yan)究表明(ming)，隨著風(feng)光等電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量占比的(de)快(kuai)速提高(gao)(gao)(gao)，為消(xiao)納新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)付出(chu)的(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)成本(ben)(ben)將會(hui)明(ming)顯(xian)上升，新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)成本(ben)(ben)下(xia)(xia)降不(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)完全實現對沖。我(wo)國(guo)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)與(yu)(yu)需(xu)求逆向分布，西部北部地(di)區集(ji)中(zhong)開發(fa)、遠距離大(da)(da)(da)規模(mo)輸送，成本(ben)(ben)更(geng)高(gao)(gao)(gao)。另外(wai)，用能(neng)(neng)(neng)成本(ben)(ben)過(guo)(guo)低，不(bu)利(li)于“能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)雙(shuang)控”和節能(neng)(neng)(neng)降耗(hao)，難(nan)以支(zhi)撐能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)行(xing)業可持(chi)續高(gao)(gao)(gao)質量發(fa)展，不(bu)利(li)于國(guo)有(you)企業做(zuo)強做(zuo)優做(zuo)大(da)(da)(da)。隨著新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)大(da)(da)(da)規模(mo)發(fa)展，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)著力(li)(li)疏導能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供應(ying)(ying)側成本(ben)(ben)上升與(yu)(yu)需(xu)求側成本(ben)(ben)較低的(de)矛盾。

面對新能(neng)源(yuan)快速發(fa)展的機遇(yu)和挑戰(zhan)，我們要以更大決心、更強力度、更實(shi)舉措，通過供給側結構調整和需求側響(xiang)應(ying)“雙(shuang)(shuang)側”發(fa)力，解決“雙(shuang)(shuang)高(gao)”、“雙(shuang)(shuang)峰”問題，推(tui)動能(neng)源(yuan)清潔低碳安全(quan)高(gao)效利用。

二、能源電力“碳達峰、碳中和”路徑(jing)研(yan)究

2020年9月(yue)22日，習(xi)近(jin)平總(zong)(zong)書(shu)記在(zai)第七十五屆聯合國(guo)(guo)大會一般(ban)性辯論(lun)上(shang)宣(xuan)布，中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)將(jiang)采取更加有力(li)的政策(ce)和措施(shi)，二氧化碳排(pai)放(fang)(fang)力(li)爭(zheng)于2030年前達到峰(feng)值，努力(li)爭(zheng)取2060年前實現碳中(zhong)和。12月(yue)12日，習(xi)近(jin)平總(zong)(zong)書(shu)記在(zai)氣(qi)候雄(xiong)心(xin)峰(feng)會上(shang)進(jin)一步宣(xuan)布，到2030年，中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)單位(wei)國(guo)(guo)內(nei)生產總(zong)(zong)值二氧化碳排(pai)放(fang)(fang)將(jiang)比2005年下降65%以上(shang)，非化石能(neng)源(yuan)占一次能(neng)源(yuan)消(xiao)費(fei)比重將(jiang)達到25%左右，風電(dian)、太(tai)陽能(neng)發電(dian)總(zong)(zong)裝機容量將(jiang)達到12億(yi)千瓦(wa)以上(shang)。習(xi)近(jin)平總(zong)(zong)書(shu)記提出“碳達峰(feng)、碳中(zhong)和”目(mu)標(biao)，是黨中(zhong)央做(zuo)出的重大戰略決策(ce)，不僅(jin)是一個(ge)應對氣(qi)候變化的目(mu)標(biao)，更是一個(ge)經濟社會發展的戰略目(mu)標(biao)，體現了(le)我國(guo)(guo)未(wei)來(lai)發展的價值方向，對構建以國(guo)(guo)內(nei)大循環為主(zhu)體、國(guo)(guo)內(nei)國(guo)(guo)際雙循環相互促進(jin)的新發展格局意(yi)義深遠重大，是一項重大的政治任(ren)務(wu)。

國(guo)(guo)(guo)家電網(wang)公司(si)深入(ru)學習貫徹習近平總(zong)書記(ji)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)指示和(he)(he)(he)(he)十九屆五中(zhong)全(quan)(quan)會(hui)、中(zhong)央(yang)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)工(gong)(gong)作會(hui)議精神，我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)們深刻(ke)認識到(dao)，實現(xian)(xian)“碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)達(da)峰(feng)、碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)中(zhong)和(he)(he)(he)(he)”，是(shi)構建(jian)人(ren)類(lei)命運共同體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)偉(wei)大(da)(da)實踐，樹立了負責任(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)國(guo)(guo)(guo)形象(xiang)，彰顯了大(da)(da)國(guo)(guo)(guo)擔當(dang)；是(shi)推動我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)從(cong)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)文明邁入(ru)生態文明的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)轉變，符合(he)人(ren)類(lei)社(she)會(hui)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)規(gui)律，順應人(ren)民群眾對美(mei)好生活的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)期(qi)盼；是(shi)推進我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)社(she)會(hui)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)動力(li)(li)轉換(huan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)引擎，推動疫情后世界(jie)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)“綠(lv)色復蘇”，匯聚起可持(chi)續(xu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)強(qiang)大(da)(da)合(he)力(li)(li)；是(shi)保(bao)障(zhang)(zhang)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家能(neng)(neng)(neng)源安全(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)舉措，大(da)(da)幅降(jiang)低(di)油氣對外(wai)依存度，提(ti)高我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源安全(quan)(quan)保(bao)障(zhang)(zhang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)。我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)們強(qiang)烈感受到(dao)，實現(xian)(xian)“碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)達(da)峰(feng)、碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)中(zhong)和(he)(he)(he)(he)”，是(shi)一(yi)項復雜艱(jian)巨(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)系統(tong)工(gong)(gong)程，面臨諸多嚴峻(jun)挑戰。一(yi)是(shi)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)實現(xian)(xian)“碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)中(zhong)和(he)(he)(he)(he)”時(shi)(shi)間緊難(nan)度大(da)(da)。歐(ou)盟(meng)(meng)等(deng)(deng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)達(da)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)體二氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)排(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)(fang)已經(jing)(jing)達(da)峰(feng)，從(cong)“碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)達(da)峰(feng)”到(dao)“碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)中(zhong)和(he)(he)(he)(he)”有50-70年過渡期(qi)；我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)二氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)排(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)(fang)量占全(quan)(quan)球的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)30%左(zuo)右，超過美(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)、歐(ou)盟(meng)(meng)、日本的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總(zong)和(he)(he)(he)(he)，從(cong)“碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)達(da)峰(feng)”到(dao)“碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)中(zhong)和(he)(he)(he)(he)”僅(jin)(jin)有30年時(shi)(shi)間，必(bi)須付出艱(jian)苦努力(li)(li)。二是(shi)統(tong)籌(chou)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)減(jian)(jian)(jian)排(pai)(pai)和(he)(he)(he)(he)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)社(she)會(hui)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求高。歐(ou)美(mei)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家已完成工(gong)(gong)業(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)增長(chang)與碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)排(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)(fang)脫鉤(gou)；我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)尚處于工(gong)(gong)業(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)階段，能(neng)(neng)(neng)源電力(li)(li)需(xu)求還將(jiang)持(chi)續(xu)攀升，經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)與碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)排(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)(fang)仍存在(zai)強(qiang)耦合(he)關系，必(bi)須探索一(yi)條經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)持(chi)續(xu)穩定增長(chang)情況下(xia)，既(ji)要(yao)(yao)(yao)保(bao)障(zhang)(zhang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源電力(li)(li)安全(quan)(quan)可靠(kao)供應，又能(neng)(neng)(neng)實現(xian)(xian)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)減(jian)(jian)(jian)排(pai)(pai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)務實路徑。三(san)是(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源電力(li)(li)領(ling)域任(ren)務重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。實現(xian)(xian)“碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)中(zhong)和(he)(he)(he)(he)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)核心(xin)(xin)是(shi)控制碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)排(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)(fang)。能(neng)(neng)(neng)源燃燒是(shi)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)二氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)排(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)(fang)源，占全(quan)(quan)部二氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)排(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)88%左(zuo)右，電力(li)(li)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)排(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)(fang)約占能(neng)(neng)(neng)源行(xing)(xing)業(ye)排(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)41%，減(jian)(jian)(jian)排(pai)(pai)任(ren)務很(hen)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。能(neng)(neng)(neng)源消(xiao)費達(da)峰(feng)后，隨著(zhu)電氣化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)水平提(ti)高，電力(li)(li)需(xu)求仍將(jiang)持(chi)續(xu)增長(chang)，電力(li)(li)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)不僅(jin)(jin)要(yao)(yao)(yao)承接交通、建(jian)筑、工(gong)(gong)業(ye)等(deng)(deng)領(ling)域轉移(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源消(xiao)耗和(he)(he)(he)(he)排(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)(fang)，還要(yao)(yao)(yao)對存量化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源電源進行(xing)(xing)清潔替(ti)代(dai)，必(bi)須作出更大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)貢獻。四(si)是(shi)電網(wang)企業(ye)責任(ren)大(da)(da)。推進能(neng)(neng)(neng)源清潔低(di)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)轉型，關鍵是(shi)加(jia)快(kuai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)非(fei)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源，尤其風電、太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電等(deng)(deng)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源。我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)95%左(zuo)右的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)非(fei)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源主要(yao)(yao)(yao)通過轉化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)為電能(neng)(neng)(neng)加(jia)以(yi)利(li)用。電網(wang)連接電力(li)(li)生產(chan)和(he)(he)(he)(he)消(xiao)費，是(shi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)網(wang)絡平臺，是(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源轉型的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)環節，是(shi)電力(li)(li)系統(tong)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)減(jian)(jian)(jian)排(pai)(pai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)核心(xin)(xin)樞紐，既(ji)要(yao)(yao)(yao)保(bao)障(zhang)(zhang)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源大(da)(da)規(gui)模開發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)和(he)(he)(he)(he)高效利(li)用，又要(yao)(yao)(yao)滿(man)足(zu)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)社(she)會(hui)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)用電需(xu)求。電網(wang)企業(ye)面臨保(bao)安全(quan)(quan)、保(bao)供應、降(jiang)成本的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)巨(ju)大(da)(da)壓力(li)(li)，同時(shi)(shi)自身節能(neng)(neng)(neng)減(jian)(jian)(jian)排(pai)(pai)任(ren)務繁重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。公司(si)要(yao)(yao)(yao)勇于擔當(dang)、迎難(nan)而上，在(zai)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)減(jian)(jian)(jian)排(pai)(pai)工(gong)(gong)作中(zhong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)揮重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)作用。

我(wo)們反復深入研(yan)究，提(ti)出了(le)能源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)落實“碳達峰、碳中和”的(de)實施(shi)路徑。能源(yuan)領域碳排放總量大，是(shi)實現碳減排目標的(de)關鍵，電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)碳減排是(shi)能源(yuan)行業(ye)(ye)碳減排的(de)重要(yao)組(zu)成部分，“碳達峰”是(shi)基礎前提(ti)，“碳中和”是(shi)最(zui)終目標。要(yao)堅持(chi)(chi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)觀念(nian)、建立平臺思維(wei)、加強科技創新、發(fa)揮市場(chang)作用(yong)，政府(fu)、社會(hui)和能源(yuan)企業(ye)(ye)多方共同努力(li)(li)，源(yuan)網(wang)荷儲各環節共同發(fa)力(li)(li)，以保(bao)障(zhang)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)安全運(yun)行、保(bao)障(zhang)能源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)可靠供應、保(bao)障(zhang)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)行業(ye)(ye)可持(chi)(chi)續發(fa)展為基礎，加快推(tui)進能源(yuan)供給(gei)多元化(hua)(hua)清(qing)潔化(hua)(hua)低碳化(hua)(hua)、能源(yuan)消費高效化(hua)(hua)減量化(hua)(hua)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)化(hua)(hua)。

在能源供給側，構建多元化清潔能源供應體系。一是大力發展清潔能源，最大限度開發利用風電、太陽能發電等新能源，堅持集中開發與分布式并舉，積極推動海上風電開發；大力發展水電，加快推進西南水電開發；安全高效推進沿海核電建設。二是加快煤電靈活性改造，優化煤電功能定位，科學設定煤電達峰目標。煤電充分發揮保供作用，更多承擔系統調節功能，由電量供應主體向電力供應主體轉變，提升電力系統應急備用和調峰能力。三是加強系統調節能力建設，大力推進抽水蓄能電站和調峰氣電建設，推廣應用大規模儲能裝置，提高系統調節能力。四是加快能源技術創新，提高新能源發電機組涉網性能，加快光熱發電技術推廣應用。推(tui)進(jin)大容量高電壓風電機(ji)組、光伏逆變器創(chuang)新突破(po)，加(jia)快大容量、高密度(du)、高安全、低成本儲能(neng)裝置研制。推(tui)動氫能(neng)利(li)用(yong)，碳捕集、利(li)用(yong)和封(feng)存(cun)等(deng)技術研發，加(jia)快C02資源再利(li)用(yong)。預計2025、2030年，非化石能(neng)源占一次能(neng)源消費比(bi)重將(jiang)達(da)到20%、25%左右。

在能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消(xiao)(xiao)費側(ce)，全面(mian)推(tui)(tui)進電(dian)氣化(hua)和節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)提效(xiao)。一(yi)是(shi)強化(hua)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)耗(hao)雙控(kong)，堅持節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)優先(xian)，把節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)指標(biao)(biao)納入生態文明(ming)、綠色發展(zhan)等績(ji)效(xiao)評價體(ti)(ti)系，合(he)理(li)控(kong)制能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消(xiao)(xiao)費總量，重點控(kong)制化(hua)石能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消(xiao)(xiao)費。二(er)是(shi)加強能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)效(xiao)管理(li)，加快冶金、化(hua)工等高耗(hao)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)行業用(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉型，提高建筑節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)標(biao)(biao)準。以(yi)電(dian)為中心，推(tui)(tui)動風光水(shui)火(huo)儲多(duo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)融合(he)互補、電(dian)氣冷熱多(duo)元聚合(he)互動，提高整體(ti)(ti)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)效(xiao)。三是(shi)加快電(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)替代，支持“以(yi)電(dian)代煤”、“以(yi)電(dian)代油(you)”，加快工業、建筑、交通等重點行業電(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)替代，持續推(tui)(tui)進鄉村電(dian)氣化(hua)，推(tui)(tui)動電(dian)制氫(qing)技術應(ying)(ying)用(yong)。四(si)是(shi)挖掘(jue)需(xu)求側(ce)響應(ying)(ying)潛力，構建可(ke)中斷、可(ke)調節(jie)(jie)多(duo)元負荷資源(yuan)，完善(shan)相關政策和價格(ge)機制，引導各(ge)類電(dian)力市場主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)挖掘(jue)調峰資源(yuan)，主(zhu)動參(can)與需(xu)求響應(ying)(ying)。預計2025、2030年，電(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)占終端能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消(xiao)(xiao)費比重將達到(dao)30%、35%以(yi)上。

黨的十(shi)八大以來，我國能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)電力(li)(li)(li)轉(zhuan)型取得(de)顯著成就。在此基礎上，加(jia)(jia)快構建能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)電力(li)(li)(li)綠色供給體系(xi)，持(chi)續提升非化(hua)石能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消費(fei)比重(zhong)，穩步(bu)提高能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)利用效率，加(jia)(jia)快推進科技進步(bu)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)電力(li)(li)(li)有望提前(qian)實現“碳(tan)達(da)峰”。加(jia)(jia)快清潔能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)替代化(hua)石能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)，減少化(hua)石能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消費(fei)總量，開展大規模國土綠化(hua)行動，全面提升生態系(xi)統(tong)碳(tan)匯能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)，通過碳(tan)捕集、利用和封存技術(shu)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)電力(li)(li)(li)有望盡早(zao)實現“碳(tan)中和”。

三(san)、國家電(dian)網公司行動方案

國(guo)家電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)公(gong)(gong)司將充分發揮(hui)“大國(guo)重器(qi)”和“頂梁柱”作用(yong)，自覺肩負起歷(li)史使命，加強(qiang)組織、明確(que)責任、主動(dong)(dong)(dong)作為，建(jian)設(she)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)高(gao)效(xiao)、綠色(se)智(zhi)能、互聯互通(tong)、共享互濟(ji)的堅強(qiang)智(zhi)能電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)，加快電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)向能源(yuan)(yuan)互聯網(wang)(wang)(wang)升級，爭排(pai)頭(tou)、做表率，為實(shi)現“碳(tan)(tan)達峰、碳(tan)(tan)中(zhong)和”目標(biao)作出(chu)國(guo)網(wang)(wang)(wang)貢獻。當(dang)好(hao)“引領者”，充分發揮(hui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)“橋梁”和“紐(niu)帶(dai)”作用(yong)，帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)產業鏈(lian)、供應鏈(lian)上下游(you)，加快能源(yuan)(yuan)生產清潔(jie)化、能源(yuan)(yuan)消費電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣化、能源(yuan)(yuan)利用(yong)高(gao)效(xiao)化，推(tui)進(jin)能源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力行(xing)業盡早以較低(di)峰值達峰；當(dang)好(hao)“推(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)者”，促進(jin)技術(shu)創(chuang)新(xin)、政策創(chuang)新(xin)、機制創(chuang)新(xin)、模式創(chuang)新(xin)，引導綠色(se)低(di)碳(tan)(tan)生產生活方式，推(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)全(quan)(quan)(quan)社會(hui)盡快實(shi)現“碳(tan)(tan)中(zhong)和”；當(dang)好(hao)“先行(xing)者”，系統梳理(li)輸配電(dian)(dian)(dian)各(ge)環(huan)節、生產辦公(gong)(gong)全(quan)(quan)(quan)領域(yu)節能減排(pai)清單，深入挖(wa)掘節能減排(pai)潛力，實(shi)現企(qi)業碳(tan)(tan)排(pai)放率先達峰。

(一(yi))推(tui)動電(dian)網向能(neng)源互(hu)聯網升級，著力打造清(qing)潔能(neng)源優化配置平臺

1、加快(kuai)(kuai)構建堅(jian)強智能電(dian)網(wang)。推進各級電(dian)網(wang)協調(diao)發(fa)展，支持新(xin)能源優先就地就近并網(wang)消納(na)。在送(song)端，完(wan)善西(xi)北、東北主網(wang)架(jia)結構，加快(kuai)(kuai)構建川渝特(te)(te)高(gao)壓交(jiao)流(liu)主網(wang)架(jia)，支撐跨區直流(liu)安全高(gao)效運行(xing)。在受端，擴展和完(wan)善華(hua)北、華(hua)東特(te)(te)高(gao)壓交(jiao)流(liu)主網(wang)架(jia)，加快(kuai)(kuai)建設華(hua)中(zhong)特(te)(te)高(gao)壓骨(gu)干網(wang)架(jia)，構建水(shui)火風(feng)光資源優化配置平臺(tai)，提高(gao)清(qing)潔能源接(jie)納(na)能力(li)。

2、加大跨(kua)區(qu)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)送(song)清(qing)(qing)潔(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)力度(du)。將持續提(ti)升已建輸(shu)(shu)(shu)電(dian)(dian)通(tong)道利(li)用效率，作為(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)網發展(zhan)主要內(nei)容和重(zhong)點任務。“十(shi)(shi)四五(wu)”期間，推(tui)動(dong)配(pei)套(tao)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)加快(kuai)建設，完善送(song)受端(duan)網架，推(tui)動(dong)建立跨(kua)省區(qu)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)電(dian)(dian)長效機制，已建通(tong)道逐步(bu)實現滿送(song)，提(ti)升輸(shu)(shu)(shu)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力3527萬(wan)千瓦。優(you)化送(song)端(duan)配(pei)套(tao)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)結構，提(ti)高輸(shu)(shu)(shu)送(song)清(qing)(qing)潔(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)比重(zhong)。新增(zeng)跨(kua)區(qu)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)電(dian)(dian)通(tong)道以輸(shu)(shu)(shu)送(song)清(qing)(qing)潔(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)為(wei)(wei)主，“十(shi)(shi)四五(wu)”規(gui)劃建成7回特高壓直流，新增(zeng)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力5600萬(wan)千瓦。到(dao)2025年，公司經(jing)營區(qu)跨(kua)省跨(kua)區(qu)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力達(da)到(dao)3.0億千瓦，輸(shu)(shu)(shu)送(song)清(qing)(qing)潔(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)占比達(da)到(dao)50%。

3、保障清潔能源(yuan)及時同步并網。開(kai)辟風電(dian)(dian)、太陽能發(fa)電(dian)(dian)等新能源(yuan)配套(tao)電(dian)(dian)網工(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)設“綠色通道”，確保電(dian)(dian)網電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)同步投產。加快水(shui)電(dian)(dian)、核(he)電(dian)(dian)并網和(he)送出工(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)設，支持四川等地區水(shui)電(dian)(dian)開(kai)發(fa)，超(chao)前研究西藏水(shui)電(dian)(dian)開(kai)發(fa)外(wai)送方案。到(dao)2030年，公司(si)經營區風電(dian)(dian)、太陽能發(fa)電(dian)(dian)總裝機(ji)(ji)容量將達到(dao)10億千(qian)瓦以(yi)上，水(shui)電(dian)(dian)裝機(ji)(ji)達到(dao)2.8億千(qian)瓦，核(he)電(dian)(dian)裝機(ji)(ji)達到(dao)8000萬千(qian)瓦。

4、支持分(fen)布(bu)(bu)式(shi)電(dian)源(yuan)和(he)微(wei)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)發展(zhan)。為分(fen)布(bu)(bu)式(shi)電(dian)源(yuan)提供一站式(shi)全流(liu)程免費服(fu)務。加(jia)強配(pei)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)互(hu)聯互(hu)通和(he)智能(neng)(neng)控制，滿足(zu)分(fen)布(bu)(bu)式(shi)清潔能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)并(bing)網(wang)(wang)和(he)多(duo)元負荷用電(dian)需要。做好并(bing)網(wang)(wang)型微(wei)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)接入服(fu)務，發揮微(wei)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)就地消納分(fen)布(bu)(bu)式(shi)電(dian)源(yuan)、集成優化供需資源(yuan)作用。到2025年，公(gong)司經營區分(fen)布(bu)(bu)式(shi)光(guang)伏達到1.8億千瓦。

5、加快電網(wang)(wang)向(xiang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)互(hu)聯(lian)網(wang)(wang)升級。加強“大云物移智鏈(lian)”等(deng)(deng)技(ji)術(shu)在(zai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)電力領域(yu)的融合創新(xin)(xin)和應用，促進各類能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)互(hu)通互(hu)濟(ji)，源(yuan)(yuan)網(wang)(wang)荷儲協調(diao)互(hu)動(dong)，支撐新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)發電、多元化(hua)儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)、新(xin)(xin)型負(fu)荷大規(gui)模友好接(jie)入。加快信息采集、感知、處理、應用等(deng)(deng)環(huan)節建設，推進各能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)品種(zhong)的數據共(gong)享和價(jia)值挖掘。到2025年，初(chu)步(bu)建成(cheng)國際領先的能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)互(hu)聯(lian)網(wang)(wang)。

(二(er))推動網源協調發展和調度交易(yi)機制(zhi)優化，著力(li)做好清潔(jie)能源并網消納

6、持續提升系統(tong)調(diao)節(jie)能力。加(jia)快已開工的4163萬千瓦(wa)抽(chou)(chou)水蓄(xu)(xu)能電(dian)站建設。“十(shi)四五”期間，加(jia)大抽(chou)(chou)水蓄(xu)(xu)能電(dian)站規劃選點(dian)和前期工作(zuo)，再安排開工建設一批項目(mu)，到2025年(nian)，公司經營區抽(chou)(chou)水蓄(xu)(xu)能裝機超過5000萬千瓦(wa)。積(ji)極(ji)支(zhi)持煤(mei)電(dian)靈活性改造(zao)，盡(jin)(jin)可能減少煤(mei)電(dian)發(fa)電(dian)量，推動電(dian)煤(mei)消費(fei)盡(jin)(jin)快達(da)峰。支(zhi)持調(diao)峰氣電(dian)建設和儲能規模化應用。積(ji)極(ji)推動發(fa)展“光伏+儲能”，提高分布式電(dian)源(yuan)利用效率(lv)。

7、優化(hua)電網(wang)調度(du)運行。加強電網(wang)統(tong)一(yi)調度(du)，統(tong)籌送受端調峰資(zi)源，完善省(sheng)間互濟和旋轉備用共享機(ji)制，促(cu)進清(qing)潔(jie)能(neng)源消納(na)多級(ji)調度(du)協同快速(su)響應。加強跨區(qu)域、跨流域風光(guang)水火聯合運行，提(ti)升清(qing)潔(jie)能(neng)源功(gong)率(lv)預測精度(du)，統(tong)籌全網(wang)開機(ji)，優先調度(du)清(qing)潔(jie)能(neng)源，確保能(neng)發盡發、能(neng)用盡用。

8、發(fa)揮市(shi)場作(zuo)用擴展消納(na)空(kong)間。加(jia)快構建促(cu)(cu)進(jin)(jin)新(xin)能源(yuan)消納(na)的(de)市(shi)場機制(zhi)，深化省(sheng)級電力現(xian)貨市(shi)場建設，采用靈活價格機制(zhi)促(cu)(cu)進(jin)(jin)清潔能源(yuan)參與現(xian)貨交易。完善以中長期(qi)交易為主、現(xian)貨交易為補充的(de)省(sheng)間交易體系(xi)，積(ji)極開展風(feng)光水(shui)火(huo)打捆外(wai)送交易、發(fa)電權交易、新(xin)能源(yuan)優(you)先替代等多種交易方式，擴大(da)新(xin)能源(yuan)跨區跨省(sheng)交易規(gui)模(mo)。

(三)推動(dong)全(quan)社會節能提(ti)效，著力提(ti)高終端消(xiao)費電氣化水(shui)平(ping)

9、拓展(zhan)電(dian)能(neng)替代(dai)(dai)廣度(du)(du)深度(du)(du)。推動電(dian)動汽車、港口岸電(dian)、純電(dian)動船(chuan)、公(gong)路和(he)鐵路電(dian)氣化發展(zhan)。深挖工(gong)業生產窯(yao)爐、鍋(guo)爐替代(dai)(dai)潛(qian)力。推進電(dian)供冷熱(re)，實(shi)現(xian)綠(lv)色(se)建(jian)筑電(dian)能(neng)替代(dai)(dai)。加快鄉村電(dian)氣化提升工(gong)程建(jian)設，推進清(qing)潔取暖“煤改電(dian)”。積極參與用能(neng)標(biao)準建(jian)設，推進電(dian)能(neng)替代(dai)(dai)技術發展(zhan)和(he)應用。“十四五”期間，公(gong)司經(jing)營區(qu)替代(dai)(dai)電(dian)量達(da)到6000億千瓦時(shi)。

10、積極(ji)推(tui)動綜(zong)合能源服(fu)務。以工業(ye)園區(qu)、大(da)型公共建(jian)筑等(deng)為(wei)重點，積極(ji)拓(tuo)展用(yong)能診(zhen)斷、能效提(ti)升、多能供應等(deng)綜(zong)合能源服(fu)務，助力提(ti)升全社會終端(duan)用(yong)能效率。建(jian)設線(xian)上線(xian)下一體化(hua)客戶(hu)服(fu)務平(ping)臺，及(ji)時向(xiang)用(yong)戶(hu)發布用(yong)能信息，引導(dao)用(yong)戶(hu)主動節約用(yong)能。推(tui)動智慧(hui)能源系統(tong)建(jian)設，挖掘用(yong)戶(hu)側(ce)資源參與需求側(ce)響應的潛力。

11、助力國家碳(tan)市場運作(zuo)。加(jia)強發(fa)(fa)電、用電、跨省區送電等(deng)大數據建設，支撐(cheng)全國碳(tan)市場政策(ce)研究、配額測算等(deng)工作(zuo)。圍(wei)繞電能替代、抽水蓄能、綜合(he)能源服(fu)務等(deng)，加(jia)強碳(tan)減(jian)(jian)排方(fang)法研究，為產業(ye)鏈上下游(you)提供碳(tan)減(jian)(jian)排服(fu)務，從供給和(he)需(xu)求雙側發(fa)(fa)力，通過市場手段統(tong)籌(chou)能源電力發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)和(he)節能減(jian)(jian)碳(tan)目標實(shi)現。

(四)推動公司節能減排加快實(shi)施(shi)，著力降低自(zi)身碳排放水平

12、全面實施電(dian)(dian)網節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)能管理。優化(hua)電(dian)(dian)網結構，推廣節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)能導線和變壓器，強化(hua)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)能調度，提高電(dian)(dian)網節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)能水平(ping)。加(jia)(jia)強電(dian)(dian)網規劃設計、建(jian)設運行、運維檢(jian)修各環節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)綠色低(di)碳技(ji)術(shu)研發，實現全過(guo)程節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)能、節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)水、節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)材、節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)地和環境(jing)保護。加(jia)(jia)強六氟化(hua)硫氣(qi)體回收處理、循(xun)環再利用和電(dian)(dian)網廢(fei)棄物環境(jing)無(wu)害(hai)化(hua)處置，保護生態環境(jing)。

13、強(qiang)化公司辦公節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)減排。強(qiang)化建(jian)筑(zhu)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，推進(jin)現(xian)有建(jian)筑(zhu)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)改造(zao)和新建(jian)建(jian)筑(zhu)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)設計，推廣采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)高效節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)設備(bei)，充分利用(yong)(yong)清潔能(neng)(neng)(neng)源解(jie)決用(yong)(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)需求(qiu)。積極采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)環保汽車和新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源汽車，促進(jin)交(jiao)通用(yong)(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)清潔化，減少用(yong)(yong)油能(neng)(neng)(neng)耗。

14、提升公司碳(tan)(tan)(tan)資產(chan)管(guan)理(li)能力。積極參(can)與(yu)全(quan)國碳(tan)(tan)(tan)市(shi)場建(jian)設，充分挖掘碳(tan)(tan)(tan)減排(CCER)資產(chan)，建(jian)立健全(quan)公司碳(tan)(tan)(tan)排放管(guan)理(li)體系，發(fa)揮(hui)公司產(chan)科研(yan)用一體化優勢，培育碳(tan)(tan)(tan)市(shi)場新(xin)興業(ye)務(wu)，構建(jian)綠色低碳(tan)(tan)(tan)品(pin)牌，形成共贏(ying)發(fa)展的專業(ye)支撐體系。

(五)推(tui)動能(neng)源電力技術創新，著(zhu)力提(ti)升運行安(an)全和(he)效率水平

15、統(tong)籌(chou)開展重大科(ke)技(ji)攻關。圍(wei)繞(rao)“碳達峰(feng)、碳中和(he)”目標，加快實施“新跨越(yue)行動計劃”，同步(bu)推(tui)進(jin)基礎(chu)理(li)論和(he)技(ji)術(shu)裝(zhuang)備(bei)創新。針(zhen)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統(tong)“雙高(gao)”、“雙峰(feng)”特點，加快電(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統(tong)構建和(he)安全穩定運(yun)行控制等技(ji)術(shu)研(yan)(yan)發，加快以輸(shu)送新能源(yuan)為主的特高(gao)壓輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)、柔(rou)性(xing)直流(liu)輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)等技(ji)術(shu)裝(zhuang)備(bei)研(yan)(yan)發，推(tui)進(jin)虛(xu)擬電(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)、新能源(yuan)主動支(zhi)撐等技(ji)術(shu)進(jin)步(bu)和(he)應用，研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)推(tui)廣有源(yuan)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)網、分布式(shi)能源(yuan)、終端能效提升(sheng)和(he)能源(yuan)綜合(he)利用等技(ji)術(shu)裝(zhuang)備(bei)研(yan)(yan)制，推(tui)進(jin)科(ke)技(ji)示范工程(cheng)建設。

16、打造能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)數字(zi)經(jing)濟平臺。深(shen)化應用“新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)云”等(deng)平臺，全面接入煤、油、氣、電(dian)等(deng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)數據，匯聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)全產業(ye)鏈信(xin)息(xi)，支持碳資產管(guan)理、碳交易、綠證交易、綠色金融(rong)等(deng)新(xin)業(ye)務，推(tui)動能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)領域數字(zi)經(jing)濟發展，服務國家智(zhi)慧能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)體系構建(jian)。

(六(liu))推動深化國(guo)際交流合(he)作(zuo)，著力集聚能(neng)源綠色轉型最大合(he)力

17、深化國(guo)際(ji)(ji)合作(zuo)與(yu)宣傳(chuan)引導(dao)。高水平(ping)舉辦(ban)能(neng)源轉型(xing)國(guo)際(ji)(ji)論壇，打造能(neng)源“達沃斯”，加強國(guo)際(ji)(ji)交流合作(zuo)，倡導(dao)能(neng)源轉型(xing)、綠(lv)色(se)發展(zhan)的(de)理念(nian)，推(tui)(tui)動構建人類命(ming)運共(gong)同體(ti)(ti)。全面踐(jian)行可持(chi)續發展(zhan)理念(nian)，深入推(tui)(tui)進(jin)可持(chi)續性管理，融入全球話(hua)語體(ti)(ti)系，努力形成企(qi)業推(tui)(tui)動綠(lv)色(se)發展(zhan)的(de)國(guo)際(ji)(ji)引領(ling)。加強信息公(gong)開和對外宣傳(chuan)，積(ji)極與(yu)政府機構、行業企(qi)業、科研(yan)院所研(yan)討交流，開門(men)問策、集思(si)廣益，匯聚(ju)起(qi)推(tui)(tui)動能(neng)源轉型(xing)的(de)強大合力。

18、強化工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)組(zu)織落(luo)實(shi)責(ze)任。建立健全工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)機(ji)制(zhi)，成(cheng)立公司“碳(tan)達峰、碳(tan)中(zhong)和”領導小組(zu)，統籌推進各(ge)項工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，協調解決重大問題(ti)。各(ge)部門、各(ge)機(ji)構(gou)、各(ge)單位細化分解工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)任務(wu)，落(luo)實(shi)責(ze)任分工(gong)(gong)(gong)，扎(zha)實(shi)有(you)效推進各(ge)項工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)。科研(yan)單位集中(zhong)骨干(gan)力量，加大科技攻(gong)關力度(du)，解決發展“瓶(ping)頸”問題(ti)。

實現“碳達峰、碳中和”，事關經(jing)濟(ji)社會發展全(quan)(quan)局和長期戰略，需要全(quan)(quan)社會各行(xing)業(ye)共同(tong)努力(li)。要按照全(quan)(quan)國一(yi)盤棋，統籌好(hao)發展與安全(quan)(quan)、政(zheng)府與市場(chang)、保(bao)供與節(jie)能、成(cheng)本(ben)與價格，研究制(zhi)定政(zheng)府主導、政(zheng)策引導、市場(chang)調節(jie)、企業(ye)率先(xian)、全(quan)(quan)社會共同(tong)參(can)與的國家行(xing)動(dong)方案，整體實施、持續推進(jin)。

(一(yi))做(zuo)好(hao)頂層設計，加強(qiang)政策引導

1、統籌制定總(zong)體方(fang)(fang)案和(he)(he)具體措施。出(chu)臺國家行(xing)(xing)動方(fang)(fang)案，明確“碳(tan)達峰(feng)”峰(feng)值、“碳(tan)達峰(feng)、碳(tan)中和(he)(he)”實施路徑、時間表和(he)(he)路線圖。將(jiang)主(zhu)要指標分(fen)解到各行(xing)(xing)業、各地區(qu)，結(jie)合(he)經濟發展需求和(he)(he)承受能力，提出(chu)重點行(xing)(xing)業、重點地區(qu)梯次達峰(feng)方(fang)(fang)案，積(ji)極穩妥推進各項工作。

2、堅持和完(wan)善(shan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)雙控(kong)制(zhi)度(du)。健全雙控(kong)管理措(cuo)施，合理控(kong)制(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)費(fei)總量，嚴格控(kong)制(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)耗(hao)強度(du)，重點(dian)控(kong)制(zhi)化石能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)費(fei)。制(zhi)定需(xu)求側響應(ying)政策措(cuo)施，引導全社會全過程綠色(se)低碳生產生活行為。完(wan)善(shan)可再生能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)納(na)保障機制(zhi)，所有(you)用戶(hu)公平承擔消(xiao)納(na)責任。

3、加(jia)強能(neng)源(yuan)電(dian)力統一(yi)規(gui)劃。發揚我(wo)國電(dian)力系(xi)統安全運(yun)行經驗(yan)優(you)(you)勢，堅(jian)持電(dian)網(wang)“統一(yi)規(gui)劃、統一(yi)調(diao)度、統一(yi)管理”體制(zhi)優(you)(you)勢，充分發揮(hui)大電(dian)網(wang)資源(yuan)優(you)(you)化配(pei)置平(ping)臺(tai)作用，實(shi)現源(yuan)網(wang)荷(he)協(xie)同聯動、有效銜接(jie)。將(jiang)電(dian)力系(xi)統全環(huan)節促(cu)進(jin)能(neng)源(yuan)轉型的重大舉措、重點工程(cheng)納(na)入國家(jia)規(gui)劃，統籌協(xie)調(diao)、加(jia)快(kuai)落(luo)地實(shi)施(shi)。

4、完(wan)善市場(chang)(chang)機(ji)(ji)制和價(jia)格財(cai)稅(shui)政(zheng)策。建(jian)設全(quan)(quan)國(guo)統一電(dian)(dian)力市場(chang)(chang)，健(jian)全(quan)(quan)能源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)力價(jia)格合理形(xing)成(cheng)和成(cheng)本疏導(dao)機(ji)(ji)制。健(jian)全(quan)(quan)輔助服務市場(chang)(chang)交(jiao)易機(ji)(ji)制，引導(dao)火電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)組主動(dong)參與(yu)系(xi)統調(diao)節。完(wan)善抽水蓄能電(dian)(dian)價(jia)形(xing)成(cheng)和容量電(dian)(dian)費分攤機(ji)(ji)制，建(jian)立儲能電(dian)(dian)站投(tou)資回報機(ji)(ji)制。通過價(jia)格機(ji)(ji)制，調(diao)動(dong)用戶節能降(jiang)耗和參與(yu)需求側響應(ying)的積極性。

5、推動(dong)碳(tan)(tan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)和電(dian)力(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)協同發(fa)展。基于(yu)電(dian)力(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)化(hua)改革成(cheng)果，加(jia)快全國碳(tan)(tan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)建設，全面實行碳(tan)(tan)排(pai)放權市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)化(hua)交易。充分考慮碳(tan)(tan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)對于(yu)電(dian)力(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)的影響，將電(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)價(jia)格(ge)與碳(tan)(tan)排(pai)放成(cheng)本有機結合，發(fa)揮兩個市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)相互(hu)促(cu)進、協同互(hu)補作用，提高清潔能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)的市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)競爭力(li)，由用能(neng)(neng)(neng)企業承擔碳(tan)(tan)排(pai)放成(cheng)本，更好推動(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)清潔低碳(tan)(tan)轉型。

6、支(zhi)持(chi)低碳(tan)技術創(chuang)(chuang)新。設立(li)專項科研基金，支(zhi)持(chi)能源電力技術創(chuang)(chuang)新。支(zhi)持(chi)科研團隊建(jian)設，培(pei)育(yu)專家人才。鼓勵各類(lei)資(zi)本進入(ru)低碳(tan)技術研發領域。

7、加強監督檢查(cha)。建(jian)立工作(zuo)考核機(ji)制，制定監管措施和核查(cha)制度，協調推(tui)進各項工作(zuo)措施落(luo)到實處。

(二)行(xing)業發揮實施主體作用，推動(dong)國家方(fang)案落(luo)地

1、發電企業大力發展清潔能源，加快實施煤電靈活性改造，淘汰不達標落后煤電機組。提升靈活調節電源的比重，建設調峰電源，發展“新能源+儲能”、光熱發電，提高系統調節能力。加快碳(tan)(tan)捕捉、封存和二次(ci)利用技術進(jin)步，力爭盡早實現零(ling)碳(tan)(tan)排(pai)放。

2、用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)企(qi)業主動響應電(dian)(dian)力系統需求，及(ji)時(shi)調整用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)行為和用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)模式，積極消納(na)清潔能源。工業企(qi)業加快推進綠色改造，強化(hua)余(yu)熱、余(yu)氣、余(yu)壓重復利用(yong)(yong)，降低能耗、提高能效。

3、相關(guan)行業(ye)加(jia)大電(dian)能替代力度，提升電(dian)氣化水平。加(jia)強自主創(chuang)新，開發應用低(di)碳節(jie)能技術和商業(ye)模式，推廣綠色交(jiao)通、綠色建筑，加(jia)快構建綠色低(di)碳循環(huan)發展經濟體系。

(三(san))社會民(min)眾自覺行動，形成綠色(se)低碳生(sheng)產生(sheng)活方式(shi)

1、堅持綠水青山就是金(jin)山銀山理念，積極(ji)響應開展國土綠化(hua)行(xing)動，不斷增加森林面積和(he)蓄積量，加快山水林田湖草系統(tong)治理，增強自然生態系統(tong)固碳(tan)能力(li)。

2、自(zi)覺開展綠(lv)(lv)色(se)生(sheng)活(huo)創建活(huo)動(dong)，倡導簡約適(shi)度、綠(lv)(lv)色(se)低碳(tan)生(sheng)產生(sheng)活(huo)方(fang)式，培育綠(lv)(lv)色(se)、健(jian)康、安全消費習慣(guan)。

3、大力推廣使用節能環(huan)保產品，提高用能水平和效率(lv)。