7月21日-22日在京召開的“光伏行業2021年上半年發展回顧與下半年形勢展望研討會”上,水電水利規劃設計總院新能源部主任趙太平指出,“十四五”期間,可再生能源增量將占到一次能源消費增量的50%左右,發電量增量占全社會用電量增量的70%左右,風電和光伏增量將成為電力行業裝機和電量增量主體。
“當前,我國再生能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)正迎(ying)來(lai)良好的發(fa)展機遇(yu)期(qi),”趙太平表(biao)示,按(an)照2030年(nian)前碳(tan)(tan)達峰要(yao)求,“十五五”中后期(qi)開始,我國全(quan)部能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)消費增量需要(yao)由非化石(shi)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)增量來(lai)滿(man)足,新能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)逐步(bu)替代存量;按(an)照碳(tan)(tan)中和要(yao)求,2060年(nian)可再生能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)占一次能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)消費比(bi)重(zhong)將(jiang)達到75%左右(you)(you),可再生能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)電(dian)總裝機將(jiang)達到60億干瓦左右(you)(you)。在他看(kan)來(lai),未來(lai)光伏發(fa)電(dian)將(jiang)由政策驅(qu)動發(fa)展轉為市場驅(qu)動發(fa)展,既大(da)規(gui)模開發(fa)、也(ye)高水平消納、更保障電(dian)力穩定可靠供應,為實現碳(tan)(tan)達峰、碳(tan)(tan)中和目標提供主力支(zhi)撐。
不過(guo),趙太平同時指出,可(ke)再生能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)的高(gao)比(bi)例(li)發(fa)展(zhan)應滿足系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)安全穩(wen)定(ding)運行(xing)。“適應光伏發(fa)電(dian)隨機性,電(dian)力系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)需要(yao)加快轉(zhuan)型構建(jian)以(yi)新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)為主(zhu)體的新型電(dian)力系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)。”他認(ren)為,未來,數字化、智能(neng)(neng)化等技(ji)術進步,將為通過(guo)靈(ling)活(huo)組網,構建(jian)新型電(dian)力系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong),有效分擔電(dian)網的靈(ling)活(huo)性、安全性、穩(wen)定(ding)性、可(ke)靠性,提升可(ke)再生能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)接(jie)納能(neng)(neng)力,保障(zhang)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)安全、穩(wen)定(ding)、可(ke)靠運行(xing)提供技(ji)術可(ke)能(neng)(neng)。
對(dui)于光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)產業(ye)未來的(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan),趙太平(ping)強調,一方(fang)(fang)面要(yao)繼續創新(xin)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan),通(tong)(tong)過技(ji)術創新(xin)、模式創新(xin)培(pei)育產業(ye)新(xin)技(ji)術、新(xin)模式、新(xin)業(ye)態,為可再生能(neng)源發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)提供新(xin)動能(neng),同時(shi)(shi)通(tong)(tong)過體制(zhi)機制(zhi)創新(xin)打(da)通(tong)(tong)政策(ce)與機制(zhi)堵點,激活發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)動能(neng);另一方(fang)(fang)面,還要(yao)注重協(xie)同發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan),加強可再生能(neng)源與國土(tu)、環保、財稅、金(jin)融(rong)等方(fang)(fang)面政策(ce)協(xie)同,形(xing)成(cheng)高(gao)質量發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)強大合(he)力,同時(shi)(shi)構建(jian)多能(neng)互補、源網荷儲(chu)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)新(xin)體系,推動光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)與新(xin)興技(ji)術、新(xin)基建(jian)等的(de)協(xie)同融(rong)合(he)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。
在(zai)多能(neng)互(hu)補(bu)方面,趙太平(ping)表示,在(zai)西南地區,依托水(shui)電(dian)(dian)調(diao)節(jie)能(neng)力和水(shui)電(dian)(dian)外送通(tong)道,可(ke)以(yi)提高風(feng)電(dian)(dian)、光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)消納能(neng)力,推進水(shui)風(feng)光(guang)(guang)基(ji)地綜合(he)開(kai)(kai)發(fa),結合(he)流域(yu)風(feng)、光(guang)(guang)資源(yuan)條件,合(he)理(li)進行風(feng)電(dian)(dian)、光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)規(gui)(gui)(gui)模布局;同時,在(zai)三北地區,可(ke)以(yi)優先結合(he)存量火電(dian)(dian)項目靈活(huo)性(xing)改造,增強調(diao)節(jie)能(neng)力,提升打捆(kun)新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)力規(gui)(gui)(gui)模與(yu)輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)通(tong)道中新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)量占比,擴大跨省(sheng)跨區可(ke)再生能(neng)源(yuan)消納規(gui)(gui)(gui)模。
與此(ci)同時,趙太平(ping)還強調,未來可以通過多種形式推進光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏發電(dian)(dian)基地(di)化建設,如光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏+光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)“聯合電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)”。他(ta)表(biao)示,光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)發電(dian)(dian)具有經濟性(xing)、出力(li)(li)相對(dui)平(ping)滑、具備調峰(feng)和儲(chu)能優(you)勢、對(dui)電(dian)(dian)網友好等優(you)勢,發展“光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏+光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)”,可以充分發揮光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏成本低特(te)性(xing),降(jiang)低光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏+光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)混(hun)合電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)成本,提高(gao)適應(ying)平(ping)價、市場(chang)化發展能力(li)(li);同時充分發揮光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)連續、穩定、可調的(de)(de)特(te)性(xing),平(ping)滑光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏+光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)混(hun)合電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)出力(li)(li),降(jiang)低調峰(feng)需求(qiu),發揮光(guang)(guang)(guang)熱(re)(re)(re)儲(chu)能作用,降(jiang)低光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏限電(dian)(dian)率,提高(gao)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系統消(xiao)納不穩定電(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)能力(li)(li)。