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日前，國家發改(gai)委印發《關于進一(yi)步(bu)完善分(fen)時電(dian)(dian)價機制的(de)通知》，要(yao)求在保持銷售(shou)電(dian)(dian)價總(zong)水平(ping)基(ji)本穩定的(de)基(ji)礎上(shang)，進一(yi)步(bu)完善目錄分(fen)時電(dian)(dian)價機制，更好引導用戶削峰(feng)填谷、改(gai)善電(dian)(dian)力(li)供需狀況(kuang)、促(cu)進新能源(yuan)消納，為構建以新能源(yuan)為主體的(de)新型(xing)電(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統(tong)、保障電(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統(tong)安全(quan)穩定經濟(ji)運(yun)行提供支撐。

文件要求要科學劃分峰谷(gu)時段，各地(di)要統(tong)(tong)籌考慮(lv)當地(di)電(dian)力(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)峰谷(gu)差率、新能源裝機占比、系(xi)統(tong)(tong)調節能力(li)等(deng)因素(su)，合理確定峰谷(gu)電(dian)價(jia)(jia)價(jia)(jia)差，上(shang)年(nian)或當年(nian)預計最大系(xi)統(tong)(tong)峰谷(gu)差率超過40%的地(di)方，峰谷(gu)電(dian)價(jia)(jia)價(jia)(jia)差原則上(shang)不(bu)低于(yu)4:1；其(qi)他地(di)方原則上(shang)不(bu)低于(yu)3:1。

此外，文(wen)件還要求(qiu)各地要結合實際情況(kuang)在峰(feng)谷電(dian)價(jia)(jia)的基(ji)礎上(shang)推行尖峰(feng)電(dian)價(jia)(jia)機制。尖峰(feng)時(shi)段根據(ju)前兩年當(dang)地電(dian)力系統最高負荷(he)95%及以上(shang)用電(dian)負荷(he)出現的時(shi)段合理確定，并考(kao)慮當(dang)年電(dian)力供需情況(kuang)、天氣變化等因素靈(ling)活調整；尖峰(feng)電(dian)價(jia)(jia)在峰(feng)段電(dian)價(jia)(jia)基(ji)礎上(shang)上(shang)浮比例原則上(shang)不低(di)于20%。

文件如下：

國(guo)家(jia)發展改革委(wei)關(guan)于進(jin)一(yi)步完善分時電價機制(zhi)的通知

發改價格(ge)〔2021〕1093號

各省、自(zi)治區、直轄市發(fa)展改(gai)革委(wei)，國(guo)家電(dian)網有(you)限公(gong)(gong)司、中國(guo)南(nan)方電(dian)網有(you)限責(ze)任(ren)公(gong)(gong)司、內蒙古電(dian)力（集(ji)團(tuan)）有(you)限責(ze)任(ren)公(gong)(gong)司：

為(wei)貫(guan)徹(che)落實(shi)黨中央、國(guo)務院(yuan)關(guan)于深化電(dian)價(jia)改革(ge)、完善電(dian)價(jia)形成機(ji)制的(de)決策部署，充分(fen)發揮分(fen)時(shi)電(dian)價(jia)信號作用，服務以新能源(yuan)為(wei)主體的(de)新型電(dian)力系統建設，促進能源(yuan)綠(lv)色低(di)碳發展，現就進一(yi)步完善分(fen)時(shi)電(dian)價(jia)機(ji)制有關(guan)事項通知如下。

一、總體要求

適應新(xin)能(neng)源大(da)規模發(fa)展(zhan)、電力市(shi)場加(jia)快建(jian)設、電力系(xi)統峰(feng)谷(gu)特性(xing)變化等新(xin)形勢新(xin)要求，持續深(shen)化電價市(shi)場化改革、充分發(fa)揮市(shi)場決(jue)定價格(ge)作用，形成有效的市(shi)場化分時電價信號。在保(bao)持銷售電價總水(shui)平(ping)基本穩定的基礎上，進(jin)一步完善(shan)目錄分時電價機制(zhi)，更好引導用戶削峰(feng)填(tian)谷(gu)、改善(shan)電力供需狀況、促進(jin)新(xin)能(neng)源消納，為(wei)構建(jian)以(yi)新(xin)能(neng)源為(wei)主體的新(xin)型電力系(xi)統、保(bao)障電力系(xi)統安全穩定經(jing)濟(ji)運(yun)行提供支撐(cheng)。

二、優化(hua)分時電價機制

（一）完善峰谷電價(jia)機制。

1.科學劃分(fen)峰(feng)(feng)谷時(shi)段(duan)(duan)。各地(di)要(yao)統(tong)籌(chou)考慮當(dang)地(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力供需狀況、系統(tong)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)負荷(he)(he)特(te)性(xing)、新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)裝機占(zhan)比、系統(tong)調節(jie)能(neng)力等因素，將系統(tong)供需緊張、邊(bian)際供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)成(cheng)本高的(de)時(shi)段(duan)(duan)確定為(wei)高峰(feng)(feng)時(shi)段(duan)(duan)，引導用戶(hu)節(jie)約用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、錯峰(feng)(feng)避(bi)峰(feng)(feng)；將系統(tong)供需寬松(song)、邊(bian)際供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)成(cheng)本低的(de)時(shi)段(duan)(duan)確定為(wei)低谷時(shi)段(duan)(duan)，促(cu)進新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)消納、引導用戶(hu)調整負荷(he)(he)。可再(zai)生能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝機比重高的(de)地(di)方，要(yao)充分(fen)考慮新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)出(chu)力波動，以及凈負荷(he)(he)曲線(xian)變(bian)化特(te)性(xing)。

2.合理確定峰(feng)(feng)谷(gu)電價價差(cha)(cha)。各(ge)地(di)要(yao)統(tong)籌考慮當(dang)地(di)電力系統(tong)峰(feng)(feng)谷(gu)差(cha)(cha)率、新能源裝機(ji)占(zhan)比、系統(tong)調節能力等因素，合理確定峰(feng)(feng)谷(gu)電價價差(cha)(cha)，上年或當(dang)年預計最大系統(tong)峰(feng)(feng)谷(gu)差(cha)(cha)率超過40%的地(di)方，峰(feng)(feng)谷(gu)電價價差(cha)(cha)原則(ze)上不低(di)于4:1；其他(ta)地(di)方原則(ze)上不低(di)于3:1。

（二）建立尖(jian)峰(feng)(feng)電(dian)價(jia)(jia)機(ji)制。各地要結合實際(ji)情況(kuang)在峰(feng)(feng)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)電(dian)價(jia)(jia)的基(ji)礎上(shang)推行尖(jian)峰(feng)(feng)電(dian)價(jia)(jia)機(ji)制。尖(jian)峰(feng)(feng)時段根據前兩年當(dang)地電(dian)力(li)系統最高(gao)負荷95%及以上(shang)用電(dian)負荷出(chu)現(xian)的時段合理(li)(li)確定(ding)，并(bing)考慮當(dang)年電(dian)力(li)供需情況(kuang)、天(tian)氣變化等因(yin)素靈活調整(zheng)；尖(jian)峰(feng)(feng)電(dian)價(jia)(jia)在峰(feng)(feng)段電(dian)價(jia)(jia)基(ji)礎上(shang)上(shang)浮比例(li)原則上(shang)不低于20%。熱(re)電(dian)聯(lian)產機(ji)組和可再生能源裝機(ji)占比大(da)、電(dian)力(li)系統階段性供大(da)于求矛盾突出(chu)的地方，可參照尖(jian)峰(feng)(feng)電(dian)價(jia)(jia)機(ji)制建立深谷(gu)(gu)(gu)電(dian)價(jia)(jia)機(ji)制。強化尖(jian)峰(feng)(feng)電(dian)價(jia)(jia)、深谷(gu)(gu)(gu)電(dian)價(jia)(jia)機(ji)制與電(dian)力(li)需求側(ce)管理(li)(li)政策(ce)的銜接協同(tong)，充分挖掘需求側(ce)調節能力(li)。

（三）健全季節(jie)性(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)。日內(nei)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)負荷(he)或(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力供(gong)需(xu)關系具有(you)明顯季節(jie)性(xing)差(cha)異的(de)地方，要(yao)進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)建立(li)健全季節(jie)性(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)，分季節(jie)劃分峰(feng)谷時段，合理設置季節(jie)性(xing)峰(feng)谷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)價(jia)(jia)差(cha)；水電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等可再生(sheng)能源比重大的(de)地方，要(yao)統籌考慮風(feng)光水多能互(hu)補因素，進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)建立(li)健全豐(feng)枯(ku)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)，豐(feng)、枯(ku)時段應結(jie)合多年來水、風(feng)光出力特(te)性(xing)等情況(kuang)合理劃分，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)浮動比例根據系統供(gong)需(xu)情況(kuang)合理設置。鼓勵北方地區研究制(zhi)定季節(jie)性(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)采暖電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)政策，通過適當拉長低(di)谷時段、降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)谷段電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)等方式，推動進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)清潔(jie)取(qu)暖用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)成本，有(you)效保障居民冬季清潔(jie)取(qu)暖需(xu)求(qiu)。

三、強化(hua)分(fen)時電價機制(zhi)執(zhi)行

（一(yi)）明確(que)分(fen)時(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價機(ji)制(zhi)執(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)范(fan)圍(wei)。各(ge)地要加(jia)快(kuai)將分(fen)時(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價機(ji)制(zhi)執(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)范(fan)圍(wei)擴大到除國家有專門規定(ding)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣化(hua)鐵路牽(qian)引用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)外的(de)執(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)工商業(ye)(ye)(ye)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力用(yong)(yong)戶；對部分(fen)不適(shi)宜(yi)錯峰用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)一(yi)般工商業(ye)(ye)(ye)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力用(yong)(yong)戶，可研究制(zhi)定(ding)平(ping)均(jun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價（執(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)分(fen)時(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價用(yong)(yong)戶的(de)平(ping)均(jun)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價格），由用(yong)(yong)戶自行(xing)(xing)(xing)選擇(ze)執(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)；不得自行(xing)(xing)(xing)暫停(ting)分(fen)時(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價機(ji)制(zhi)執(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)或縮小執(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)范(fan)圍(wei)，嚴禁以完善分(fen)時(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價機(ji)制(zhi)為名變相實施優(you)惠電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價。鼓勵工商業(ye)(ye)(ye)用(yong)(yong)戶通(tong)(tong)過配置儲能(neng)、開展綜合(he)能(neng)源利用(yong)(yong)等方式降(jiang)低(di)高峰時(shi)(shi)(shi)段用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)負荷、增加(jia)低(di)谷(gu)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量，通(tong)(tong)過改變用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)段來降(jiang)低(di)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)成本。有條(tiao)件的(de)地方，要按程(cheng)序推廣居民分(fen)時(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價政策(ce)，逐步拉(la)大峰谷(gu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價價差(cha)。

（二）建(jian)立分(fen)時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價動(dong)態(tai)調(diao)整機制。各地(di)要根據當地(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)負荷或凈負荷特性變化，參(can)考(kao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力現貨市(shi)場(chang)分(fen)時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價信號，適(shi)時調(diao)整目(mu)錄(lu)分(fen)時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價時段(duan)劃分(fen)、浮動(dong)比例。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力現貨市(shi)場(chang)運行的(de)地(di)方要完善市(shi)場(chang)交(jiao)易規則，合理(li)設定(ding)限價標準，促進(jin)市(shi)場(chang)形成(cheng)有效的(de)分(fen)時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價信號，為(wei)目(mu)錄(lu)分(fen)時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價機制動(dong)態(tai)調(diao)整提(ti)供參(can)考(kao)。

（三）完善市(shi)(shi)場(chang)化(hua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力用(yong)戶執行(xing)方式。電(dian)(dian)(dian)力現貨市(shi)(shi)場(chang)尚未(wei)(wei)運(yun)行(xing)的地方，要完善中長期市(shi)(shi)場(chang)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)規(gui)(gui)則，指導市(shi)(shi)場(chang)主體簽訂(ding)中長期交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)合(he)同時(shi)申(shen)報(bao)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)曲線、反映各時(shi)段價(jia)(jia)格，原(yuan)則上(shang)峰(feng)谷(gu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)價(jia)(jia)差不低于目(mu)錄分時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)的峰(feng)谷(gu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)價(jia)(jia)差。市(shi)(shi)場(chang)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)合(he)同未(wei)(wei)申(shen)報(bao)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)曲線或未(wei)(wei)形成分時(shi)價(jia)(jia)格的，結算時(shi)購電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)格應按(an)目(mu)錄分時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)機制規(gui)(gui)定的峰(feng)谷(gu)時(shi)段及浮動比例執行(xing)。

四、加強分時電價機(ji)制(zhi)實施保障(zhang)

（一）精心組織實(shi)施(shi)。各地要充(chong)分(fen)(fen)認(ren)識進一步(bu)完善(shan)分(fen)(fen)時電(dian)價(jia)(jia)機制(zhi)(zhi)的重(zhong)要性、緊(jin)迫性和復雜性，在充(chong)分(fen)(fen)聽(ting)取(qu)各方(fang)面(mian)意見建議基(ji)礎(chu)上(shang)，結合當地實(shi)際，研究(jiu)制(zhi)(zhi)定進一步(bu)完善(shan)分(fen)(fen)時電(dian)價(jia)(jia)機制(zhi)(zhi)的具體措施(shi)，有關落實(shi)情況請于2021年12月底前報我(wo)委。

（二）做(zuo)好執行評估。各(ge)地(di)要密切(qie)跟蹤當(dang)地(di)電力系統峰谷特性變(bian)化，動(dong)態掌(zhang)握分時(shi)電價機制(zhi)執行情(qing)況(kuang)，深(shen)入(ru)評估分時(shi)電價機制(zhi)執行效果，發現問題(ti)及時(shi)按程(cheng)序研究解決。電網企業要對分時(shi)電價收入(ru)情(qing)況(kuang)單獨歸集、單獨反映，產生的盈虧在下一監管周(zhou)期省級電網輸配(pei)電價核定時(shi)統籌(chou)考慮。

（三）強化宣傳(chuan)引導。各地要采(cai)取多種(zhong)形(xing)式全(quan)(quan)面準確解讀分時(shi)電(dian)價機(ji)(ji)制，宣傳(chuan)分時(shi)電(dian)價機(ji)(ji)制在保障電(dian)力安(an)全(quan)(quan)供應(ying)、促(cu)進(jin)新能源消(xiao)納、提升系統(tong)運行效率(lv)等(deng)方(fang)(fang)面的重要作用，爭取各方(fang)(fang)理解支持(chi)，加強輿情(qing)監(jian)測預警，及時(shi)回(hui)應(ying)社(she)會關切，確保分時(shi)電(dian)價機(ji)(ji)制平穩實施(shi)。

現行政(zheng)策與本(ben)通(tong)知(zhi)不符的，以(yi)本(ben)通(tong)知(zhi)規定為準。

國家發展改革委

2021年7月26日

附：國家發展改革委有關負責同志就《關于進一步完善分時電價機制的通知》答記者問

日前，國家發展改(gai)革委(wei)印發《關于進一步完(wan)善分時電價機制(zhi)的通(tong)(tong)知》，部署各地進一步完(wan)善分時電價機制(zhi)，服務以(yi)新能(neng)源為主體(ti)的新型(xing)電力系統建設(she)，促進能(neng)源綠色低碳發展。就(jiu)《通(tong)(tong)知》內容，國家發展改(gai)革委(wei)有關負(fu)責同志回答了記者提(ti)問(wen)。

問：什么是分時電價機制，為什么要實施分時電價機制？

答：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)無法(fa)大規模存儲，生產與消費需(xu)要(yao)實時(shi)(shi)平衡，不同用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)段(duan)所耗用的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)資源不同，供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)差異很大。在集中用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)高(gao)峰時(shi)(shi)段(duan)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)供(gong)(gong)求(qiu)緊(jin)張，為保障(zhang)(zhang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)供(gong)(gong)應，在輸(shu)配(pei)環節需(xu)要(yao)加強電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網建設、保障(zhang)(zhang)輸(shu)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)力(li)，在發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)環節需(xu)要(yao)調動(dong)高(gao)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)組頂峰發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)相(xiang)(xiang)對較(jiao)高(gao)；反(fan)之，在用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)較(jiao)少的(de)低(di)谷(gu)時(shi)(shi)段(duan)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)供(gong)(gong)求(qiu)寬(kuan)松，供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)低(di)的(de)機(ji)(ji)組發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)即(ji)可(ke)保障(zhang)(zhang)供(gong)(gong)應，供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)相(xiang)(xiang)對較(jiao)低(di)。

分(fen)時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)機(ji)(ji)(ji)制是(shi)基(ji)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能時(shi)間價(jia)(jia)(jia)值設計(ji)的，是(shi)引導電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)削峰填(tian)谷(gu)、保(bao)障電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統(tong)安(an)全(quan)穩定(ding)經濟運(yun)行的一項重要機(ji)(ji)(ji)制安(an)排。分(fen)時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)機(ji)(ji)(ji)制又可(ke)進一步(bu)分(fen)為峰谷(gu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)機(ji)(ji)(ji)制、季(ji)節(jie)性電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)機(ji)(ji)(ji)制等。峰谷(gu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)機(ji)(ji)(ji)制是(shi)將(jiang)一天劃分(fen)為高峰、平(ping)段(duan)(duan)、低谷(gu)，季(ji)節(jie)性電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)機(ji)(ji)(ji)制是(shi)將(jiang)峰平(ping)谷(gu)時(shi)段(duan)(duan)劃分(fen)進一步(bu)按夏季(ji)、非夏季(ji)等作差別(bie)(bie)化安(an)排，對各時(shi)段(duan)(duan)分(fen)別(bie)(bie)制定(ding)不同(tong)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)水平(ping)，使(shi)分(fen)時(shi)段(duan)(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)水平(ping)更加接(jie)近電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統(tong)的供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)成(cheng)本(ben)，以充分(fen)發揮電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)信(xin)號作用(yong)(yong)(yong)，引導電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)盡量在高峰時(shi)段(duan)(duan)少用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、低谷(gu)時(shi)段(duan)(duan)多用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，從(cong)而保(bao)障電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統(tong)安(an)全(quan)穩定(ding)運(yun)行，提升系(xi)統(tong)整體利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)效(xiao)率(lv)、降低社會總體用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)成(cheng)本(ben)。

問：現(xian)行分時電(dian)價機制執(zhi)行情(qing)況(kuang)如(ru)何，發揮了什么作用，存在哪些問題(ti)？

答(da)：上(shang)世紀80年(nian)代初(chu)開始，我(wo)國逐(zhu)步(bu)在各地(di)推行(xing)(xing)分(fen)時電(dian)價(jia)機(ji)(ji)制。截至目前，已(yi)有(you)29個省份實施了分(fen)時電(dian)價(jia)機(ji)(ji)制，各地(di)分(fen)時電(dian)價(jia)機(ji)(ji)制在具體執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)上(shang)有(you)所不同。例如，各地(di)普遍(bian)按(an)(an)日劃分(fen)峰、平、谷(gu)時段(duan)，執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)峰谷(gu)分(fen)時電(dian)價(jia)，部分(fen)省份在此基礎(chu)上(shang)增加(jia)了尖(jian)峰時段(duan)；四川等地(di)按(an)(an)月劃分(fen)豐(feng)水(shui)(shui)期、枯水(shui)(shui)期，對電(dian)力供(gong)應緊(jin)張的枯水(shui)(shui)期進一步(bu)執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)豐(feng)枯電(dian)價(jia)；上(shang)海(hai)等地(di)按(an)(an)季(ji)劃分(fen)夏(xia)季(ji)、非夏(xia)季(ji)，對盛夏(xia)用(yong)電(dian)高(gao)峰期執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)更高(gao)的季(ji)節性(xing)電(dian)價(jia)。總體來看(kan)，各地(di)分(fen)時電(dian)價(jia)機(ji)(ji)制實施，有(you)力促進了需(xu)求側移峰填谷(gu)，在緩解電(dian)力供(gong)需(xu)矛盾(dun)、保(bao)障電(dian)力安全(quan)供(gong)應、提升(sheng)電(dian)力系統經濟性(xing)等方面發(fa)揮了重(zhong)要作用(yong)。

當(dang)前(qian)，我國新能源裝機規模不斷(duan)擴大(da)，電(dian)力消費結構(gou)加快變化(hua)(hua)，用電(dian)負荷呈(cheng)現(xian)冬夏“雙高峰”特性，電(dian)力生產側(ce)與(yu)消費側(ce)雙向大(da)幅波動(dong)，保(bao)障電(dian)力安(an)全(quan)經濟(ji)運行(xing)面臨更大(da)挑戰(zhan)，對進一步完善分時(shi)(shi)電(dian)價機制(zhi)提出了迫切要(yao)求。各地現(xian)行(xing)分時(shi)(shi)電(dian)價機制(zhi)已實施多年，在形(xing)(xing)勢明(ming)顯變化(hua)(hua)后，存在時(shi)(shi)段劃分不夠準確(que)、峰谷電(dian)價價差(cha)仍有拉大(da)空(kong)間、尖峰電(dian)價機制(zhi)尚未全(quan)面建(jian)立，以及(ji)分時(shi)(shi)電(dian)價缺乏(fa)動(dong)態(tai)調整機制(zhi)、與(yu)電(dian)力市場建(jian)設發展銜接不夠等問題，需要(yao)適(shi)應形(xing)(xing)勢變化(hua)(hua)進一步完善。

問：當前(qian)，進一(yi)步完善分時電價(jia)機制有何積極意義(yi)？

答：當前，進一(yi)步(bu)完善分時(shi)電價(jia)機制，無論對短(duan)期保障電力(li)安(an)全穩定經濟運(yun)行(xing)，還是(shi)對中(zhong)長(chang)期實現碳達峰、碳中(zhong)和目標都具有積(ji)極意義。

近年(nian)來(lai)，我國能源消費結構(gou)快速變(bian)化(hua)，用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)負荷對氣溫(wen)變(bian)化(hua)更加(jia)敏感，電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統負荷夏、冬兩季尖(jian)峰(feng)化(hua)特征日益突出(chu)。據(ju)統計(ji)，各地夏季最熱、冬季最冷時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)段(duan)的(de)全年(nian)累計(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間普遍(bian)低于60個小時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，但對應的(de)尖(jian)峰(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)需求可較平(ping)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)高出(chu)1億千瓦(wa)以上，保(bao)障(zhang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統安全穩(wen)定(ding)運行(xing)面臨更大挑戰(zhan)，去(qu)年(nian)以來(lai)部(bu)分地方(fang)已不得不實施有序用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。進一(yi)步完善(shan)分時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價機(ji)(ji)制，特別(bie)是優化(hua)峰(feng)谷電(dian)(dian)(dian)價機(ji)(ji)制、出(chu)臺(tai)尖(jian)峰(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價機(ji)(ji)制，有利于充分發揮電(dian)(dian)(dian)價信(xin)號作(zuo)用(yong)，引導用(yong)戶錯峰(feng)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，盡可能少地啟動有序用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，保(bao)障(zhang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統安全穩(wen)定(ding)運行(xing)，降低經濟社會運行(xing)成本(ben)。

同(tong)時，進一步完(wan)善分時電價(jia)(jia)，特別(bie)是合理拉大(da)峰谷電價(jia)(jia)價(jia)(jia)差(cha)，有(you)利(li)于引導用戶在電力(li)系(xi)統(tong)低谷時段多用電，并為抽水蓄能、新型儲能發展(zhan)創造更大(da)空間，這對(dui)促(cu)進風電、光伏發電等新能源加快(kuai)發展(zhan)、有(you)效消納，著眼中(zhong)長期實(shi)現(xian)碳達峰、碳中(zhong)和目標具有(you)積極意義。

問：進(jin)一步完(wan)善(shan)分時(shi)電(dian)價機制(zhi)，主要完(wan)善(shan)了(le)哪些內容？

答：此次主要從六個方(fang)面對現行分時電價機制(zhi)作了進(jin)一步(bu)完善：

一(yi)是優化(hua)峰(feng)谷電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)機(ji)制。要求各地(di)(di)結合當(dang)地(di)(di)情況積(ji)極優化(hua)峰(feng)谷電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)機(ji)制，統籌考慮當(dang)地(di)(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力供需狀況、新能(neng)源裝機(ji)占比等因素，科學劃分峰(feng)谷時段，合理確定(ding)峰(feng)谷電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)價(jia)差，系統峰(feng)谷差率超過40%的地(di)(di)方，峰(feng)谷電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)價(jia)差原則上不低于4:1；其(qi)他(ta)地(di)(di)方原則上不低于3:1。

二是(shi)建立尖(jian)峰(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)機制(zhi)(zhi)。要求各地在峰(feng)谷電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)的基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)推行尖(jian)峰(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)機制(zhi)(zhi)，主要基(ji)(ji)于系統(tong)最高(gao)負荷情況合理確(que)定尖(jian)峰(feng)時段，尖(jian)峰(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)在峰(feng)段電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)浮(fu)比例(li)原則上(shang)(shang)(shang)不低于20%。可(ke)參(can)照尖(jian)峰(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)機制(zhi)(zhi)建立深(shen)谷電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)機制(zhi)(zhi)。

三是建(jian)(jian)立(li)健(jian)(jian)全(quan)季節(jie)性電(dian)(dian)價(jia)機制(zhi)(zhi)和豐枯電(dian)(dian)價(jia)機制(zhi)(zhi)。要求日內(nei)用電(dian)(dian)負荷或電(dian)(dian)力供需(xu)關系具有明(ming)顯季節(jie)性差異(yi)的(de)(de)地方，健(jian)(jian)全(quan)季節(jie)性電(dian)(dian)價(jia)機制(zhi)(zhi)；水(shui)電(dian)(dian)等(deng)可再生(sheng)能源比(bi)重大的(de)(de)地方，建(jian)(jian)立(li)健(jian)(jian)全(quan)豐枯電(dian)(dian)價(jia)機制(zhi)(zhi)，合(he)理(li)確定時(shi)段劃(hua)分、電(dian)(dian)價(jia)浮動比(bi)例。

四是明(ming)確分(fen)時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)執(zhi)行范圍(wei)。要求各地加快(kuai)將(jiang)分(fen)時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)執(zhi)行范圍(wei)擴(kuo)大(da)到(dao)除國(guo)家(jia)有專門(men)規定的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣化鐵路(lu)牽引用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)外(wai)的執(zhi)行工(gong)(gong)商業電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力用(yong)(yong)戶；對(dui)部分(fen)不適宜(yi)錯(cuo)峰用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的一般(ban)工(gong)(gong)商業電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力用(yong)(yong)戶，可(ke)研究制(zhi)定平均電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)，由用(yong)(yong)戶自行選擇執(zhi)行。

五是建(jian)立動態調(diao)整(zheng)機制。要求各(ge)地(di)根據當地(di)電力(li)(li)系統用電負荷(he)(he)或(huo)凈負荷(he)(he)特性變化，參考電力(li)(li)現貨市場分時(shi)電價信號(hao)，適(shi)時(shi)調(diao)整(zheng)目(mu)錄分時(shi)電價時(shi)段劃分、浮動比例。

六是加(jia)強(qiang)與電(dian)力(li)(li)市場(chang)(chang)的銜接。要求電(dian)力(li)(li)現貨市場(chang)(chang)尚(shang)未運行(xing)(xing)的地方(fang)，電(dian)力(li)(li)中長期市場(chang)(chang)交易合同未申報(bao)用電(dian)曲線或未形成(cheng)分時價格的，結算時購電(dian)價格應按目錄分時電(dian)價機制規定的峰谷時段及浮動比例執行(xing)(xing)。

問：進一步(bu)完善分時(shi)電價機制，最大的亮點是什(shen)么？

答：剛才講到，此(ci)次主要從六個方面對(dui)現行分時電價(jia)機制(zhi)作(zuo)了(le)進一步完(wan)善，亮點(dian)不少，其中(zhong)最大的(de)亮點(dian)是合理拉大了(le)峰谷電價(jia)價(jia)差(cha)，這為引導電力用戶削(xue)峰填谷、促進儲(chu)能加快發展釋放了(le)清晰強烈的(de)價(jia)格(ge)信(xin)號。

合理(li)的峰(feng)谷(gu)電(dian)價(jia)價(jia)差，對發(fa)揮電(dian)價(jia)信號作用(yong)(yong)、引(yin)導電(dian)力用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)削峰(feng)填谷(gu)非常關鍵。此(ci)次完善，對合理(li)設(she)定峰(feng)谷(gu)電(dian)價(jia)價(jia)差提(ti)出(chu)了(le)兩個方(fang)面的要求(qiu)：一是(shi)要求(qiu)電(dian)力系統峰(feng)谷(gu)差率超過40%的地方(fang)，峰(feng)谷(gu)電(dian)價(jia)價(jia)差原(yuan)則上(shang)不低于4?1，其他地方(fang)原(yuan)則上(shang)不低于3?1；二是(shi)要求(qiu)各地建立尖(jian)峰(feng)電(dian)價(jia)機制，尖(jian)峰(feng)時段根(gen)據前兩年當地電(dian)力系統最高負(fu)(fu)荷95%及以(yi)上(shang)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)負(fu)(fu)荷出(chu)現的時段合理(li)確定，尖(jian)峰(feng)電(dian)價(jia)在峰(feng)段電(dian)價(jia)基礎(chu)上(shang)上(shang)浮比例原(yuan)則上(shang)不低于20%。

上述安(an)排，既可(ke)確保電(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)峰(feng)(feng)谷(gu)(gu)差(cha)大、安(an)全(quan)穩定運行保障難度大的(de)(de)(de)地方(fang)，能夠形成有效的(de)(de)(de)峰(feng)(feng)谷(gu)(gu)電(dian)(dian)價價差(cha)，引導用(yong)戶在高峰(feng)(feng)時段(duan)少用(yong)電(dian)(dian)、在低谷(gu)(gu)時段(duan)多用(yong)電(dian)(dian)，并為抽水蓄能、新(xin)型儲能等系(xi)統(tong)(tong)調(diao)節能力(li)加快發(fa)展提供更(geng)大空間，促進(jin)新(xin)能源的(de)(de)(de)生產和消納；也兼顧到了系(xi)統(tong)(tong)峰(feng)(feng)谷(gu)(gu)差(cha)相對小的(de)(de)(de)地方(fang)的(de)(de)(de)實際情況，避免不(bu)必要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)拉大峰(feng)(feng)谷(gu)(gu)電(dian)(dian)價價差(cha)影(ying)響用(yong)戶正常用(yong)電(dian)(dian)。

問：進一步(bu)完善分時電價機制(zhi)，對企業用電成本有何影響？

答(da)：此次進一(yi)(yi)步完善分時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)機(ji)制，繼續(xu)堅持了一(yi)(yi)項基本原(yuan)則(ze)，即(ji)保持電(dian)(dian)(dian)網企業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)銷(xiao)售(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)總(zong)水平基本穩(wen)定。也就是說，進一(yi)(yi)步完善分時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)機(ji)制，對(dui)社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)總(zong)體(ti)用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)成(cheng)本影響較小，電(dian)(dian)(dian)網企業(ye)不(bu)會(hui)(hui)(hui)因(yin)此“多收錢”。具體(ti)看(kan)，由于合理拉大了峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)谷(gu)(gu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)價(jia)差，高(gao)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)時(shi)段(duan)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)會(hui)(hui)(hui)有(you)所上(shang)調(diao)，低谷(gu)(gu)時(shi)段(duan)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)會(hui)(hui)(hui)有(you)所下(xia)調(diao)，能夠錯峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)、在低谷(gu)(gu)時(shi)段(duan)多用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)成(cheng)本會(hui)(hui)(hui)下(xia)降，在高(gao)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)時(shi)段(duan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)成(cheng)本會(hui)(hui)(hui)有(you)所上(shang)升(sheng)，即(ji)需要承(cheng)擔高(gao)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)時(shi)段(duan)增加(jia)的(de)(de)(de)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)成(cheng)本，這符合“誰(shui)受益(yi)、誰(shui)承(cheng)擔”的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)則(ze)。考(kao)慮到部分商(shang)業(ye)用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶錯峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)難度大，同時(shi)明確(que)對(dui)部分不(bu)適(shi)宜錯峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)般工商(shang)業(ye)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶，各地可研(yan)究制定平均電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)，由用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶自行選擇。

需要(yao)指出的是，分時電(dian)價機(ji)制的實施，可有效減少一些不必要(yao)的輸配電(dian)、發(fa)電(dian)資(zi)源投入，提(ti)升(sheng)電(dian)力系(xi)統運行(xing)效率和經濟(ji)性，有利(li)于從(cong)總體上(shang)降(jiang)低(di)全(quan)社(she)會(hui)用電(dian)成本。

問：進一步完善分時電(dian)價(jia)機制，對居民用電(dian)價(jia)格有影響嗎？

答：此次完善，明(ming)確(que)有條件的(de)地方，要按程序推廣(guang)居民(min)峰(feng)谷電價機制，逐步拉大峰(feng)谷電價價差，引(yin)導居民(min)用戶在高峰(feng)時(shi)段少(shao)用電、低(di)谷時(shi)段多用電，發揮(hui)削(xue)峰(feng)填谷的(de)作用。

目前(qian)，有14個(ge)省份出(chu)臺了居民峰谷(gu)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)政策，峰谷(gu)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)價(jia)差相對較(jiao)小，一些地方(fang)僅設(she)定(ding)平段(duan)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)和谷(gu)段(duan)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)，未(wei)設(she)定(ding)高峰電(dian)(dian)價(jia)，且多(duo)數地方(fang)允許居民用戶自行選擇是否執行峰谷(gu)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)。總的看，此次進一步完善分時電(dian)(dian)價(jia)機制(zhi)，對居民用電(dian)(dian)價(jia)格的影響(xiang)較(jiao)小。