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作為我國(guo)重要的能(neng)源(yuan)生產基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)，新(xin)(xin)疆具有突出的“風光”資源(yuan)優勢(shi)。近(jin)年(nian)來，新(xin)(xin)疆大力發(fa)展可再生能(neng)源(yuan)，持續推(tui)進(jin)能(neng)源(yuan)結構調整，在(zai)沙漠、戈壁、荒漠地(di)(di)區加(jia)快建設大型風電光伏基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)項目，綠色(se)能(neng)源(yuan)成為新(xin)(xin)疆的一(yi)張(zhang)新(xin)(xin)名片。同時，新(xin)(xin)疆積極探索實踐，推(tui)動新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)高質(zhi)量(liang)發(fa)展，“疆電外送”助力國(guo)家能(neng)源(yuan)低碳轉型。

一(yi)、新疆綠色能源建(jian)設勢頭強勁

作為我國重要的(de)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)基(ji)地，新疆(jiang)(jiang)同時擁有(you)(you)豐富的(de)可再(zai)生能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)稟賦。據統計，新疆(jiang)(jiang)的(de)太陽(yang)能(neng)資源(yuan)(yuan)技術可開發量居全(quan)國第一，風能(neng)資源(yuan)(yuan)技術可開發量居全(quan)國第二。新疆(jiang)(jiang)目前已經(jing)逐步(bu)推廣(guang)建設(she)10余座光熱發電(dian)站，其中吐魯番市在建的(de)有(you)(you)4座，正在持續加快(kuai)建設(she)準(zhun)東(dong)、哈(ha)密北、南(nan)疆(jiang)(jiang)環塔、若羌等千萬千瓦級新能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)基(ji)地。到2025年，新疆(jiang)(jiang)新能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)并網裝機(ji)有(you)(you)望達(da)1.16億千瓦以上，超過新疆(jiang)(jiang)電(dian)力(li)總裝機(ji)的(de)50%，為能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)結(jie)構持續優化、助推新疆(jiang)(jiang)經(jing)濟(ji)高質量發展提供有(you)(you)力(li)支撐。

作為國(guo)家規(gui)(gui)劃建(jian)設的大(da)(da)型清潔能(neng)(neng)源基地，新(xin)(xin)疆(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)可再生能(neng)(neng)源發(fa)展規(gui)(gui)模持(chi)續擴大(da)(da)，風電(dian)(dian)基地、光(guang)伏園區等項目(mu)(mu)建(jian)設有序推進，實現了規(gui)(gui)模化、集約化、園區化快(kuai)速發(fa)展。2023年，新(xin)(xin)疆(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)新(xin)(xin)增新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源裝(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)容量超過2000萬千(qian)瓦，推進實施“光(guang)伏+儲能(neng)(neng)”“光(guang)熱儲能(neng)(neng)+光(guang)伏”一體化示范項目(mu)(mu)等新(xin)(xin)型儲能(neng)(neng)項目(mu)(mu)，電(dian)(dian)力平衡和風險預(yu)控能(neng)(neng)力得到有效提升。截(jie)至今年4月22日，新(xin)(xin)疆(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源裝(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)突破7000萬千(qian)瓦，達(da)(da)到7002.1萬千(qian)瓦，占(zhan)新(xin)(xin)疆(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)電(dian)(dian)網總(zong)裝(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)的近五(wu)(wu)成(cheng)，居全國(guo)前列(lie)。而“十四五(wu)(wu)”以來，新(xin)(xin)疆(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)已批復新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源裝(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)達(da)(da)1.8億千(qian)瓦，預(yu)計(ji)2024年底，新(xin)(xin)疆(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)累計(ji)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源裝(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)將超8900萬千(qian)瓦。屆(jie)時，新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源將首次成(cheng)為新(xin)(xin)疆(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)第(di)一大(da)(da)電(dian)(dian)源。

今(jin)年4月，中核鐵門(men)關(guan)市200兆瓦風電項目(mu)成功切(qie)換(huan)至(zhi)220千伏(fu)(fu)運(yun)行(xing)，實現全容(rong)量(liang)投運(yun)。“綠電”通過羅布(bu)莊南(nan)220千伏(fu)(fu)匯集(ji)站(zhan)送至(zhi)新疆(jiang)各地和疆(jiang)外(wai)，預計每年可提(ti)供4.22億度清潔電力(li)(li)，相當于(yu)節約(yue)標準(zhun)煤12.8萬噸，減少二氧化(hua)碳排放量(liang)48.19萬噸。該項目(mu)總投資(zi)9.74億元，共安裝(zhuang)40臺5兆瓦風力(li)(li)發(fa)電機組，是南(nan)疆(jiang)首個(ge)全容(rong)量(liang)投運(yun)的(de)風電項目(mu)，對優化(hua)南(nan)疆(jiang)能(neng)源結構，提(ti)高區域電力(li)(li)保障能(neng)力(li)(li)有重要意義。

5月(yue)30日(ri)，新疆(jiang)達(da)坂城(cheng)50萬(wan)千瓦(wa)光伏(fu)項(xiang)目(mu)成功并網。該項(xiang)目(mu)位于烏(wu)魯木齊市(shi)達(da)坂城(cheng)區西溝鄉雷家(jia)溝村(cun)，占地面積約1.5萬(wan)畝(mu)，項(xiang)目(mu)配(pei)套建設1座(zuo)220千伏(fu)匯集站（含(han)2臺250MVA主變壓器(qi)）及1座(zuo)生產綜合樓(lou)，由152個電(dian)池(chi)方陣組成。該項(xiang)目(mu)投產后(hou)，預(yu)計(ji)每年可提(ti)供8.5億度清潔(jie)能源電(dian)力，相當于每年節約標準煤27.23萬(wan)噸(dun)，減(jian)少(shao)二氧化(hua)碳排放量84余萬(wan)噸(dun)，減(jian)少(shao)煙塵(chen)約23.15萬(wan)噸(dun)，減(jian)少(shao)氮氧化(hua)合物約1.27萬(wan)噸(dun)，有效助力雙(shuang)碳目(mu)標的(de)實現。

二、“疆電外送”助力國家能源低碳轉型

新疆(jiang)是(shi)我(wo)國(guo)向西(xi)開(kai)(kai)放的(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)門戶和(he)絲(si)綢之路(lu)經濟帶核心區，獨特的(de)地(di)理(li)位置有利于(yu)新能源向東和(he)向西(xi)輻射，獲得廣闊的(de)市場。“疆(jiang)電(dian)外送(song)”是(shi)把新疆(jiang)的(de)豐富資源就地(di)轉化成電(dian)力資源，輸送(song)給(gei)電(dian)力資源欠缺地(di)區的(de)工(gong)程項目(mu)，這是(shi)國(guo)家西(xi)部大開(kai)(kai)發戰(zhan)略、實現全國(guo)電(dian)站(zhan)聯網(wang)的(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)工(gong)程。

為加(jia)快“疆(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)外(wai)送(song)(song)”，新(xin)疆(jiang)不斷暢通(tong)外(wai)送(song)(song)通(tong)道(dao)(dao)建(jian)設，為保障華(hua)北、華(hua)東地(di)區電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力需求發揮(hui)了重要作用(yong)。2010年(nian)，新(xin)疆(jiang)建(jian)成(cheng)“疆(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)外(wai)送(song)(song)”第(di)(di)一通(tong)道(dao)(dao)——哈密至敦煌(huang)750千伏輸(shu)變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)工程，實現(xian)了新(xin)疆(jiang)與全(quan)國電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)的互(hu)聯互(hu)通(tong)。2013年(nian)，“疆(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)外(wai)送(song)(song)”第(di)(di)二通(tong)道(dao)(dao)——煙墩至沙洲750千伏輸(shu)變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)工程建(jian)成(cheng)投運。2014年(nian)，“疆(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)外(wai)送(song)(song)”第(di)(di)三通(tong)道(dao)(dao)——哈密南-鄭州±800千伏特高(gao)壓直流輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)工程建(jian)成(cheng)。2019年(nian)9月，“疆(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)外(wai)送(song)(song)”第(di)(di)四通(tong)道(dao)(dao)——昌吉至古泉±1100千伏特高(gao)壓直流輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)工程投運，標志著新(xin)疆(jiang)已形(xing)成(cheng)“內供四環網(wang)、外(wai)送(song)(song)四通(tong)道(dao)(dao)”的主(zhu)網(wang)架(jia)格局。目前，“疆(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)外(wai)送(song)(song)”能力達到2500萬千瓦。外(wai)送(song)(song)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量由(you)2010年(nian)的3億(yi)千瓦時(shi)擴大(da)至2023年(nian)的1262億(yi)千瓦時(shi)，外(wai)送(song)(song)省(sheng)份從(cong)最初的7個(ge)省(sheng)份擴展(zhan)到20個(ge)省(sheng)份。

據新(xin)疆電(dian)(dian)力交易(yi)中心發(fa)布的數據顯示，截(jie)至(zhi)2023年，新(xin)疆累計(ji)外送(song)(song)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)達到7408億(yi)千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦時，可供全國14億(yi)人用230天，相(xiang)當于就地(di)轉化(hua)標(biao)準煤22409萬(wan)(wan)噸(dun)。其中，新(xin)能源外送(song)(song)電(dian)(dian)占總外送(song)(song)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)的三成以上，即每送(song)(song)出的三度(du)(du)電(dian)(dian)中，就有(you)一度(du)(du)電(dian)(dian)是綠電(dian)(dian)，相(xiang)當于減排二氧化(hua)碳17152萬(wan)(wan)噸(dun)、二氧化(hua)硫54萬(wan)(wan)噸(dun)、氮氧化(hua)物(wu)47萬(wan)(wan)噸(dun)。今(jin)年1月至(zhi)4月，新(xin)疆外送(song)(song)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)達到383.92億(yi)千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦時，其中，新(xin)能源外送(song)(song)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)達到125.52億(yi)千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦時。

哈密南-鄭州特(te)高壓(ya)直流工(gong)程(cheng)作為(wei)“疆(jiang)電(dian)外(wai)送”首個特(te)高壓(ya)項(xiang)目，將(jiang)新疆(jiang)豐富的(de)(de)電(dian)能(neng)輸(shu)送到(dao)中部(bu)地區，對于跨(kua)地區電(dian)力(li)輸(shu)送和能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)應具有重(zhong)要意義(yi)。南疆(jiang)地區的(de)(de)庫車—阿拉(la)爾(er)—巴(ba)楚(chu)750千(qian)伏輸(shu)變電(dian)工(gong)程(cheng)建成后，將(jiang)形成阿克蘇地區的(de)(de)750千(qian)伏環網，能(neng)提高南疆(jiang)地區新能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)送出消納能(neng)力(li)。在距離塔克拉(la)瑪干(gan)沙漠71公里處，新建的(de)(de)阿拉(la)爾(er)750千(qian)伏變電(dian)站正在建設(she)中，該工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)前期工(gong)作已全部(bu)完成，進入基(ji)礎(chu)開挖階段。

今年3月(yue)11日，新(xin)(xin)疆(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)第(di)三(san)條特(te)高(gao)壓(ya)直(zhi)流(liu)外(wai)送(song)通(tong)道(dao)哈密—重慶±800千(qian)伏(fu)特(te)高(gao)壓(ya)直(zhi)流(liu)輸電(dian)(dian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)新(xin)(xin)疆(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)段(duan)全面進入基礎施工(gong)(gong)(gong)。這是(shi)新(xin)(xin)疆(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)開工(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)設的(de)第(di)五(wu)條外(wai)送(song)通(tong)道(dao)，也(ye)是(shi)第(di)三(san)條特(te)高(gao)壓(ya)直(zhi)流(liu)外(wai)送(song)通(tong)道(dao)。哈重工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)是(shi)國家(jia)“十四五(wu)”發(fa)展規劃確定的(de)102項重大工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)之一，是(shi)“疆(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)電(dian)(dian)入渝”工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)重要組成部(bu)分。工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)起于(yu)新(xin)(xin)疆(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)哈密市(shi)，止于(yu)重慶市(shi)渝北(bei)區，動態投(tou)資286億元，額定電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)為(wei)±800千(qian)伏(fu)、額定送(song)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)量為(wei)800萬千(qian)瓦(wa)。該工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)成后，新(xin)(xin)疆(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)外(wai)送(song)能力將達(da)到3300萬千(qian)瓦(wa)，提升32個百分點。