日前,國家發展改革委就全(quan)面放(fang)開(kai)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)性(xing)(xing)電力(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶發用(yong)(yong)(yong)電計(ji)(ji)劃發放(fang)通(tong)(tong)知(zhi)(以下簡(jian)稱“通(tong)(tong)知(zhi)”),通(tong)(tong)知(zhi)就全(quan)面放(fang)開(kai)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)性(xing)(xing)電力(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶發用(yong)(yong)(yong)電計(ji)(ji)劃、支持中小用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶參與(yu)市場(chang)化交易、健全(quan)全(quan)面放(fang)開(kai)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)性(xing)(xing)發用(yong)(yong)(yong)電計(ji)(ji)劃后的價格形成機制(zhi)、切實(shi)做好公益性(xing)(xing)用(yong)(yong)(yong)電的供應保障(zhang)及規劃內清潔電源的發電消納保障(zhang)等工(gong)作進(jin)行(xing)了具體(ti)部署。
信達證券認為,電(dian)(dian)改進入“深水(shui)區”,國改試點(dian)正當時(shi)(shi)。國內電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)供給呈(cheng)現電(dian)(dian)量寬(kuan)松、電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)緊(jin)張的局面,電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)市(shi)場化交(jiao)易比例逐(zhu)年(nian)抬升,電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)的定價(jia)方式由政府規定的上網電(dian)(dian)價(jia),逐(zhu)步(bu)轉向了市(shi)場電(dian)(dian)價(jia),同(tong)時(shi)(shi),“五大四(si)小兩(liang)網”正逐(zhu)步(bu)參與(yu)國改、混改,這些積極的變化有(you)利于破解壟斷機制帶來的效率低、成(cheng)本高(gao)企(qi)等難題,電(dian)(dian)企(qi)盈利能力(li)(li)將得(de)到提升。
通過市場化交易降成本
國金證券分析師(shi)孫春(chun)旭(xu)認為,通知旨在通過市(shi)場(chang)化交易(yi)降成本(ben),提升制造業(ye)競(jing)爭力(li),推(tui)動用電(dian)量(liang)增長(chang)。經營性電(dian)力(li)用戶發用電(dian)計劃是繼(ji)2018年放開煤炭、鋼鐵、有色、建(jian)材4個行(xing)業(ye)電(dian)力(li)用戶發用電(dian)計劃后,推(tui)動除居民、農業(ye)、重要公(gong)(gong)用事業(ye)和公(gong)(gong)益性服(fu)務等(deng)行(xing)業(ye)電(dian)力(li)用戶以及電(dian)力(li)生產供應所必需的廠用電(dian)和線損之外的其(qi)他電(dian)力(li)用戶的全電(dian)量(liang)與交易(yi)。
孫(sun)春(chun)旭分析(xi),具(ju)體看,通(tong)知(zhi)的目的有(you)二:一(yi)是深化電(dian)力改革,擴(kuo)大電(dian)力市(shi)場化交易。二是通(tong)過(guo)建立(li)市(shi)場化價格形成(cheng)機(ji)制(zhi)降成(cheng)本(ben)。中美(mei)貿(mao)易摩擦背景下,降能源(yuan)成(cheng)本(ben)有(you)利于(yu)(yu)提(ti)(ti)振制(zhi)造業競(jing)爭力。通(tong)知(zhi)規定鼓勵電(dian)力用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)和發(fa)電(dian)企業自(zi)主(zhu)協商簽(qian)訂合(he)同(tong)時(shi)(shi),以靈(ling)活(huo)可(ke)浮(fu)動的形式確定具(ju)體價格。此舉意味著(zhu)售電(dian)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)可(ke)以簽(qian)訂長(chang)期(qi)浮(fu)動價格合(he)同(tong)降低發(fa)電(dian)成(cheng)本(ben)。同(tong)時(shi)(shi),由于(yu)(yu)通(tong)知(zhi)涉及的放開的電(dian)力用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)主(zhu)要為(wei)電(dian)價較(jiao)高(gao)的一(yi)般(ban)工商業用(yong)(yong)戶(hu),放開后(hou)電(dian)網(wang)不再享受這部分用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)的購銷(xiao)差(cha)價,僅獲取輸配電(dian)價,因(yin)此,減(jian)少(shao)電(dian)網(wang)的中間環節成(cheng)本(ben)將成(cheng)為(wei)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)降成(cheng)本(ben)的重要來源(yuan)。電(dian)力成(cheng)本(ben)下降有(you)利于(yu)(yu)提(ti)(ti)升制(zhi)造業競(jing)爭力,提(ti)(ti)振下游用(yong)(yong)電(dian)量(liang)增長(chang),提(ti)(ti)高(gao)供(gong)電(dian)設備利用(yong)(yong)率。
電力板塊具備“洼地”特征
孫春旭指出,電(dian)力(li)市(shi)場(chang)化的(de)主要目的(de)是還原電(dian)力(li)的(de)商品屬性(xing)(xing),由電(dian)力(li)供需平衡發(fa)現(xian)(xian)價(jia)格(ge)。預計浮動價(jia)格(ge)或將使(shi)得電(dian)價(jia)呈現(xian)(xian)淡季低(di)價(jia)旺季高價(jia)的(de)格(ge)局,更(geng)好地反映電(dian)力(li)供需及發(fa)電(dian)成本。保(bao)障清潔能(neng)源(yuan)消納,降低(di)棄水、棄風、棄光。通知鼓勵經營(ying)性(xing)(xing)電(dian)力(li)用戶與核電(dian)、水電(dian)、風電(dian)、太陽(yang)能(neng)發(fa)電(dian)等清潔能(neng)源(yuan)開展市(shi)場(chang)化交易,這一(yi)措施(shi)利好具備外送(song)條件(jian)的(de)清潔能(neng)源(yuan)消納,推(tui)薦華(hua)能(neng)水電(dian),國投電(dian)力(li)。
光大證券分析師王威指出(chu),綜(zong)合估(gu)值(zhi)、業(ye)績增(zeng)速和近一個季度(du)的(de)(de)(de)相對漲幅來看(kan),電力(li)板塊(kuai)具備了行業(ye)輪動(dong)所(suo)需要的(de)(de)(de)“洼(wa)地”特征,建(jian)議在電力(li)板塊(kuai)中積(ji)極尋(xun)找具有基本面支撐且(qie)具備改革、重(zhong)組預期的(de)(de)(de)二、三線(xian)火電標的(de)(de)(de)進行配置(zhi),并積(ji)極布局(ju)行業(ye)板塊(kuai)輪動(dong)帶來的(de)(de)(de)一線(xian)標的(de)(de)(de)補漲機會。
此(ci)外,在2019年(nian)厄爾尼諾年(nian)有(you)助于水電(dian)(dian)利用小時提升(sheng),且三季度(du)A股(gu)方向不(bu)明之(zhi)際(ji),增加大型水電(dian)(dian)公司配(pei)置。推薦長(chang)源電(dian)(dian)力(li)、京能(neng)電(dian)(dian)力(li),建議(yi)關(guan)注(zhu)大型水電(dian)(dian)公司長(chang)江電(dian)(dian)力(li)、國(guo)投電(dian)(dian)力(li)、華(hua)能(neng)水電(dian)(dian)等(deng),以及具備改革潛(qian)力(li)的相關(guan)個股(gu)。