增(zeng)量配(pei)電改革作為此輪電改的新任(ren)務,該如何開(kai)展,沒有前例可參考,只能是(shi)“邊干邊調整”。改革初期的政策要求與(yu)管理(li)導向就(jiu)非常重要。
一、現有對增量配電改革的主要政策要求
1、關于增量配電改革范圍
增量(liang)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)網原(yuan)則上指110千(qian)(qian)伏(fu)及(ji)以(yi)下(xia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓等級電(dian)(dian)(dian)網和220(330)千(qian)(qian)伏(fu)及(ji)以(yi)下(xia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓等級工業園區(經濟(ji)開發(fa)區)等局(ju)域電(dian)(dian)(dian)網,不(bu)涉及(ji)220千(qian)(qian)伏(fu)及(ji)以(yi)上輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)網建(jian)設,增量(liang)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)網建(jian)設應當(dang)符合省級配電(dian)(dian)(dian)網規劃,符合國(guo)家電(dian)(dian)(dian)力發(fa)展(zhan)戰略、產業政策(ce)和市場主體對電(dian)(dian)(dian)能配送的要求。
已納入省級相關(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)、但(dan)尚未(wei)核(he)(he)準(zhun)或(huo)(huo)備案的(de)配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)項目和(he)已獲核(he)(he)準(zhun)或(huo)(huo)備案、但(dan)在(zai)相關(guan)文件(jian)有效期內未(wei)開工建(jian)設的(de)配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)項目均屬于增(zeng)(zeng)量(liang)配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)范圍;電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)已獲批(pi)并(bing)開工、但(dan)在(zai)核(he)(he)準(zhun)或(huo)(huo)備案文件(jian)有效期內實(shi)際完(wan)成投資不(bu)足10%的(de)項目,可納入增(zeng)(zeng)量(liang)配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)試點;由(you)于歷史原因(yin),地方或(huo)(huo)用(yong)(yong)戶無償移交(jiao)給(gei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)運(yun)營的(de)配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設施(shi),資產權屬依法明(ming)確(que)為非(fei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de),屬于增(zeng)(zeng)量(liang)配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設施(shi);各地可以根(gen)據需要,開展正常方式下僅具備配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)功能的(de)規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)內220(330)千伏增(zeng)(zeng)量(liang)配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)試點,可不(bu)限于用(yong)(yong)戶專用(yong)(yong)變電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)和(he)終(zhong)端變電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)。
2、關于試點條件
試點(dian)(dian)項(xiang)目應達到一定的面積(ji)和(he)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)規(gui)(gui)模(mo),原則上(shang)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)面積(ji)在10平方(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)里(li)以上(shang),規(gui)(gui)劃三年內年供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)達到1億千(qian)瓦時(shi)以上(shang),或電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)在1億元以上(shang);鼓(gu)勵縣級以上(shang)工業(ye)園區(qu)(經(jing)濟開(kai)發區(qu))、產(chan)(chan)業(ye)園區(qu)開(kai)展增(zeng)量(liang)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)業(ye)務(wu)改革試點(dian)(dian);鼓(gu)勵擁有配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)存量(liang)資(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)控股權(quan)的地(di)方(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)、躉售縣等開(kai)展增(zeng)量(liang)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)業(ye)務(wu)改革試點(dian)(dian);鼓(gu)勵擁有配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)資(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)的油田、工礦企業(ye)生產(chan)(chan)區(qu)開(kai)展增(zeng)量(liang)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)業(ye)務(wu)改革試點(dian)(dian);鼓(gu)勵電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)企業(ye)以外已投(tou)資(zi)(zi)、建設和(he)運營存量(liang)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)的項(xiang)目投(tou)資(zi)(zi)者,直接向省政府相關部門申請將(jiang)其作(zuo)為增(zeng)量(liang)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)業(ye)務(wu)改革試點(dian)(dian),項(xiang)目業(ye)主不(bu)變,不(bu)再履(lv)行招標程序;鼓(gu)勵供(gong)水、供(gong)氣(qi)、供(gong)熱(re)等公(gong)(gong)共服務(wu)行業(ye)和(he)節能服務(wu)公(gong)(gong)司參與增(zeng)量(liang)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)業(ye)務(wu)改革。
3、關于價格
配電價格核定前,暫按售電公司或電力用(yong)戶接入電壓(ya)等(deng)級對應(ying)的(de)省級電網(wang)共用(yong)網(wang)絡(luo)輸(shu)配電價扣(kou)減該配電網(wang)接入電壓(ya)等(deng)級對應(ying)的(de)省級電網(wang)共用(yong)網(wang)絡(luo)輸(shu)配電價執行(xing)。
鼓(gu)勵(li)各地(di)結合本(ben)地(di)實際(ji)采用招(zhao)標定價法(fa)、準許(xu)收入(ru)法(fa)、最高限價法(fa)、標尺競爭法(fa)等(deng)方法(fa)核定獨立配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)價格(ge)。支持增量配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)網企業在保證配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)區(qu)域內用戶平均配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)價格(ge)不(bu)高于核定的(de)配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)價格(ge)水平情況下(xia),采取(qu)靈活的(de)價格(ge)策略(lve),探索新的(de)經營模(mo)式。
增(zeng)(zeng)量配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)與省級(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)之間的結算電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia),按照《關于制(zhi)定地方電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)和增(zeng)(zeng)量配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)格的指導意見》(發(fa)改價(jia)格〔2017〕2269號)的要求,按現行省級(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)相(xiang)應(ying)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)等(deng)級(ji)輸(shu)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)執(zhi)行。
4、關于電源接入
具備條件的(增(zeng)量配電(dian)(dian)(dian)試點(dian)),還應與分布式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)、微電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)、綜合能源(yuan)等方面的發展相協調,允許符合政策且(qie)納入規劃的分布式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)以(yi)適(shi)當電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓等級就近接入增(zeng)量配電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang),但(dan)試點(dian)項(xiang)目內不得以(yi)常規機(ji)(ji)組(zu)“拉專線(xian)”的方式(shi)向用戶(hu)直接供電(dian)(dian)(dian),不得依托(tuo)常規機(ji)(ji)組(zu)組(zu)建(jian)局(ju)域(yu)網(wang)(wang)、微電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang),不得依托(tuo)自(zi)備電(dian)(dian)(dian)廠建(jian)設增(zeng)量配電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang),禁(jin)止以(yi)任(ren)何(he)方式(shi)將公用電(dian)(dian)(dian)廠轉為自(zi)備電(dian)(dian)(dian)廠。
現階段不(bu)允許增(zeng)量配網直接(jie)接(jie)入電源(yuan),這是不(bu)能觸碰的(de)紅線(xian),因為輸(shu)配電價改革是逐步推(tui)進的(de)過(guo)程,電網企業目前還承擔著(zhu)7~8分(fen)錢的(de)政策性交叉(cha)補(bu)貼,增(zeng)量配網直接(jie)接(jie)入電源(yuan)會出現規避交叉(cha)補(bu)貼的(de)問題。
5、關于規劃與建設
增(zeng)量配電(dian)業務(wu)試點項目規(gui)劃需納入省級(ji)相關電(dian)網規(gui)劃,實現(xian)增(zeng)量配電(dian)網與(yu)公用電(dian)網互(hu)聯互(hu)通和優(you)化布局,避免無(wu)序(xu)發展(zhan)和重復建設。
園區類(lei)試點項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)規(gui)劃(hua)范(fan)(fan)圍原(yuan)則上為園區土(tu)地(di)利(li)用(yong)規(gui)劃(hua)和(he)城(cheng)鄉建(jian)設規(gui)劃(hua)等上位規(gui)劃(hua)確定的(de)范(fan)(fan)圍,非園區類(lei)試點項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)規(gui)劃(hua)范(fan)(fan)圍由省級能源主管部門(men)與地(di)方政府協商(shang)確定。與增量(liang)配電網相鄰的(de)存量(liang)資產應(ying)納入(ru)規(gui)劃(hua)范(fan)(fan)圍統籌(chou)規(gui)劃(hua),避免重復建(jian)設,提高系統效率(lv)。同一試點項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)多個規(gui)劃(hua)范(fan)(fan)圍之間,通過輸電線路(lu)互聯互通的(de),該輸電項(xiang)目(mu)不(bu)納入(ru)增量(liang)配電網試點項(xiang)目(mu)規(gui)劃(hua)范(fan)(fan)圍。
試點項目涉及的(de)增量配電(dian)網(wang)應與公用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)網(wang)相(xiang)連,除鼓勵發展以(yi)可再(zai)生能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)就近(jin)消納以(yi)及促進能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)梯(ti)級利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)為(wei)目的(de)的(de)局域網(wang)、微電(dian)網(wang)外,發電(dian)企業及其資(zi)本不得(de)參與投資(zi)建(jian)(jian)設電(dian)廠(chang)向用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶直(zhi)接(jie)供(gong)電(dian)的(de)專(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)線(xian)路,也不得(de)參與投資(zi)建(jian)(jian)設電(dian)廠(chang)與其參與投資(zi)的(de)增量配電(dian)網(wang)絡相(xiang)連的(de)專(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)線(xian)路。
試點(dian)項目(mu)涉(she)及的(de)增(zeng)量配電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)應(ying)與公(gong)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)相連,不得(de)孤(gu)網(wang)運行。試點(dian)項目(mu)內不得(de)以(yi)常(chang)規(gui)機組“拉專線”的(de)方式向(xiang)用(yong)戶直接供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian),不得(de)依托常(chang)規(gui)機組建局域網(wang)、微電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang),不得(de)依托自備(bei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)建設增(zeng)量配電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang),防止以(yi)規(gui)避社(she)會(hui)責任為代價營造低成本優(you)勢(shi)。禁止將公(gong)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)轉為自備(bei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)。
避免重復建設、交叉(cha)供電,確保電力供應安(an)全(quan)可靠(kao)。
6、關于配電區域劃分
各(ge)地要按照(zhao)界限清晰(xi)、責(ze)任(ren)明確的(de)原則,以及(ji)增量配(pei)電(dian)區(qu)域劃分(fen)相關辦法,劃定試(shi)點項(xiang)目的(de)供電(dian)范圍,避免重復建設(she)和交叉供電(dian),確保(bao)電(dian)力(li)供應安全可靠(kao)。
配(pei)電區(qu)域(yu)原則上(shang)應按照地理范圍(wei)或行政區(qu)域(yu)劃分,具有(you)清(qing)晰的邊(bian)界,避免出現重復建設、交叉供電、普遍服務和保(bao)底供電服務無法(fa)落(luo)實等情況。
鼓勵(li)以滿足可再生(sheng)能源就近消(xiao)納為主(zhu)要目標的增(zeng)量配(pei)電業務,支(zhi)持依(yi)據其可再生(sheng)能源供電范圍、電力負荷(he)等(deng)情況劃分配(pei)電區(qu)域。不得依(yi)托(tuo)燃煤自備(bei)電廠建設(she)增(zeng)量配(pei)電網,防止(zhi)以規避社會(hui)責(ze)任為代價營(ying)造成(cheng)本優勢。
7、支持性的規定
除電(dian)網(wang)企業(ye)存量(liang)資(zi)產(chan)外,擁有(you)配電(dian)網(wang)存量(liang)資(zi)產(chan)絕對(dui)控股權(quan)的(de)公(gong)司,包括(kuo)高新(xin)產(chan)業(ye)園區、經濟技術開發(fa)區、地方(fang)電(dian)網(wang)、躉(dun)售縣等,未經營配電(dian)網(wang)業(ye)務(wu)的(de),可向地方(fang)政府能源管理部門(men)申請并獲準(zhun)開展配電(dian)網(wang)業(ye)務(wu)。
增(zeng)量配電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)并網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)運(yun)行時,按網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)對網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)關系與(yu)(yu)相關電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)調(diao)度機構簽訂并網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)協議。增(zeng)量配電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)項目業主在配電(dian)區域內擁有與(yu)(yu)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)企業在互(hu)聯互(hu)通、建設運(yun)營、參與(yu)(yu)電(dian)力市(shi)場、保底供電(dian)、分布式電(dian)源和微電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)并網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)、新能源消(xiao)納等方(fang)面同等的權利和義務。
電(dian)網(wang)(wang)企(qi)業(ye)要向增量配電(dian)業(ye)務試點項目無歧視(shi)開放(fang)公共(gong)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)。
從(cong)以(yi)上規定要點可(ke)以(yi)看出,政府一方(fang)面(mian)在鼓勵盡可(ke)能多的存量非電網(wang)企(qi)業投資(zi)的配(pei)電資(zi)產轉制為(wei)增(zeng)量配(pei)電網(wang),希望更多的社會(hui)資(zi)本和地區分享此項(xiang)改(gai)革工作紅(hong)利,另一方(fang)面(mian),又(you)在價格、電源接入、規劃與建設(she)等方(fang)面(mian)對(dui)增(zeng)量配(pei)電試點劃出“紅(hong)線”,加以(yi)約束。
現有(you)規定內容是“約束多(duo),支持(chi)少(shao)”“禁止多(duo),允(yun)許(xu)少(shao)”,筆者根據近年參(can)(can)與相關工作的(de)體會,很多(duo)參(can)(can)與增量配電試(shi)點(dian)的(de)社(she)會資本對有(you)些(xie)約束性(xing)規定頗有(you)微詞,甚至反對。
現有管(guan)理導向是確保現有供電服務(wu)格局與管(guan)理模式不受影響的謹慎推(tui)進(jin)。“求穩”是管(guan)理導向。盡管(guan)《關(guan)于(yu)進(jin)一步推(tui)進(jin)增量配(pei)電業務(wu)改革的通(tong)知(zhi)(征求意見稿)》提(ti)出了一系列針(zhen)對性較強的改革措施(shi)(shi),曾給社會資本帶來希望,但正式文件內容與政(zheng)策(ce)實施(shi)(shi)情(qing)況還是不及社會期待。
這說明管理(li)部門(men)是清楚增(zeng)量(liang)配電改革推進過程中的(de)(de)(de)癥(zheng)結所在的(de)(de)(de),現(xian)在更多的(de)(de)(de)糾結于(yu)“管”與“放”最優(you)狀態的(de)(de)(de)把(ba)握上。管理(li)本身就是一種(zhong)平衡的(de)(de)(de)藝術(shu)。在“放”與“管”之(zhi)間,如何取得平衡,既考驗施(shi)政(zheng)者的(de)(de)(de)智慧(hui),又考驗施(shi)政(zheng)者的(de)(de)(de)膽量(liang)。
二、三個突破
如(ru)果設置(zhi)“紅線”是為(wei)了避免“一放就亂”,筆者認為(wei),這(zhe)種(zhong)擔心(xin)大可不必,因為(wei)只要(yao)政(zheng)府(fu)(包括(kuo)中央政(zheng)府(fu)和地方政(zheng)府(fu))做好監(jian)管,增(zeng)量配電(dian)改革(ge)出現這(zhe)一局面的可能性非常非常的低。為(wei)此,應該從(cong)以下三(san)方面實現突破。
首(shou)先,突(tu)破現有(you)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)模式。將(jiang)增(zeng)量配電(dian)(dian)改(gai)革(ge)試(shi)點(dian)(dian)審批(pi)權下放給省(sheng)級政(zheng)府(fu)(fu),中央政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)加大督(du)查與(yu)(yu)指導,將(jiang)地(di)(di)(di)方(fang)試(shi)點(dian)(dian)開(kai)展情(qing)況與(yu)(yu)中央給予地(di)(di)(di)方(fang)的(de)能源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)力相關產業支持性政(zheng)策相掛鉤,讓最了解地(di)(di)(di)方(fang)情(qing)況的(de)地(di)(di)(di)方(fang)政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)設好(hao)準入標(biao)準、加強全過程管理,積極(ji)推動相關工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)落實。這樣將(jiang)有(you)助于更多符(fu)合申(shen)報(bao)條(tiao)件、高(gao)價(jia)值的(de)試(shi)點(dian)(dian)潛在標(biao)的(de)脫穎而出,有(you)助于地(di)(di)(di)方(fang)政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)把此項改(gai)革(ge)做實,加速改(gai)革(ge)紅利的(de)兌(dui)現。工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)模式的(de)突(tu)破將(jiang)極(ji)大提高(gao)增(zeng)量配電(dian)(dian)改(gai)革(ge)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)效率。
其(qi)次,突破現有思維模(mo)式(shi)。經(jing)過(guo)前(qian)四批的(de)試(shi)點工作(zuo),社會(hui)(hui)資(zi)(zi)本(ben)與電(dian)網央(yang)企已經(jing)變得更加(jia)理性,對增量(liang)配電(dian)改(gai)革的(de)認(ren)識與理解也更加(jia)客觀(guan)和現實,只要地(di)方政府能夠(gou)在(zai)“組(zu)局、搭臺子”上發(fa)揮好協調(diao)作(zuo)用,電(dian)網央(yang)企愿意拿出(chu)一(yi)些(xie)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)與地(di)方國企、社會(hui)(hui)資(zi)(zi)本(ben)共享共贏,“大(da)(da)家一(yi)起搭伙發(fa)展”的(de)局面肯定會(hui)(hui)形(xing)成的(de)。思維模(mo)式(shi)的(de)突破極大(da)(da)促進電(dian)網央(yang)企與地(di)方經(jing)濟的(de)緊密協同(tong)與融(rong)合發(fa)展,極大(da)(da)提高增量(liang)配電(dian)改(gai)革工作(zuo)質量(liang)。
第三,突(tu)破現(xian)有發(fa)展(zhan)模式。鼓勵在(zai)用(yong)(yong)戶側的(de)(de)(de)基于市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)化(hua)規則的(de)(de)(de)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務創新、業(ye)(ye)(ye)態創新。在(zai)電(dian)力(li)(li)領域,電(dian)力(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)化(hua)改革(ge),以及配(pei)電(dian)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務引入社會資(zi)本(ben)后,用(yong)(yong)戶的(de)(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)中心地(di)位日益凸(tu)顯(xian),與(yu)(yu)用(yong)(yong)戶需求的(de)(de)(de)牽引作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)、技術變(bian)革(ge)的(de)(de)(de)驅動(dong)(dong)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)交織,構成了電(dian)力(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)發(fa)展(zhan)、相關(guan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務和(he)業(ye)(ye)(ye)態創新的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要動(dong)(dong)力(li)(li),即越靠近用(yong)(yong)戶端的(de)(de)(de)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務創新活力(li)(li)越強、創新沖(chong)動(dong)(dong)越強。發(fa)展(zhan)模式的(de)(de)(de)突(tu)破,歸根結底是(shi)充分(fen)發(fa)揮由(you)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)規則、用(yong)(yong)戶需求與(yu)(yu)技術變(bian)革(ge)構成的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)新動(dong)(dong)能的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong),推動(dong)(dong)政策與(yu)(yu)監管創新,消除(chu)由(you)電(dian)網“壟(long)斷”造成的(de)(de)(de)“關(guan)聯(lian)交易”或其他影響市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)公(gong)平的(de)(de)(de)行(xing)為,促(cu)進各類(lei)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)要素自由(you)高效流通。
筆者認為(wei),在(zai)“三個突破(po)”中,突破(po)現有工(gong)作(zuo)模(mo)式(shi)是(shi)(shi)實現思(si)維模(mo)式(shi)突破(po)、發展(zhan)模(mo)式(shi)突破(po)的(de)(de)前提(ti)。地(di)(di)(di)(di)方政(zheng)府(fu)在(zai)增(zeng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)配(pei)電改革(ge)中應該發揮(hui)更(geng)大更(geng)關鍵的(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)。那(nei)些(xie)認為(wei),在(zai)增(zeng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)配(pei)電改革(ge)中,地(di)(di)(di)(di)方政(zheng)府(fu)“無用(yong)論”的(de)(de)觀點是(shi)(shi)片(pian)面、站不住腳的(de)(de)。只要給(gei)予地(di)(di)(di)(di)方足夠(gou)的(de)(de)政(zheng)策空(kong)間、發展(zhan)壓(ya)力(li),很多(duo)地(di)(di)(di)(di)方政(zheng)府(fu)有足夠(gou)的(de)(de)的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)能力(li)與創新能力(li)的(de)(de)。在(zai)此背景下,增(zeng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)配(pei)電改革(ge)政(zheng)策,特別是(shi)(shi)與實施相關的(de)(de)政(zheng)策應下放給(gei)地(di)(di)(di)(di)方政(zheng)府(fu)主導,突破(po)現有思(si)維模(mo)式(shi),結(jie)合當地(di)(di)(di)(di)實際情況,順勢而(er)為(wei),針對(dui)(dui)(dui)性(xing)研究制定出臺政(zheng)策,提(ti)高可操(cao)作(zuo)性(xing),增(zeng)加(jia)電網央企與地(di)(di)(di)(di)方經濟發展(zhan)的(de)(de)協同性(xing)與融合性(xing)。地(di)(di)(di)(di)方政(zheng)府(fu)通過(guo)加(jia)強監管(guan)(guan)(guan),特別是(shi)(shi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)電網企業管(guan)(guan)(guan)制類業務與市場(chang)化業務的(de)(de)差異化監管(guan)(guan)(guan),積極營造一個鼓勵創新、公平(ping)(ping)公正的(de)(de)市場(chang)環境,促進(jin)增(zeng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)配(pei)電改革(ge)發展(zhan)模(mo)式(shi)的(de)(de)突破(po)。這些(xie)工(gong)作(zuo)都是(shi)(shi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)地(di)(di)(di)(di)方政(zheng)府(fu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)水平(ping)(ping)的(de)(de)一次考(kao)驗(yan)和提(ti)升。
近兩年,貴州、云南、廣(guang)東(dong)與新疆、四川、江蘇等(deng)地方政府已(yi)經(jing)嘗試結(jie)合(he)各自實際情況,在配(pei)電價格、與大網結(jie)算關系、試點建設、分(fen)布式發電等(deng)方面出臺增量配(pei)電改革相關政策,積極(ji)推(tui)進相關工作。
總之,筆(bi)者(zhe)認為,既然增量(liang)配電(dian)(dian)改革是一(yi)項(xiang)(xiang)極富創新(xin)性、挑戰(zhan)性和突破(po)性的(de)改革任務,相關(guan)政(zheng)策制定(ding)單位就應該多從科(ke)學(xue)監管與規則完善思考和開展工作,避(bi)免“一(yi)刀切”式的(de)管理。既然增量(liang)配電(dian)(dian)網(wang)是“電(dian)(dian)網(wang)”就應該享受(shou)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)的(de)權利(li),也要履行電(dian)(dian)網(wang)責任。如果(guo)還將其(qi)按照(zhao)“電(dian)(dian)網(wang)形態(tai)的(de)大用戶(hu)”對待,劃很(hen)多“紅線”,恐怕(pa)這項(xiang)(xiang)改革的(de)作用與效果(guo)都(dou)將會(hui)大大折扣。
在7月9日全國能(neng)源(yuan)迎峰(feng)度夏(xia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)視電(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)會議,國家(jia)發改(gai)(gai)委提(ti)出增(zeng)(zeng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)近期(qi)重點(dian)工作(zuo):一是要將創(chuang)新服(fu)務(wu)作(zuo)為增(zeng)(zeng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)業務(wu)的核(he)心工作(zuo),特別是向用戶側不斷延伸服(fu)務(wu);二(er)是將試點(dian)核(he)算分(fen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)等(deng)級的輸配電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)作(zuo)為增(zeng)(zeng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)業務(wu)運(yun)營(ying)的基本條(tiao)件;三(san)是要明確調度規則,將增(zeng)(zeng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)業務(wu)納入電(dian)(dian)(dian)力調度規則體系,保障(zhang)其有序(xu)安全運(yun)營(ying)。希望這些工作(zuo)能(neng)夠(gou)一步一步扎實推進(jin)下去。