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日前，國家發展改革委發布，《辦法》全文共分為11章、64條，就電力系統可靠性管理、發電可靠性管理、輸變電可靠性管理、供電可靠性管理、用戶可靠性管理等方面作出具體規定。《辦法》重點提出，積極穩妥推動發電側、電網側和用戶側儲能建設，合理確定建設規模，加強安全管理，推進源網荷儲一體化和多能互補。建立新型儲能建設需求發布機制，充分考慮系統各類靈活性調節資源的性能，允許各類儲能設施參與系統運行，增強電力系統的綜合調節能力。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)可(ke)(ke)靠性(xing)(xing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理是(shi)指為提高電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)可(ke)(ke)靠性(xing)(xing)水平而開展(zhan)的管(guan)(guan)(guan)理活動。據悉，自1992年(nian)(nian)起，原能源部、原電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)工(gong)業(ye)部、原國家經(jing)貿委分別在不同時(shi)期出臺(tai)了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)可(ke)(ke)靠性(xing)(xing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理工(gong)作的若干規定和暫(zan)行辦法等(deng)規章。2005年(nian)(nian)底(di)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)可(ke)(ke)靠性(xing)(xing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理被(bei)納入電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)監(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)體系。2007年(nian)(nian)4月，原國家電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)監(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)委員(yuan)會頒布實施《電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)可(ke)(ke)靠性(xing)(xing)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督管(guan)(guan)(guan)理辦法》（國家電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)監(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)委員(yuan)會令第24號(hao)），成為全行業(ye)開展(zhan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)可(ke)(ke)靠性(xing)(xing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理工(gong)作的根本依據。

隨著近年(nian)來我國電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)工(gong)業發生的(de)(de)巨大變化，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)體(ti)制(zhi)改革全(quan)面(mian)(mian)提(ti)速，新能(neng)源(yuan)和(he)(he)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)式能(neng)源(yuan)快速發展(zhan)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)結構和(he)(he)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)控制(zhi)日(ri)趨復雜(za)，為積極(ji)應對新形勢下電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統安全(quan)穩定運(yun)行(xing)(xing)面(mian)(mian)臨的(de)(de)新挑戰(zhan)與(yu)新要求(qiu)，需要進一步完善我國電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統可(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)管理體(ti)系(xi)。由此我國開始了《電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)可(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)監督管理辦法(fa)》的(de)(de)修訂工(gong)作。2021年(nian)1月(yue)，國家(jia)發展(zhan)改革委分(fen)(fen)管領導主持召開專題會(hui)議，進行(xing)(xing)討論(lun)，并提(ti)出了有(you)關修訂要求(qiu)和(he)(he)思路(lu)；2021年(nian)8月(yue)，發布(bu)(bu)了《電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)可(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)管理辦法(fa)（暫行(xing)(xing)）（征(zheng)求(qiu)意見稿）》。與(yu)《電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)可(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)監督管理辦法(fa)》比較，《辦法(fa)》增加(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統可(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)管理的(de)(de)內容，增加(jia)網(wang)絡安全(quan)的(de)(de)內容，明確電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)可(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)管理行(xing)(xing)政處罰措施。

在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)系統(tong)可(ke)靠(kao)性管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)方面，《辦法》規定(ding)(ding)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)應當(dang)(dang)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)供(gong)應及安(an)全(quan)風險(xian)(xian)進行預測，對(dui)運(yun)(yun)行數(shu)據(ju)開展(zhan)監測分析并評估電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)系統(tong)滿足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)需求的能力(li)(li)(li)。在(zai)系統(tong)穩定(ding)(ding)破壞事(shi)件(jian)、影響(xiang)系統(tong)安(an)全(quan)的非計劃停(ting)運(yun)(yun)事(shi)件(jian)和(he)停(ting)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)事(shi)件(jian)發生時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)應當(dang)(dang)依據(ju)《電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網調度管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)條(tiao)例》果斷(duan)快速處置；開展(zhan)事(shi)后評價，對(dui)發現(xian)的風險(xian)(xian)進行閉環管(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)應當(dang)(dang)根據(ju)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)系統(tong)風險(xian)(xian)和(he)自然災(zai)害影響(xiang)，制(zhi)定(ding)(ding)風險(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)措施，完善輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)網絡結構。對(dui)發現(xian)的風險(xian)(xian)和(he)隱患按(an)規定(ding)(ding)向政府有關(guan)部(bu)門和(he)相關(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)發出預警(jing)。

發(fa)電(dian)(dian)可(ke)靠性(xing)(xing)管(guan)理(li)是(shi)指為實現(xian)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機組(zu)及配(pei)(pei)套(tao)(tao)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)的(de)可(ke)靠性(xing)(xing)目標而開展的(de)活動(dong)(dong)，包括并(bing)網(wang)燃(ran)煤（燃(ran)氣(qi)）、水力(li)(li)、核能(neng)、風(feng)力(li)(li)、太陽能(neng)等(deng)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機組(zu)及配(pei)(pei)套(tao)(tao)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)的(de)可(ke)靠性(xing)(xing)管(guan)理(li)。對此，《辦法(fa)》提(ti)出，燃(ran)煤（燃(ran)氣(qi)）發(fa)電(dian)(dian)企業應當對參與(yu)深(shen)度調峰的(de)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機組(zu)開展可(ke)靠性(xing)(xing)評(ping)(ping)估，加強關鍵部件監(jian)測(ce)(ce)，確保調峰安(an)全(quan)裕(yu)度。電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)調度機構(gou)應當優(you)化調峰控制策略(lve)，綜合考慮(lv)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機組(zu)的(de)安(an)全(quan)性(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)經濟性(xing)(xing)。水電(dian)(dian)流(liu)域梯級電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)和(he)(he)具備(bei)(bei)調節性(xing)(xing)能(neng)的(de)水電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)應當建立水情自動(dong)(dong)測(ce)(ce)報系統，做(zuo)好電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)水庫(ku)優(you)化調度，建立信(xin)息(xi)共享機制。核電(dian)(dian)企業應當對常規(gui)島和(he)(he)配(pei)(pei)套(tao)(tao)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)（非核級設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)）開展設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)分級、監(jian)測(ce)(ce)與(yu)診斷、健康管(guan)理(li)、全(quan)壽命周(zhou)期可(ke)靠性(xing)(xing)管(guan)理(li)、動(dong)(dong)態風(feng)險評(ping)(ping)價等(deng)工作。

在輸(shu)變電(dian)可(ke)(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)管(guan)理方面(mian)，《辦法》強調，電(dian)力企(qi)業(ye)應當(dang)合理安(an)排變電(dian)站站址和線(xian)路(lu)路(lu)徑(jing)，科(ke)學選擇主接(jie)線(xian)和站間聯絡方式，增加(jia)系統運(yun)行(xing)的(de)安(an)全裕度。電(dian)力企(qi)業(ye)應當(dang)加(jia)強線(xian)路(lu)帶電(dian)作業(ye)、無人機巡檢(jian)、設(she)備狀(zhuang)態監測(ce)等先(xian)進技術應用，優化輸(shu)變電(dian)設(she)備運(yun)維(wei)檢(jian)修模(mo)式。鼓勵電(dian)力企(qi)業(ye)基于可(ke)(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)數據開展(zhan)電(dian)力設(she)備選型和運(yun)行(xing)維(wei)護工作，建立核心組(zu)部(bu)件溯(su)源管(guan)理機制(zhi)，優先(xian)選用高(gao)可(ke)(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)的(de)輸(shu)變電(dian)設(she)備，鼓勵開展(zhan)狀(zhuang)態檢(jian)修，提(ti)高(gao)設(she)備運(yun)行(xing)可(ke)(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)。

在供(gong)(gong)電(dian)可靠(kao)性管(guan)理方(fang)面，《辦法(fa)》提(ti)出，供(gong)(gong)電(dian)企(qi)業應當加強(qiang)城鄉配(pei)電(dian)網建設(she)，合(he)理設(she)置變電(dian)站、配(pei)變布點，合(he)理選擇配(pei)電(dian)網接線方(fang)式(shi)，保(bao)障供(gong)(gong)電(dian)能(neng)力。供(gong)(gong)電(dian)企(qi)業應當強(qiang)化設(she)備的監測(ce)和(he)分析，加強(qiang)巡(xun)視和(he)維護(hu)，及時(shi)消除設(she)備缺陷和(he)隱患。供(gong)(gong)電(dian)企(qi)業應當開展綜合(he)停(ting)(ting)電(dian)和(he)配(pei)電(dian)網故障快(kuai)速(su)搶修復電(dian)管(guan)理，推廣不停(ting)(ting)電(dian)作業和(he)配(pei)電(dian)自(zi)動化等技術，減少停(ting)(ting)電(dian)時(shi)間、次數和(he)影響范(fan)圍。地(di)方(fang)政府能(neng)源管(guan)理部門應當將供(gong)(gong)電(dian)可靠(kao)性指標(biao)納入電(dian)力系(xi)統規劃(hua)，并與城鄉建設(she)總體規劃(hua)銜接。

用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)可(ke)靠性管理(li)(li)是指為保證(zheng)用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)可(ke)靠性目(mu)標，減(jian)少(shao)對(dui)(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網安(an)全(quan)和(he)其(qi)他(ta)用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)造(zao)成影(ying)響，對(dui)(dui)其(qi)產權內的(de)配(pei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統和(he)設備(bei)(bei)開(kai)(kai)展的(de)活(huo)動(dong)。對(dui)(dui)此，《辦法》提(ti)出，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)應(ying)當根據國(guo)家(jia)有關規定(ding)和(he)標準開(kai)(kai)展配(pei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)工程(cheng)建(jian)設與運(yun)行維(wei)護，消除設備(bei)(bei)隱患，預防(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設備(bei)(bei)事故(gu)，防(fang)止對(dui)(dui)公用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網造(zao)成影(ying)響。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)配(pei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備(bei)(bei)危及系(xi)統安(an)全(quan)時，應(ying)當立即檢修或者停用(yong)(yong)(yong)。因(yin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)原因(yin)導致電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)企(qi)業無法向其(qi)他(ta)用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)正常供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或造(zao)成其(qi)他(ta)嚴重(zhong)(zhong)后果的(de)，應(ying)當承擔(dan)相應(ying)責任。重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)應(ying)當按規定(ding)配(pei)置(zhi)自備(bei)(bei)應(ying)急電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，加(jia)強運(yun)行維(wei)護，容量應(ying)當達到(dao)保安(an)負(fu)荷的(de)120%。地方政府(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)運(yun)行管理(li)(li)部門(men)應(ying)當確定(ding)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)名單(dan)，對(dui)(dui)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)自備(bei)(bei)應(ying)急電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源配(pei)置(zhi)和(he)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)情(qing)況(kuang)進行監督(du)管理(li)(li)。國(guo)家(jia)能(neng)源局派出機構對(dui)(dui)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源配(pei)置(zhi)情(qing)況(kuang)進行監督(du)管理(li)(li)。

此(ci)外，《辦(ban)法》還就網(wang)絡安全、信(xin)息管理(li)、監督管理(li)以及獎懲措施等方面作出具(ju)體規定。