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構建以新能源為主體的新型電力系統的關鍵在于提升系統的靈活性。儲能作為重要的調節資源，對于促進新能源高比例消納、保障電力安全供應和提高電力系統運行效率具有重要作用。應根據各類儲能的特點，結合新型電力系統的運行要求，協調推進儲能發展。

儲能有助于構建綠色、安全、高效的新型電力系統

有助于提高新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消納(na)水平，實(shi)現(xian)(xian)綠色低碳發展。構(gou)(gou)建新(xin)(xin)型(xing)電(dian)力系統的(de)(de)基本內涵是重構(gou)(gou)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)產供儲銷體系，實(shi)現(xian)(xian)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)由(you)以化(hua)石能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)為(wei)主體向以新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)為(wei)主體的(de)(de)轉(zhuan)型(xing)升級。與化(hua)石能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)相比，風(feng)電(dian)、光伏等新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)是“看天吃飯”的(de)(de)不(bu)穩(wen)定(ding)電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，儲能(neng)可有效解決新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)出力與用(yong)電(dian)負(fu)荷時空不(bu)匹配的(de)(de)問(wen)題，實(shi)現(xian)(xian)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)充分(fen)消納(na)利用(yong)。

有助于增強(qiang)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)靈(ling)活性，提(ti)(ti)高(gao)新型電(dian)力(li)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的安全(quan)水(shui)平。以新能(neng)源為(wei)主(zhu)體的新型電(dian)力(li)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)呈現(xian)明顯(xian)的高(gao)比例(li)可(ke)(ke)再生能(neng)源接入與高(gao)比例(li)電(dian)力(li)電(dian)子設備應用的“雙高(gao)”特(te)性。在碳(tan)達(da)峰(feng)、碳(tan)中和目標約束下，煤(mei)電(dian)等傳統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)調節電(dian)源發展規模受限，未(wei)來電(dian)力(li)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的靈(ling)活性難以滿足新能(neng)源大規模并(bing)網的運行要求。充(chong)放靈(ling)活的儲(chu)能(neng)不僅可(ke)(ke)有效(xiao)提(ti)(ti)升系統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)調節能(neng)力(li)，還(huan)可(ke)(ke)以為(wei)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)提(ti)(ti)供頻率(lv)、電(dian)壓(ya)支撐，改善電(dian)能(neng)質量，提(ti)(ti)高(gao)新型電(dian)力(li)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的安全(quan)穩定水(shui)平。

應用場(chang)景多元，提高(gao)新型(xing)電(dian)力(li)系(xi)統的運行(xing)(xing)效(xiao)率。在(zai)電(dian)源側(ce)，儲能(neng)(neng)可(ke)以通過(guo)協同優化運行(xing)(xing)提高(gao)新能(neng)(neng)源消(xiao)納(na)水平；在(zai)電(dian)網(wang)側(ce)，儲能(neng)(neng)可(ke)以提高(gao)電(dian)網(wang)供電(dian)能(neng)(neng)力(li)，延緩或替(ti)代電(dian)網(wang)投資；在(zai)用戶(hu)側(ce)，儲能(neng)(neng)可(ke)以與新型(xing)電(dian)力(li)終端(duan)深度融合(he)，形成(cheng)產銷一體、智慧用能(neng)(neng)的能(neng)(neng)源消(xiao)費新格局(ju)，提高(gao)系(xi)統運行(xing)(xing)效(xiao)率。

在不同時間尺度上發展不同功能定位的儲能

構建新型電(dian)力系統(tong)的核(he)心是新能源成為主體電(dian)源后(hou)如何實現和保障不(bu)同時(shi)間尺度上的電(dian)力電(dian)量平衡，其(qi)關鍵在于統(tong)籌發展不(bu)同功能定位的儲(chu)能。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)化學儲能(neng)具(ju)有精準控制(zhi)、快(kuai)速(su)響應(ying)、布局靈活的特點，持續放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間(jian)為(wei)分鐘至(zhi)小(xiao)時級，充放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)轉換相對靈活，可(ke)快(kuai)速(su)吸(xi)收、釋放(fang)功(gong)率(lv)，能(neng)夠有效支撐節點電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、平抑系統頻(pin)率(lv)波(bo)(bo)動(dong)，將不穩(wen)定的新(xin)能(neng)源出力(li)轉化為(wei)穩(wen)定可(ke)靠(kao)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)供應(ying)，適用于超短(duan)周(zhou)期(毫秒至(zhi)秒級)和短(duan)周(zhou)期(分鐘至(zhi)小(xiao)時級)調頻(pin)調壓場景。電(dian)(dian)(dian)化學儲能(neng)主要(yao)解決新(xin)能(neng)源波(bo)(bo)動(dong)性問題，在頻(pin)率(lv)控制(zhi)、改(gai)善(shan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)質量、可(ke)再生(sheng)能(neng)源消納等方面發揮重要(yao)作用。

抽水(shui)蓄能具(ju)有(you)大規(gui)模能量吞吐能力(li)(li)，放電(dian)時間為小時級及以上，具(ju)有(you)長時間尺度(日內和多日)的電(dian)網調(diao)峰及電(dian)力(li)(li)平衡能力(li)(li)。抽水(shui)蓄能主要解決新能源(yuan)間歇(xie)性(xing)問題，在提升系統調(diao)峰能力(li)(li)、系統安全性(xing)和特殊天氣場景下電(dian)力(li)(li)供應保障能力(li)(li)等方面作用明顯。

氫(qing)(qing)能(neng)(neng)具(ju)備清潔和(he)(he)(he)長周(zhou)期儲能(neng)(neng)優勢，可(ke)(ke)解決風電(dian)、光伏等可(ke)(ke)再生能(neng)(neng)源不穩定(ding)和(he)(he)(he)低能(neng)(neng)量密度(du)問題，實(shi)現(xian)高(gao)比例可(ke)(ke)再生能(neng)(neng)源的中長期(季節)供(gong)需平衡。目前(qian)，氫(qing)(qing)能(neng)(neng)技術在(zai)(zai)電(dian)-氫(qing)(qing)轉換、氫(qing)(qing)能(neng)(neng)輸送(song)和(he)(he)(he)存(cun)儲等方面(mian)還有(you)待提(ti)高(gao)，隨(sui)著電(dian)-氫(qing)(qing)轉換技術的進(jin)步(bu)和(he)(he)(he)成本降低，氫(qing)(qing)能(neng)(neng)有(you)望在(zai)(zai)新能(neng)(neng)源大規模(mo)長周(zhou)期存(cun)儲方面(mian)發揮重要作(zuo)用。

結合新型電力系統的特點 協調推動儲能發展

集(ji)(ji)中(zhong)式(shi)(shi)和分布(bu)式(shi)(shi)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)相結(jie)合(he)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)呈現(xian)(xian)出集(ji)(ji)中(zhong)式(shi)(shi)與(yu)分布(bu)式(shi)(shi)并(bing)舉的態(tai)勢(shi)，新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統(tong)的網(wang)架結(jie)構將向“主干網(wang)架+中(zhong)小(xiao)(xiao)型(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)及微型(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)”柔性互聯形態(tai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。與(yu)此相適(shi)應，應推(tui)動(dong)集(ji)(ji)中(zhong)式(shi)(shi)和分布(bu)式(shi)(shi)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)相結(jie)合(he)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。集(ji)(ji)中(zhong)式(shi)(shi)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)包括(kuo)抽(chou)水蓄能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、大容量儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站等。抽(chou)水蓄能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)適(shi)合(he)長時間尺度電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)調峰及電(dian)(dian)(dian)力平衡場(chang)(chang)景，可統(tong)一在電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)側配置(zhi)(zhi)；大容量儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站可在集(ji)(ji)中(zhong)式(shi)(shi)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)基地適(shi)當配置(zhi)(zhi)，實現(xian)(xian)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)系統(tong)與(yu)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源、電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)的協調優化運行。分布(bu)式(shi)(shi)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)包括(kuo)小(xiao)(xiao)型(xing)(xing)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車等，可推(tui)動(dong)建(jian)設(she)小(xiao)(xiao)區、樓宇、家庭應用場(chang)(chang)景下的分布(bu)式(shi)(shi)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)設(she)備，實現(xian)(xian)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)設(she)備的混合(he)配置(zhi)(zhi)、高效管理、友好并(bing)網(wang)，促進新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源就(jiu)地就(jiu)近消納利用。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能與(yu)其他(ta)各類(lei)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能相結合(he)發(fa)展。柔性開放是(shi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系(xi)(xi)統的(de)顯著特征(zheng)，新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系(xi)(xi)統將實現多元(yuan)化源(yuan)荷(he)開放接入。在(zai)此背景下，應(ying)推(tui)(tui)(tui)動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能與(yu)各類(lei)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能相結合(he)發(fa)展。在(zai)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)側(ce)(ce)，大力推(tui)(tui)(tui)進新(xin)(xin)(xin)能源(yuan)場站配(pei)置新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能，研究推(tui)(tui)(tui)廣光熱(re)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能；在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)側(ce)(ce)，加快(kuai)抽水(shui)蓄(xu)能電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站建設，推(tui)(tui)(tui)進電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)側(ce)(ce)新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能合(he)理布局(ju)；在(zai)用戶側(ce)(ce)，推(tui)(tui)(tui)動新(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能多元(yuan)化發(fa)展，研究儲(chu)(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)與(yu)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)熱(re)、儲(chu)(chu)(chu)冷、儲(chu)(chu)(chu)氫等各類(lei)型(xing)(xing)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能相結合(he)發(fa)展，實現在(zai)新(xin)(xin)(xin)能源(yuan)高效(xiao)利用目標下，以電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能為核(he)心的(de)多能源(yuan)生產和消(xiao)費(fei)的(de)匹(pi)配(pei)。

以(yi)(yi)數字(zi)化技(ji)(ji)(ji)術推動儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)與新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)協同運行。數字(zi)化技(ji)(ji)(ji)術是支撐構建新(xin)(xin)型(xing)電(dian)(dian)力系(xi)統的(de)關鍵(jian)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術。依托云(yun)計算(suan)、移(yi)動互聯網(wang)(wang)、人(ren)工智能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)以(yi)(yi)及先(xian)進傳感測量、通信(xin)信(xin)息、控制技(ji)(ji)(ji)術等(deng)現(xian)代化技(ji)(ji)(ji)術，實現(xian)“源(yuan)(yuan)網(wang)(wang)荷儲(chu)”之(zhi)間的(de)高效(xiao)交互，提(ti)升新(xin)(xin)型(xing)電(dian)(dian)力系(xi)統靈活性。在此背(bei)景下，可利用(yong)物聯網(wang)(wang)和區(qu)塊鏈等(deng)數字(zi)化技(ji)(ji)(ji)術，聚合用(yong)戶側儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、電(dian)(dian)動汽車等(deng)海量可調(diao)節(jie)資源(yuan)(yuan)，實現(xian)“新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)+儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)”“新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)+電(dian)(dian)動汽車”協調(diao)運行，促(cu)進新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)大(da)規(gui)模并(bing)網(wang)(wang)和消納。