国产精品视频一区二区三区无码,国产午夜精品无码,午夜天堂一区人妻,无遮挡色视频免费观看,中文字幕久热精品视频在线

我(wo)(wo)國(guo)力(li)(li)爭2030年(nian)(nian)前(qian)實現(xian)碳(tan)達峰，2060年(nian)(nian)前(qian)實現(xian)碳(tan)中(zhong)(zhong)和，是(shi)黨中(zhong)(zhong)央統籌國(guo)內國(guo)際兩個大局主動作出的(de)重大戰略決策，是(shi)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)轉變(bian)發(fa)(fa)展方式、調整能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)結構(gou)、保障能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)安全(quan)、實現(xian)可(ke)持續與高質量發(fa)(fa)展的(de)內在要(yao)求。2021年(nian)(nian)3月(yue)15日召開的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)央財經(jing)委員會(hui)第九次會(hui)議，研究了我(wo)(wo)國(guo)實現(xian)碳(tan)達峰、碳(tan)中(zhong)(zhong)和的(de)基本(ben)思路和主要(yao)舉(ju)措(cuo)，提出“要(yao)構(gou)建清潔低碳(tan)安全(quan)高效的(de)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)體(ti)系，控(kong)制化石能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)總(zong)量，著力(li)(li)提高利用效能(neng)，實施可(ke)再生(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)替(ti)代行動，深化電(dian)力(li)(li)體(ti)制改革，構(gou)建以新能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)為主體(ti)的(de)新型(xing)電(dian)力(li)(li)系統”。

一、未來新型電力系統的構想

碳(tan)(tan)排(pai)放(fang)與人口、經濟、產業、能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)、技術等(deng)多種(zhong)因(yin)素有關(guan)，能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)活動(dong)是我國主(zhu)要的(de)(de)(de)二氧化(hua)(hua)碳(tan)(tan)排(pai)放(fang)源(yuan)(yuan)，占全部二氧化(hua)(hua)碳(tan)(tan)排(pai)放(fang)的(de)(de)(de)90%左右，其中電力(li)行(xing)業排(pai)放(fang)約(yue)占能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)行(xing)業排(pai)放(fang)的(de)(de)(de)40%，因(yin)此能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)電力(li)行(xing)業是實(shi)現(xian)(xian)碳(tan)(tan)中和(he)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)力(li)軍。從數(shu)量關(guan)系上來看，實(shi)現(xian)(xian)碳(tan)(tan)中和(he)，一是增加森林、海洋(yang)、濕(shi)地等(deng)碳(tan)(tan)匯量以(yi)(yi)及碳(tan)(tan)利用封存能(neng)(neng)力(li)，二是降低化(hua)(hua)石能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)費(fei)、工業生產的(de)(de)(de)碳(tan)(tan)排(pai)放(fang)，主(zhu)要從能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)給的(de)(de)(de)低碳(tan)(tan)化(hua)(hua)、能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)利用的(de)(de)(de)高效化(hua)(hua)、能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)費(fei)的(de)(de)(de)電氣化(hua)(hua)三個方面著手。構建(jian)以(yi)(yi)新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)為主(zhu)體的(de)(de)(de)新型(xing)電力(li)系統(tong)(tong)是實(shi)現(xian)(xian)碳(tan)(tan)達(da)峰碳(tan)(tan)中和(he)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要途徑，不僅使(shi)電力(li)系統(tong)(tong)“發-輸（變(bian)(bian)）-配-用”全環節(jie)發生根本變(bian)(bian)革，也會使(shi)建(jian)筑(zhu)、交(jiao)通、工業等(deng)行(xing)業用能(neng)(neng)方式(shi)發生深(shen)刻變(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統(tong)的基(ji)本任務是(shi)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、頻率(lv)等參數合格的前(qian)(qian)提下安全、穩定(ding)、經(jing)濟地(di)分(fen)配給各用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)負(fu)荷(he)。在時間維度上，由(you)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)難以大規模存儲，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統(tong)的基(ji)本特征是(shi)必須時刻保持動態供(gong)需平衡(heng)，包括有功(gong)功(gong)率(lv)和無功(gong)功(gong)率(lv)動態平衡(heng)；在空(kong)間維度上，我國(guo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源資源分(fen)布與(yu)需求中心逆向分(fen)布，跨省跨區(qu)輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)重要手段，形(xing)成了“西電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)東送、北電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)南送”的資源配置格局。在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)平衡(heng)上，碳排(pai)放(fang)與(yu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)（非(fei)裝(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)容量(liang)）相關，“以新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源為主體”即要增加非(fei)化(hua)石能(neng)(neng)(neng)源發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)占(zhan)比，降低火電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)組發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)占(zhan)比；在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)平衡(heng)上，光(guang)伏、風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)置信容量(liang)低，據(ju)相關測算，我國(guo)水電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)可開發(fa)(fa)裝(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)約6.6億千(qian)瓦(wa)（目(mu)前(qian)(qian)已開發(fa)(fa)程度達到(dao)56%），沿(yan)海核(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)址資源約2億千(qian)瓦(wa)（含規劃在內的），我國(guo)目(mu)前(qian)(qian)尚沒有可大規模替代火電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)組的有效途徑和方(fang)式。

二、面臨的風險挑戰

由于新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源發(fa)電(dian)固有的(de)強隨機性(xing)、波動(dong)(dong)性(xing)和間歇性(xing)，以(yi)及通過電(dian)力電(dian)子(zi)裝置并(bing)入電(dian)網的(de)特(te)征，以(yi)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源為主體的(de)新(xin)(xin)型電(dian)力系統(tong)將呈現“一低、兩高(gao)、雙(shuang)峰(feng)、雙(shuang)隨機”的(de)特(te)點，即低系統(tong)轉動(dong)(dong)慣量、高(gao)比(bi)例(li)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源+高(gao)比(bi)例(li)電(dian)力電(dian)子(zi)裝備、夏(xia)冬(dong)負(fu)荷雙(shuang)高(gao)峰(feng)、發(fa)電(dian)出力和用電(dian)負(fu)荷雙(shuang)側隨機波動(dong)(dong)，給電(dian)力系統(tong)安全(quan)穩定運行帶(dai)來(lai)重大挑戰。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)側，最大(da)挑戰在(zai)(zai)于新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)以(yi)(yi)能(neng)夠(gou)參與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)實時平衡的(de)很小的(de)置信容(rong)量(liang)(liang)實現發電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)高(gao)(gao)占比目標。據預(yu)測，在(zai)(zai)“3060”目標下，2030年風(feng)光裝(zhuang)機將達(da)到17億(yi)千(qian)瓦以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)，發電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)占比約24%；2060年風(feng)光裝(zhuang)機將達(da)到50億(yi)千(qian)瓦以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)，發電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)占比約67%。隨著新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)滲透率的(de)提高(gao)(gao)，新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)出(chu)力(li)(li)的(de)波(bo)(bo)動與(yu)負荷需求(qiu)的(de)波(bo)(bo)動疊加后(hou)的(de)凈負荷峰(feng)谷差明顯增大(da)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)統需要解決調峰(feng)、調頻、靈活(huo)調節資源(yuan)稀缺、低(di)慣性、抗擾動能(neng)力(li)(li)弱、新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)機組低(di)/高(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)穿越(yue)等問題。

在(zai)日(ri)(ri)電(dian)力(li)平衡(heng)上，新(xin)能源的日(ri)(ri)波(bo)動(dong)性(xing)(xing)大（據統(tong)(tong)計，國網區域(yu)風電(dian)日(ri)(ri)最大波(bo)動(dong)率(lv)約為(wei)23%、光(guang)伏日(ri)(ri)最大波(bo)動(dong)率(lv)約為(wei)54%）、反調(diao)峰(feng)特性(xing)(xing)及光(guang)伏“鴨型曲線”問(wen)題(ti)，使新(xin)能源對(dui)電(dian)力(li)平衡(heng)支撐較弱，新(xin)型電(dian)力(li)系統(tong)(tong)對(dui)靈活調(diao)節(jie)(jie)(jie)能力(li)和快速爬(pa)坡(po)能力(li)要求更高(gao)；在(zai)月(yue)度電(dian)量平衡(heng)上，風電(dian)為(wei)春、秋高(gao)峰(feng)，光(guang)伏為(wei)夏、秋高(gao)峰(feng)，負荷為(wei)夏、冬高(gao)峰(feng)，加上季節(jie)(jie)(jie)性(xing)(xing)水電(dian)影(ying)響(xiang)，季節(jie)(jie)(jie)性(xing)(xing)不平衡(heng)問(wen)題(ti)日(ri)(ri)益凸顯。

風光有(you)(you)效利用(yong)(yong)小時(shi)數(shu)低(di)，相同(tong)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)情況下需(xu)(xu)要約3倍(bei)煤(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)組(zu)容(rong)量(liang)。新(xin)型(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統(tong)下，實現發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)中新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)為主體，新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)的穿透率(lv)（新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)裝機(ji)/用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)負荷）要遠高于100%，同(tong)時(shi)，現有(you)(you)技(ji)術(shu)條件下，煤(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝機(ji)客觀上仍(reng)需(xu)(xu)要隨著全社會用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)負荷增加而增加（優先考慮水電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、核(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、氣(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)參與平衡后），進而導致電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力供(gong)應總體充裕，火電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)利用(yong)(yong)小時(shi)數(shu)不斷(duan)降低(di)，新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)發力時(shi)段棄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)上升，消(xiao)納更加困難，新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)利用(yong)(yong)小時(shi)數(shu)也會減少，系統(tong)成本(ben)和全社會用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)成本(ben)明(ming)顯增加。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)側，“一低(di)(di)、兩高(gao)、雙(shuang)峰、雙(shuang)隨機”的(de)新(xin)型電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)以及交直流混聯電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)復雜(za)結(jie)構給電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)實(shi)時平衡(heng)帶來(lai)巨大挑戰，電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)需不斷提升(sheng)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)實(shi)時平衡(heng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)、清潔(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消納能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)以及資源(yuan)優(you)化配置能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)。新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)高(gao)比例接(jie)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)后，系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)轉動(dong)慣量(liang)(liang)減小、頻(pin)率調節能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)降(jiang)低(di)(di)，系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)短(duan)路容量(liang)(liang)下降(jiang)、抗擾動(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)降(jiang)低(di)(di)，系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)無功支撐(cheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)降(jiang)低(di)(di)，暫態過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓問(wen)題突(tu)出(chu)(chu)，新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)機組存在大規模電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)解列可(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，增(zeng)加了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)安全運行風險，對電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)調峰、調頻(pin)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)質量(liang)(liang)控制以及維持系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)平衡(heng)提出(chu)(chu)了(le)更(geng)高(gao)要(yao)求。

新能源(yuan)較為經濟的(de)利(li)用方式(shi)是就(jiu)地或(huo)就(jiu)近利(li)用，受土地、資(zi)源(yuan)等因素制約(yue)，未來新能源(yuan)開(kai)發將集中式(shi)與分布式(shi)并重，“三北”地區新能源(yuan)資(zi)源(yuan)豐富(fu)但本地消納困難，仍需考慮外(wai)(wai)送(song)問(wen)題。風光水火（儲）打捆外(wai)(wai)送(song)對于(yu)保障(zhang)受端穩定供應以(yi)及通(tong)(tong)道利(li)用率(lv)都是有利(li)的(de)，而由(you)于(yu)風光有效利(li)用小(xiao)時數低，高比例的(de)風光（儲）外(wai)(wai)送(song)或(huo)導致通(tong)(tong)道利(li)用率(lv)低、投資(zi)回報低，或(huo)使風光裝機(ji)過剩以(yi)滿(man)足設計輸送(song)電(dian)量要求，都會影(ying)響項(xiang)目(mu)經濟性，因此(ci)未來如果配套火電(dian)機(ji)組不足，外(wai)(wai)送(song)恐將成(cheng)問(wen)題。

另外，隨著技術(shu)發(fa)展，未來新能源電(dian)(dian)量外送(song)需求通過輸電(dian)(dian)線(xian)路(lu)抑或就(jiu)地轉化為氫(qing)（或碳氫(qing)燃料(liao)）進行(xing)輸運，需結合(he)下游應用及技術(shu)經(jing)濟性深入研究。

用戶側，多元、互動、靈活的用能(neng)設備大(da)量(liang)接(jie)入對配電(dian)(dian)(dian)網運(yun)行控制、終(zhong)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)質量(liang)等(deng)造成重大(da)影響(xiang)。分布式(shi)能(neng)源、儲能(neng)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)、智能(neng)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)等(deng)交互式(shi)設備大(da)量(liang)接(jie)入，潮流流向(xiang)將發(fa)生改變(bian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓分布、諧波等(deng)影響(xiang)配網電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)質量(liang)，終(zhong)端無序用電(dian)(dian)(dian)將會增加凈負(fu)荷(he)峰(feng)谷(gu)差，功率(lv)波動問題更加突出，配網對新能(neng)源的接(jie)納能(neng)力和消納能(neng)力面臨挑戰，安全穩(wen)定運(yun)行受到影響(xiang)。同(tong)時，無論(lun)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)源還是電(dian)(dian)(dian)網若按(an)傳統最大(da)負(fu)荷(he)進行規(gui)劃，設備利用率(lv)則將會降(jiang)低。

電能(neng)(neng)將(jiang)逐步成為最主(zhu)要的終(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)能(neng)(neng)源消費品(pin)種，從2000年(nian)到2020年(nian)，我國電能(neng)(neng)占終(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)能(neng)(neng)源消費比重從14.5%增長到27%，年(nian)均(jun)提高0.6個百分(fen)點(dian)；據有關預測，2025年(nian)、2030年(nian)、2060年(nian)電能(neng)(neng)占終(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)能(neng)(neng)源消費比重有望分(fen)別達到30%、35%、65%以上，年(nian)均(jun)提高約1.0個百分(fen)點(dian)。終(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)電氣化對眾多領域用能(neng)(neng)方式將(jiang)產生深遠影(ying)響。

儲能側，最大挑戰在于突破大規(gui)模、長周期、高安全(quan)、低成本的儲能技術。大規(gui)模儲能是一種顛覆(fu)性技術，改變了電(dian)能難以存儲的傳統認知，如果新能源電(dian)量大比(bi)例(li)通過儲能解(jie)決穩定供應問題，則(ze)某(mou)種程度上實現了電(dian)能的發輸配(pei)用環(huan)節的解(jie)耦，使得電(dian)能如同(tong)超市中的商品一樣。

電力系統需(xu)要(yao)滿足不同(tong)時間尺(chi)度需(xu)求的(de)儲能(neng)技術，可大(da)致分(fen)為功率型（秒～分(fen)鐘級）、能(neng)量(liang)型（1～2h）和容量(liang)型（>4h）。在調(diao)頻方面，電化學儲能(neng)功率調(diao)節(jie)范圍大(da)、響(xiang)應速度快，調(diao)頻性能(neng)最優，在啟動(dong)(dong)速度上，電化學(秒級)>物理儲能(neng)（分(fen)鐘級）>燃(ran)氣發(fa)(fa)電（簡單循(xun)環15～30min，聯合循(xun)環1～2h）>燃(ran)煤發(fa)(fa)電（冷態啟動(dong)(dong)7～10h，熱(re)(re)態啟動(dong)(dong)1.5～2h）。在容量(liang)型儲能(neng)技術方面，目前來(lai)看，抽(chou)水蓄能(neng)、（全礬(fan)）液流電池和壓(ya)縮空(kong)氣儲能(neng)，以及帶儲熱(re)(re)（100%負荷配置）的(de)光熱(re)(re)發(fa)(fa)電，能(neng)夠(gou)解決(jue)新能(neng)源日內穩定出力的(de)調(diao)節(jie)需(xu)求（需(xu)至少具備6～8h時長的(de)儲能(neng)）。

在(zai)多日、周(zhou)、季等(deng)更長(chang)時(shi)間尺度(du)下，氫能(neng)(neng)（新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)直接電(dian)解水制氫）是(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)長(chang)周(zhou)期化學儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)方(fang)式(shi)，在(zai)終(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)中作為電(dian)的重要補充（預(yu)測2050年(nian)前后氫能(neng)(neng)占終(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消費的10%左右），可有效(xiao)提高能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)供(gong)應安全水平，適(shi)用(yong)(yong)于分布式(shi)熱電(dian)聯供(gong)、交通、冶金等(deng)多種(zhong)場(chang)景，但(dan)是(shi)若(ruo)再(zai)大規模集(ji)中地轉為電(dian)則仍需(xu)解決很多技術(shu)經濟性問題，而兼具常規水輪發(fa)電(dian)機組(zu)和(he)抽(chou)蓄機組(zu)的混合式(shi)水力發(fa)電(dian)也可實(shi)現長(chang)周(zhou)期儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)，化石(shi)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)（煤(mei)、天然氣）本身就是(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)可長(chang)時(shi)間存儲(chu)(chu)的一(yi)次能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)，但(dan)是(shi)火電(dian)機組(zu)的冷(leng)/熱備(bei)用(yong)(yong)狀態對啟動時(shi)間、響(xiang)應速度(du)有較大影響(xiang)，未來新型電(dian)力系(xi)統(tong)的負荷備(bei)用(yong)(yong)、旋轉備(bei)用(yong)(yong)、停機事(shi)故備(bei)用(yong)(yong)容量大小及方(fang)式(shi)選擇有待深入研究。

三、主要應對舉措

構建以新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)為主(zhu)體的(de)新(xin)型電(dian)力系統是一(yi)項(xiang)系統工程，需要源(yuan)-網-荷-儲全環(huan)節共同(tong)發力，依靠創(chuang)新(xin)驅(qu)動發展，加(jia)快(kuai)顛覆性(xing)技術突破，完善新(xin)型儲能(neng)價格形(xing)成機(ji)制及電(dian)價政策，加(jia)強電(dian)力市場建設。

一是優化(hua)電力(li)流總(zong)體(ti)格局，協同“資源優化(hua)配置”與“負荷(he)優化(hua)配置”，優化(hua)產業布局，將部(bu)(bu)分負荷(he)由中東部(bu)(bu)向西南、“三(san)北(bei)”地區(qu)布局，如“東數西算”工程，實現(xian)負荷(he)需(xu)求與資源分布相適應；

二是統籌資源(yuan)(yuan)，推進風光(guang)水火儲(chu)多(duo)能互補，實現互補系統運(yun)行(xing)控制和調(diao)度(du)的(de)(de)一體化，研究(jiu)應用新能源(yuan)(yuan)高精度(du)功(gong)率預測、主(zhu)動支撐(cheng)、虛(xu)擬同步機(ji)等友好并網(wang)技術，提高新能源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)出(chu)力穩定性和可調(diao)度(du)性；

三是(shi)完善送受端(duan)網(wang)(wang)架，增強省間電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)互濟，提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)資源(yuan)優化(hua)配置能力(li)(li)，發展基于IGBT、SiC等新一代電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子器件的(de)柔性(xing)交直(zhi)流輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技術，使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)更能適應新能源(yuan)的(de)出(chu)力(li)(li)特性(xing)，優化(hua)調(diao)度，提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)對“源(yuan)-網(wang)(wang)-荷-儲”的(de)協同(tong)調(diao)度能力(li)(li)，提(ti)(ti)高系統(tong)消納能力(li)(li)和平衡(heng)能力(li)(li)；

四(si)是提升源(yuan)-網-荷靈活調(diao)(diao)節能力，如新建抽蓄、調(diao)(diao)峰氣(qi)電、煤電靈活性改造(zao)（深度調(diao)(diao)峰及快速啟(qi)停）、需求側響應(ying)、儲能等(deng)；探索V2G（Vehicle to grid）、V2H（Vehicle to home）、V2L（Vehicle to load）等(deng)應(ying)用場景（按帶60千瓦時算，可供家(jia)庭一(yi)周左右(you)緊急(ji)用電）；

五是(shi)突破顛覆性技術(shu)創新，加快新型儲能技術(shu)規模(mo)化(hua)商業化(hua)應用(yong)，建立新型儲能價(jia)格形成機制，推(tui)動氫制儲運用(yong)環節和燃(ran)料電池(chi)核(he)心材料、關鍵零部件及裝備(bei)、系(xi)統研(yan)發示范；

六是實施數字化(hua)轉型(xing)升級(ji)，促進微電網(wang)、虛擬電廠(chang)等新形態發(fa)展，利(li)用先進數字化(hua)和電力電子技(ji)術，加(jia)快智能(neng)、主(zhu)動、柔性交直流混(hun)合配電網(wang)的(de)發(fa)展，提(ti)高(gao)新能(neng)源與(yu)負荷的(de)“可觀、可測、可控(kong)”水平，提(ti)高(gao)電網(wang)主(zhu)動消納能(neng)力；

七是加快完善(shan)輔助服務(wu)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)、建立(li)容量市(shi)場(chang)(chang)，不同市(shi)場(chang)(chang)主體(ti)電(dian)能價值具有多樣性，要通過完善(shan)電(dian)力市(shi)場(chang)(chang)予以體(ti)現(xian)和反映，發揮不同市(shi)場(chang)(chang)主體(ti)功能作用和積極性。