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我國自2015年3月開啟新一輪電力體制改革以來，在市場架構建設、市場主體參與、電價機制完善、交易機構組建及規范運行等方面取得了重要進展。此后，黨的十八屆三中全會對全面深化改革作出重要部署，建設統一開放、競爭有序的市場體系被提上日程。特別是在碳達峰、碳中和目標確定后，在黨的十九大報告及黨中央、國務院相繼印發的《關于完整準確全面貫徹新發展理念做好碳達峰碳中和工作的意見》、《2030年前碳達峰行動方案》等相關重要文件中，進一步明確要求深化電力體制改革，加快構建全國統一電力市場體系。2021年11月，習近平總書記主持召開中央全面深化改革委員會第二十二次會議通過了《關于加快建設全國統一電力市場體系的指導意見》（下文簡稱《指導意見》），從國家層面進一步發力，提出了健全多層次統一電力市場體系，統一交易規則和技術標準的新要求，要求加快形成統一開放、競爭有序、安全高效、治理完善的電力市場體系。

一、我國電力市場建設的頂層再設計

經過(guo)多(duo)年發展(zhan)，我國電(dian)(dian)(dian)力市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)體(ti)系構建(jian)穩步(bu)有序推進，多(duo)元(yuan)競爭主(zhu)體(ti)格(ge)局初(chu)步(bu)形成，市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)比重大幅(fu)提(ti)升，市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)在資源優(you)化(hua)(hua)(hua)配置(zhi)中(zhong)作用明顯(xian)增強(qiang)。2021年，全(quan)國市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)3.7萬億(yi)千瓦時，同(tong)比增長(chang)17.2%，占(zhan)全(quan)社會用電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)的(de)(de)44.6%，是2015年市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)的(de)(de)近7倍(bei)，年均(jun)增長(chang)約40%。中(zhong)長(chang)期交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)和輔助服務市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)基(ji)本(ben)覆(fu)蓋，首批8個現(xian)貨(huo)試(shi)(shi)點已(yi)進入結算試(shi)(shi)運(yun)行(xing)階(jie)段，第二批6個現(xian)貨(huo)試(shi)(shi)點也已(yi)啟動(dong)建(jian)設(she)。以(yi)(yi)省(sheng)級電(dian)(dian)(dian)力市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)為(wei)基(ji)礎(chu)、以(yi)(yi)跨省(sheng)跨區市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)為(wei)突破、以(yi)(yi)全(quan)國統一電(dian)(dian)(dian)力市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)為(wei)方向(xiang)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)建(jian)設(she)初(chu)見雛形。

隨著碳達峰、碳中(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)目標全面融(rong)入經濟(ji)社會(hui)發展(zhan)中(zhong)(zhong)長期(qi)規劃，我(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)經濟(ji)社會(hui)發展(zhan)進(jin)(jin)(jin)入新(xin)常態，對(dui)推進(jin)(jin)(jin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)低碳轉(zhuan)型提(ti)(ti)出了(le)更加迫(po)切的(de)(de)要求(qiu)。《2030年前(qian)碳達峰行動(dong)方案》中(zhong)(zhong)要求(qiu)產業結(jie)構(gou)(gou)和(he)(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)調整(zheng)優化(hua)(hua)在(zai)“十四五”期(qi)間(jian)取得明顯進(jin)(jin)(jin)展(zhan)，在(zai)“十五五”期(qi)間(jian)初步建(jian)立清(qing)潔(jie)低碳安全高(gao)效的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)。我(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)清(qing)潔(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)主要集中(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)“三北”地(di)區，由于周邊(bian)區域(yu)負荷(he)強度不高(gao)，整(zheng)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)消納程度受(shou)限，迫(po)切需要發揮市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)優化(hua)(hua)配置(zhi)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)決(jue)(jue)定性(xing)作用(yong)，通過市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)價格信號(hao)引導(dao)清(qing)潔(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)統一(yi)規劃、科(ke)學布局、高(gao)效利用(yong)，統一(yi)交易規則(ze)和(he)(he)技術(shu)標準，破除市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)壁壘，在(zai)全國(guo)范圍內實(shi)現(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)優化(hua)(hua)配置(zhi)和(he)(he)共(gong)享(xiang)互(hu)濟(ji)。與(yu)此同時(shi)，我(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)正處于構(gou)(gou)建(jian)新(xin)型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)統的(de)(de)關(guan)鍵時(shi)期(qi)，清(qing)潔(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)滲透率提(ti)(ti)高(gao)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)統綜合調節(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)提(ti)(ti)出了(le)更高(gao)的(de)(de)要求(qiu)，對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)統安全穩定運行提(ti)(ti)出了(le)挑戰，有(you)(you)(you)必要進(jin)(jin)(jin)一(yi)步完善電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)構(gou)(gou)成(cheng)，統一(yi)多元(yuan)化(hua)(hua)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)主體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)納入類型和(he)(he)標準，以市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)方式實(shi)現(xian)對(dui)源(yuan)(yuan)網荷(he)儲的(de)(de)一(yi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)化(hua)(hua)運營(ying)，充分激勵(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)主體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)參(can)與(yu)的(de)(de)積(ji)(ji)極性(xing)，釋(shi)放靈活調節(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)，推動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)統供(gong)(gong)(gong)需平(ping)衡(heng)和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)運營(ying)有(you)(you)(you)序銜接。自2021年以來，我(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)供(gong)(gong)(gong)需一(yi)直(zhi)處于緊(jin)平(ping)衡(heng)狀態，歸因(yin)于我(wo)(wo)(wo)國(guo)燃煤火(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)仍占據主要地(di)位，動(dong)力(li)(li)煤現(xian)貨價格暴漲而電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價卻未(wei)同步上浮，導(dao)致(zhi)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企業生(sheng)產意愿不足，煤電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)轉(zhuan)型與(yu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)空間(jian)出讓缺少有(you)(you)(you)效的(de)(de)價格傳導(dao)機制(zhi)，迫(po)切需要在(zai)統一(yi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)交易平(ping)臺上，完善市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)價格形成(cheng)機制(zhi)，有(you)(you)(you)效解決(jue)(jue)清(qing)潔(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)與(yu)燃煤火(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)利益補償問(wen)(wen)題和(he)(he)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)之(zhi)間(jian)送受(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)利益平(ping)衡(heng)問(wen)(wen)題，調動(dong)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)各(ge)方參(can)與(yu)清(qing)潔(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)(gong)(gong)需平(ping)衡(heng)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)統供(gong)(gong)(gong)需平(ping)衡(heng)的(de)(de)積(ji)(ji)極性(xing)與(yu)主動(dong)性(xing)，促進(jin)(jin)(jin)清(qing)潔(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)持續健康發展(zhan)。

從國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)經驗(yan)看，隨著市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)改革(ge)的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)斷(duan)深入和(he)資源(yuan)優化(hua)(hua)配(pei)置(zhi)需(xu)求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)斷(duan)提升，在(zai)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)交易(yi)(yi)規(gui)模(mo)穩步(bu)擴張(zhang)的(de)(de)(de)基礎(chu)(chu)上，市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)交易(yi)(yi)范(fan)圍將逐步(bu)擴大(da)，交易(yi)(yi)行(xing)(xing)為(wei)也逐漸規(gui)范(fan)化(hua)(hua)。歐盟電(dian)(dian)力(li)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)已由初期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)15國(guo)(guo)(guo)日(ri)前聯合(he)出清發(fa)展到目前27國(guo)(guo)(guo)以(yi)日(ri)前耦(ou)合(he)（日(ri)內14國(guo)(guo)(guo)耦(ou)合(he)）為(wei)主要(yao)特征(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)歐洲統(tong)一(yi)電(dian)(dian)力(li)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)；美國(guo)(guo)(guo)以(yi)獨立系(xi)(xi)統(tong)運(yun)營區(qu)域為(wei)起步(bu)，目前也形成(cheng)了多個以(yi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)與市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)運(yun)營一(yi)體化(hua)(hua)為(wei)特征(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)區(qu)域電(dian)(dian)力(li)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)，市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)范(fan)圍逐步(bu)擴大(da)。與此同時，無論(lun)是歐洲還是美國(guo)(guo)(guo)，都從頂(ding)層設(she)(she)計(ji)角度頒(ban)布(bu)了相關法令，明確了標準化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)力(li)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)規(gui)劃和(he)發(fa)展目標。當前，中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)特色(se)社(she)會主義進(jin)入新時代，在(zai)吸收借(jie)鑒國(guo)(guo)(guo)外成(cheng)功電(dian)(dian)力(li)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)建(jian)設(she)(she)經驗(yan)的(de)(de)(de)基礎(chu)(chu)上，應進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)發(fa)揮(hui)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家宏觀戰略(lve)層面的(de)(de)(de)積(ji)極作用，對我國(guo)(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)力(li)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)體系(xi)(xi)開展頂(ding)層再設(she)(she)計(ji)，加大(da)力(li)量貫徹執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)力(li)體制改革(ge)相關文件(jian)精神，深入推進(jin)能源(yuan)結構(gou)轉型(xing)，全面啟動全國(guo)(guo)(guo)統(tong)一(yi)電(dian)(dian)力(li)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)設(she)(she)工作。

二、全國統一電力市場體系的建設愿景

中國電(dian)力(li)市場建設進入攻堅階段(duan)，《指(zhi)導意見》的提(ti)出為新型電(dian)力(li)系統加快(kuai)建設、碳(tan)達峰(feng)碳(tan)中和目標加快(kuai)實現提(ti)供了堅強的市場保障，對深化電(dian)力(li)體制改革具(ju)有積(ji)極意義。為此，《指(zhi)導意見》在如下三方面做了重點要(yao)求(qiu)：

一是要求遵(zun)循電(dian)力(li)運(yun)(yun)(yun)行客觀(guan)規律和市場經(jing)濟規律。電(dian)力(li)市場建設是在保障電(dian)網(wang)安全(quan)穩定運(yun)(yun)(yun)行的(de)(de)(de)(de)前提下提高電(dian)網(wang)運(yun)(yun)(yun)行的(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟性(xing)和電(dian)力(li)資源(yuan)優化(hua)配置的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)平(ping)，必須將電(dian)力(li)運(yun)(yun)(yun)行的(de)(de)(de)(de)客觀(guan)規律和市場經(jing)濟規律的(de)(de)(de)(de)有機(ji)結(jie)合，在還原電(dian)力(li)商品屬性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)時，還應確保交(jiao)易(yi)結(jie)果滿足電(dian)網(wang)運(yun)(yun)(yun)行的(de)(de)(de)(de)連續(xu)性(xing)和有序性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)要求，才能充分(fen)發揮市場機(ji)制的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)。

二是要求健全多層(ceng)次統一(yi)電力市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)體系(xi)和功能(neng)建(jian)設。為了(le)更好(hao)發(fa)揮市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)對資(zi)源(yuan)配置的決定性作用，應從全局層(ceng)面(mian)考(kao)慮進一(yi)步支(zhi)撐我(wo)國(guo)能(neng)源(yuan)結構(gou)轉型(xing)，通(tong)過建(jian)立規范統一(yi)的電力市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)基本交易規則和技(ji)術標(biao)準，破(po)除電力交易的地域界限(xian)，規范各層(ceng)次電力市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)秩(zhi)序，推動實現全國(guo)電力市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)和地方各級電力市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)統一(yi)規范運營(ying)和有效銜接，助力能(neng)源(yuan)結構(gou)低碳轉型(xing)、高質(zhi)量(liang)發(fa)展。

三(san)是(shi)要(yao)求推進(jin)適應新(xin)型(xing)(xing)電(dian)力(li)(li)系統(tong)的電(dian)力(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)機(ji)制設計(ji)。通(tong)過(guo)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)手(shou)段對(dui)能源(yuan)發(fa)展進(jin)行引導(dao)，進(jin)一(yi)(yi)步降低計(ji)劃電(dian)量比例(li)，實現新(xin)能源(yuan)與(yu)(yu)傳統(tong)化石(shi)能源(yuan)有(you)效平穩轉換(huan)，發(fa)揮電(dian)力(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)對(dui)能源(yuan)清潔低碳轉型(xing)(xing)的支撐作(zuo)用。同時，進(jin)一(yi)(yi)步放(fang)大市(shi)(shi)場(chang)準入，充分發(fa)揮統(tong)一(yi)(yi)電(dian)力(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)交易平臺作(zuo)用，完善市(shi)(shi)場(chang)化價格(ge)體(ti)系，推動(dong)多元主(zhu)體(ti)公平、積極參(can)與(yu)(yu)，為構建(jian)新(xin)型(xing)(xing)電(dian)力(li)(li)體(ti)系提(ti)供有(you)力(li)(li)支撐。

總體上(shang)，全(quan)國(guo)統(tong)一電(dian)力市(shi)場(chang)(chang)將在全(quan)國(guo)范圍(wei)內形(xing)成市(shi)場(chang)(chang)范圍(wei)全(quan)覆蓋、交(jiao)易(yi)時序全(quan)兼容、交(jiao)易(yi)品種靈活、市(shi)場(chang)(chang)主(zhu)體多(duo)元(yuan)、基本規(gui)則一致、交(jiao)易(yi)標準統(tong)一的(de)完(wan)備電(dian)力市(shi)場(chang)(chang)體系。

三、全國統一電力市場體系的重點任務

《指導(dao)意見》首次提(ti)出適時(shi)組(zu)建全(quan)國(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)在(zai)(zai)(zai)構建統一(yi)開放、競爭(zheng)有序(xu)、安(an)全(quan)高效、治理完(wan)善的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)市場(chang)體(ti)(ti)系中(zhong)(zhong)具有重要(yao)(yao)作用。要(yao)(yao)形(xing)成(cheng)公平公正、有效競爭(zheng)的(de)(de)市場(chang)格局，需要(yao)(yao)依(yi)托電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)的(de)(de)獨立(li)屬性(xing)，通過功(gong)能完(wan)善、安(an)全(quan)可靠的(de)(de)統一(yi)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)平臺，匯集市場(chang)各(ge)方的(de)(de)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)意愿，為(wei)市場(chang)各(ge)方提(ti)供(gong)規范、可靠、高效、優質的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)服務(wu)。為(wei)此(ci)，《指導(dao)意見》對此(ci)提(ti)出兩個方面的(de)(de)具體(ti)(ti)要(yao)(yao)求：一(yi)是在(zai)(zai)(zai)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)治理方面，充分發揮北(bei)京、廣(guang)州電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)作用，完(wan)善電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)平臺運營管理措施，作為(wei)組(zu)建全(quan)國(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)的(de)(de)經驗支(zhi)撐(cheng)，并在(zai)(zai)(zai)組(zu)建全(quan)國(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)后(hou)，引入多(duo)種市場(chang)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)和戰(zhan)略投資者，形(xing)成(cheng)多(duo)方合(he)力(li)的(de)(de)治理體(ti)(ti)系，共同支(zhi)撐(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)市場(chang)合(he)規運營；二是在(zai)(zai)(zai)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)平臺建設方面，要(yao)(yao)求制定統一(yi)的(de)(de)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)技術(shu)標準和數據(ju)接口標準，推動各(ge)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)有效銜接的(de)(de)基礎(chu)上，建立(li)有利于全(quan)國(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)組(zu)建的(de)(de)軟硬件環(huan)境。

《指導(dao)意見》重(zhong)點強(qiang)調(diao)各(ge)層次電(dian)(dian)力(li)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)協同(tong)(tong)運(yun)行(xing)和(he)融合(he)發展(zhan)(zhan)。省(sheng)(sheng)/區(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)力(li)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)主要作(zuo)用(yong)為(wei)實(shi)現地區(qu)(qu)范圍(wei)內的(de)電(dian)(dian)力(li)資(zi)源配(pei)置(zhi)和(he)平(ping)衡(heng)，而無法(fa)充分(fen)解決能(neng)(neng)源供給過剩(sheng)、需求高漲、系(xi)統(tong)調(diao)節能(neng)(neng)力(li)不足等(deng)(deng)問題。《指導(dao)意見》提出了(le)建(jian)立國(guo)(guo)(guo)家電(dian)(dian)力(li)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)要求，并明(ming)確了(le)省(sheng)(sheng)/區(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)與(yu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)融合(he)發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)方式——省(sheng)(sheng)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)可直接與(yu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)融合(he)發展(zhan)(zhan)，或多省(sheng)(sheng)聯(lian)合(he)形成區(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)后(hou)再與(yu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)融合(he)發展(zhan)(zhan)。在(zai)做好各(ge)省(sheng)(sheng)級電(dian)(dian)力(li)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)規范統(tong)一運(yun)營的(de)基礎之上，通過建(jian)立多元市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)主體參與(yu)跨(kua)省(sheng)(sheng)跨(kua)區(qu)(qu)交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)的(de)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)機制，以(yi)統(tong)一基本規則和(he)技(ji)術(shu)標(biao)準為(wei)依托，實(shi)現對(dui)于(yu)跨(kua)省(sheng)(sheng)跨(kua)區(qu)(qu)輸電(dian)(dian)通道的(de)充分(fen)利用(yong)；進一步貫(guan)徹國(guo)(guo)(guo)家區(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)重(zhong)大(da)戰(zhan)略，建(jian)設區(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)力(li)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)，推動各(ge)電(dian)(dian)力(li)交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)中(zhong)心協同(tong)(tong)運(yun)行(xing)；同(tong)(tong)步開展(zhan)(zhan)跨(kua)省(sheng)(sheng)跨(kua)區(qu)(qu)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)量交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)和(he)調(diao)頻、備用(yong)等(deng)(deng)輔助(zhu)服務交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)，以(yi)達到統(tong)籌(chou)全網資(zi)源調(diao)節余缺、穩定電(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統(tong)運(yun)行(xing)的(de)積極效果，實(shi)現省(sheng)(sheng)/區(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)力(li)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)與(yu)全國(guo)(guo)(guo)統(tong)一電(dian)(dian)力(li)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)有序銜(xian)接。

《指導意見》明確要(yao)求(qiu)激(ji)勵(li)清(qing)(qing)潔(jie)(jie)能(neng)源(yuan)參(can)與市(shi)場化(hua)交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)。在計劃(hua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)，《指導意見》提出按照先增(zeng)量(liang)、后存量(liang)的原則(ze)逐步將(jiang)跨省(sheng)跨區優先發電(dian)(dian)(dian)計劃(hua)從量(liang)價(jia)(jia)(jia)固定(ding)的購(gou)售電(dian)(dian)(dian)協(xie)議，轉(zhuan)化(hua)為(wei)由市(shi)場機制(zhi)決定(ding)量(liang)價(jia)(jia)(jia)的政(zheng)府授權合(he)同，釋放市(shi)場交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)空間；在中(zhong)(zhong)長期交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)，要(yao)求(qiu)簽訂長周期的中(zhong)(zhong)長期合(he)同，以(yi)引(yin)導清(qing)(qing)潔(jie)(jie)能(neng)源(yuan)投資和規劃(hua)，并(bing)(bing)完善建立中(zhong)(zhong)長期合(he)同的靈活調整機制(zhi)，通過短(duan)周期、高頻次(ci)交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)，適應清(qing)(qing)潔(jie)(jie)能(neng)源(yuan)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)特性；在現貨(huo)交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)，鼓勵(li)以(yi)報量(liang)報價(jia)(jia)(jia)方(fang)式(shi)參(can)與現貨(huo)交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)，并(bing)(bing)首次(ci)明確了未(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)標的電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)不納入棄風(feng)棄光電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)考核，掃清(qing)(qing)了清(qing)(qing)潔(jie)(jie)能(neng)源(yuan)參(can)與市(shi)場化(hua)交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)的量(liang)價(jia)(jia)(jia)管理矛盾；在環境(jing)價(jia)(jia)(jia)值方(fang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)，要(yao)求(qiu)開展綠色電(dian)(dian)(dian)力交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)，引(yin)導精準(zhun)化(hua)匹配綠色電(dian)(dian)(dian)力消費意愿，并(bing)(bing)開辟了優先組織、優先執(zhi)行和優先結算(suan)的渠道；在主(zhu)體構成方(fang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)，鼓勵(li)分(fen)(fen)布式(shi)光伏、分(fen)(fen)散式(shi)風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)等主(zhu)體同周邊用戶開展直接交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)，逐步健(jian)全分(fen)(fen)布式(shi)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)市(shi)場化(hua)交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)機制(zhi)，增(zeng)強就近消納能(neng)力。

《指導意見》積極推動電(dian)力(li)(li)(li)價格(ge)(ge)體系建立(li)完善。在(zai)我國能源(yuan)結構(gou)轉型、構(gou)建新型電(dian)力(li)(li)(li)系統(tong)的(de)關鍵階段，以(yi)(yi)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)化(hua)方式定價是電(dian)力(li)(li)(li)價格(ge)(ge)體系建立(li)的(de)必經(jing)(jing)之路。《指導意見》中明確(que)要求確(que)保(bao)(bao)居民、農業、公益(yi)性(xing)事業等用(yong)電(dian)價格(ge)(ge)的(de)相(xiang)對(dui)穩(wen)定，因此在(zai)燃(ran)煤發電(dian)上網電(dian)價全部放開、工商業用(yong)戶(hu)全部進入市(shi)場(chang)(chang)的(de)大(da)趨勢下，必須全面(mian)分析清潔能源(yuan)大(da)規模(mo)發展帶來的(de)電(dian)力(li)(li)(li)系統(tong)運行成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)上升問題，通(tong)過科學設(she)計統(tong)一(yi)電(dian)力(li)(li)(li)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)交易模(mo)式，合(he)理(li)測定能量成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)、輔助(zhu)服務成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)與(yu)容量成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)，為(wei)拉大(da)峰谷差、引導用(yong)戶(hu)削峰填谷提(ti)供(gong)數據基礎，構(gou)建市(shi)場(chang)(chang)化(hua)電(dian)力(li)(li)(li)價格(ge)(ge)形成(cheng)(cheng)及成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)疏導機制，確(que)保(bao)(bao)合(he)理(li)電(dian)價水平(ping)，以(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)效(xiao)平(ping)衡電(dian)力(li)(li)(li)供(gong)需。同時(shi)，為(wei)了有(you)(you)序銜(xian)接(jie)各層(ceng)次電(dian)力(li)(li)(li)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)，《指導意見》要求厘清跨省跨區與(yu)省內(nei)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)的(de)經(jing)(jing)濟責任邊(bian)界，進一(yi)步(bu)加強輸配電(dian)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)管理(li)，優化(hua)輸配電(dian)價結構(gou)，妥(tuo)善處理(li)政策性(xing)交叉補貼，以(yi)(yi)打通(tong)電(dian)力(li)(li)(li)資源(yuan)在(zai)各層(ceng)次電(dian)力(li)(li)(li)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)中的(de)優化(hua)配置渠道。

《指導(dao)意見(jian)》重(zhong)申信(xin)息(xi)(xi)披(pi)(pi)露、市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)監(jian)管(guan)(guan)、應急(ji)保供(gong)等多(duo)項配套機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。在信(xin)息(xi)(xi)共享和(he)披(pi)(pi)露方(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)，《指導(dao)意見(jian)》重(zhong)申了落實信(xin)息(xi)(xi)披(pi)(pi)露制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度的(de)要(yao)求，并(bing)提(ti)出建(jian)(jian)設(she)統(tong)一信(xin)息(xi)(xi)披(pi)(pi)露平臺的(de)愿景，從全(quan)(quan)局層面(mian)(mian)(mian)確保信(xin)息(xi)(xi)安全(quan)(quan)、統(tong)一披(pi)(pi)露口徑。在市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)監(jian)管(guan)(guan)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)，《指導(dao)意見(jian)》提(ti)出在逐(zhu)漸(jian)完(wan)善電(dian)(dian)力(li)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)信(xin)用(yong)評價(jia)體(ti)系的(de)基礎上，將構建(jian)(jian)以信(xin)用(yong)為基礎的(de)新型(xing)監(jian)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，并(bing)進一步(bu)強化對(dui)電(dian)(dian)力(li)交(jiao)易(yi)機(ji)構、調度機(ji)構和(he)電(dian)(dian)網企業(ye)自然(ran)壟斷性(xing)業(ye)務的(de)監(jian)管(guan)(guan)，確保市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)公開、公平、公正(zheng)的(de)交(jiao)易(yi)環境(jing)。在應急(ji)保供(gong)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)，《指導(dao)意見(jian)》提(ti)出加快應急(ji)備用(yong)和(he)調峰電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)能(neng)力(li)的(de)建(jian)(jian)設(she)，以支撐能(neng)源(yuan)結(jie)構清(qing)潔低碳(tan)轉(zhuan)型(xing)，同步(bu)建(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)健全(quan)(quan)成本回收機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，通(tong)過建(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)容量(liang)補償、容量(liang)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)、稀缺電(dian)(dian)價(jia)等機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，或通(tong)過輔助服務市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)，實現對(dui)調節(jie)資源(yuan)的(de)合理成本補償，以確保電(dian)(dian)力(li)供(gong)應安全(quan)(quan)。