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在風光熱儲一體(ti)化、新型(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力系(xi)(xi)統(tong)背(bei)景下，風電(dian)(dian)(dian)等新能(neng)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)力大(da)量入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網，對火電(dian)(dian)(dian)市場(chang)造成一定程度擠壓。而(er)(er)其(qi)中(zhong)高(gao)(gao)比(bi)例(li)的(de)風電(dian)(dian)(dian)接入(ru)更導致電(dian)(dian)(dian)力系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)備用需求增(zeng)加，由火電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)組單獨提供的(de)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)旋(xuan)轉備用也壓縮了火電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)調峰(feng)空間，從(cong)而(er)(er)影響了風電(dian)(dian)(dian)消納。因此如(ru)何提高(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網的(de)調峰(feng)能(neng)力、減少(shao)風電(dian)(dian)(dian)等高(gao)(gao)比(bi)例(li)接入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網的(de)清潔電(dian)(dian)(dian)力棄電(dian)(dian)(dian)率(lv)、提高(gao)(gao)其(qi)利用率(lv)成為了新型(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力系(xi)(xi)統(tong)亟需解決(jue)的(de)重難(nan)點。

華電(dian)(dian)(dian)華北電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)大學新能源電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)國家重點實(shi)驗室不久前(qian)于在2022年第21期《電(dian)(dian)(dian)工(gong)技術學報》上(shang)發(fa)布一(yi)篇名為《高比例(li)風電(dian)(dian)(dian)接入系(xi)統(tong)(tong)光熱發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)-火電(dian)(dian)(dian)旋轉備(bei)用優(you)(you)化方法》的期刊(kan)，并于文中提(ti)到(dao)了一(yi)種(zhong)解決高比例(li)風電(dian)(dian)(dian)接入系(xi)統(tong)(tong)光熱發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)-火電(dian)(dian)(dian)旋轉備(bei)用的優(you)(you)化方法。

文章中主要考慮在(zai)光(guang)熱(re)(re)電(dian)站加(jia)裝EH（Electric Heater）。光(guang)熱(re)(re)電(dian)站與(yu)EH聯合運行(xing)結構示意圖(tu)如(ru)圖(tu)2所(suo)示。相比于傳統光(guang)熱(re)(re)電(dian)站，加(jia)入EH后，儲熱(re)(re)裝置中的(de)導熱(re)(re)熔鹽在(zai)由低溫熔鹽罐向(xiang)高(gao)溫熔鹽罐流(liu)動過(guo)程中，除了(le)(le)吸(xi)收光(guang)場光(guang)熱(re)(re)轉換得到的(de)熱(re)(re)能(neng)，還會吸(xi)收EH通過(guo)電(dian)制熱(re)(re)產生(sheng)的(de)熱(re)(re)能(neng)，減(jian)少了(le)(le)光(guang)照對(dui)光(guang)熱(re)(re)發電(dian)能(neng)力的(de)約束。

圖：光熱電站與EH聯(lian)合運行結構示(shi)意圖

因此，在高(gao)比例風電(dian)(dian)(dian)接入(ru)系統中，將光熱電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)替代(dai)部(bu)分(fen)火電(dian)(dian)(dian)，由光熱電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)與(yu)火電(dian)(dian)(dian)進行(xing)聯合提供(gong)旋轉備用，將有助于促進高(gao)比例風電(dian)(dian)(dian)接入(ru)系統的風電(dian)(dian)(dian)消納。

此外，EH作為可調節(jie)負荷(he)，可通過調整(zheng)用(yong)電(dian)量為系統提(ti)供備(bei)(bei)用(yong)，即以用(yong)電(dian)形式提(ti)供旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)備(bei)(bei)用(yong)，使光熱(re)的旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)備(bei)(bei)用(yong)由發電(dian)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)備(bei)(bei)用(yong)擴展為發電(dian)+用(yong)電(dian)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)備(bei)(bei)用(yong)，有(you)效地提(ti)高了(le)光熱(re)電(dian)站旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)備(bei)(bei)用(yong)能(neng)力。

圖(tu)：CSP-EH能(neng)量(liang)流(liu)示意圖(tu)

但考慮到(dao)EH設備(bei)將(jiang)電能轉換為熱(re)(re)能，再(zai)通(tong)過光熱(re)(re)電站發電，其(qi)中涉及(ji)兩(liang)次電熱(re)(re)轉換，能耗較(jiao)高，因此文中提(ti)(ti)到(dao)為保(bao)證能源利用(yong)率，EH主要作為夜間(jian)棄(qi)風時(shi)段下光熱(re)(re)儲熱(re)(re)來源及(ji)緊急條件下的(de)系統備(bei)用(yong)資(zi)源，正(zheng)常場景下保(bao)持(chi)低(di)負(fu)荷率運行，主要為系統提(ti)(ti)供下旋轉備(bei)用(yong)。

文(wen)章中還(huan)分析(xi)了(le)高比例風電(dian)(dian)(dian)接入系統(tong)旋(xuan)轉備用(yong)對風電(dian)(dian)(dian)消納的(de)影響；其次，對光(guang)(guang)熱(re)-火電(dian)(dian)(dian)聯合提(ti)供旋(xuan)轉備用(yong)的(de)可行(xing)性(xing)(xing)進(jin)行(xing)分析(xi)，針對光(guang)(guang)熱(re)儲熱(re)約束，提(ti)出采用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)加熱(re)設備提(ti)高光(guang)(guang)熱(re)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)備用(yong)能力；然后，基于電(dian)(dian)(dian)加熱(re)設備電(dian)(dian)(dian)轉熱(re)特性(xing)(xing)，建立(li)了(le)含電(dian)(dian)(dian)加熱(re)光(guang)(guang)熱(re)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)及發電(dian)(dian)(dian)調峰備用(yong)模型(xing)，基于此，建立(li)光(guang)(guang)熱(re)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)-火電(dian)(dian)(dian)旋(xuan)轉備用(yong)優化模型(xing)；最后，通(tong)過改進(jin)的(de)IEEE 30節點系統(tong)進(jin)行(xing)仿真(zhen)驗(yan)證(zheng)，證(zheng)明該(gai)方法的(de)有(you)效(xiao)性(xing)(xing)。

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