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高峰，清華大學電機系本科、碩士，美國華盛頓大學電氣工程博士，教授級高級工程師。現任清華大學能源互聯網創新研究院副院長、數字化轉型研究室主任，兼任全國電器設備網絡通信接口標準化技術委員會副主任委員、國家能源互聯網產業及技術創新聯盟副秘書長、中國電力發展促進會電力數字化產業委員會副主席等。作為核心成員協助國家能源局編寫國家能源互聯網綱領性文件《關于推進“互聯網+”智慧能源發展的指導意見》、《能源技術創新“十三五”規劃》、《能源技術革命創新行動計劃（2016–2030年）》等政策文件，組織推進國家能源互聯網示范項目等多項重要工作。

3月15日，中(zhong)央財經(jing)委員會第九(jiu)次會議(yi)提出深化電力(li)體制改革，構(gou)建(jian)(jian)以新能(neng)源為主體的(de)新型(xing)電力(li)系(xi)統(tong)，為未來電力(li)發展指明了方向。新型(xing)電力(li)系(xi)統(tong)具(ju)備哪(na)些特(te)征？構(gou)建(jian)(jian)新型(xing)電力(li)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)核心(xin)和關鍵是什么？如何處理(li)好能(neng)源安(an)全和能(neng)源綠色(se)低(di)碳(tan)轉型(xing)的(de)關系(xi)？記者就(jiu)以上問題專訪清華(hua)大(da)學能(neng)源互聯網創(chuang)新研究院副院長高峰(feng)。

記者：如何理解新型電力系統，這個新系統應具備哪些特征？

高峰：構建以(yi)(yi)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)型(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)黨中央為(wei)(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)指(zhi)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)明確方(fang)(fang)(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。2014年(nian)，中央財經領(ling)導小組第六次會(hui)議提(ti)出(chu)了(le)“四個(ge)(ge)革命、一(yi)個(ge)(ge)合(he)作”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)安全新(xin)(xin)戰略，為(wei)(wei)(wei)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)轉型(xing)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)指(zhi)明了(le)方(fang)(fang)(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)舉起能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)革命的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大旗，朝著(zhu)這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)方(fang)(fang)(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)前(qian)行(xing)(xing)。多年(nian)來(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實踐(jian)證明，這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)方(fang)(fang)(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)非常正確的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。在這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)方(fang)(fang)(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)引下，碳達峰、碳中和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)目(mu)(mu)標(biao)(biao)被提(ti)出(chu)來(lai)(lai)，給能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)革命提(ti)出(chu)了(le)具(ju)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間表。這(zhe)也是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)過(guo)程(cheng)、基(ji)于能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)所取得(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)階段(duan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)成果而提(ti)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目(mu)(mu)標(biao)(biao)。構建以(yi)(yi)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)型(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在雙(shuang)碳目(mu)(mu)標(biao)(biao)下能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)革命內涵的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)深化(hua)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)指(zhi)明了(le)方(fang)(fang)(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，也給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)推(tui)進(jin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)革命、推(tui)進(jin)生態文明建設、實現(xian)(xian)雙(shuang)碳目(mu)(mu)標(biao)(biao)提(ti)出(chu)了(le)具(ju)體(ti)(ti)要(yao)求。新(xin)(xin)型(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)應與(yu)現(xian)(xian)有(you)(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)存在著(zhu)代際差(cha)(cha)異(yi)。這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)差(cha)(cha)異(yi)也就是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)新(xin)(xin)型(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)核心特征——以(yi)(yi)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)。據(ju)(ju)測算,陸(lu)上風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、光伏(fu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)將(jiang)(jiang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)我(wo)國發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)最(zui)快的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)類型(xing)，到(dao)2060年(nian)兩者裝機容量占比之和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)達到(dao)約(yue)60%，發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量占比之和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)達到(dao)約(yue)35%。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)從現(xian)(xian)在只能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)承載(zai)20%～30%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)裝機占比，到(dao)未來(lai)(lai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)承載(zai)60%以(yi)(yi)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)占比。這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)從量變到(dao)質變的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)。以(yi)(yi)這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)代際差(cha)(cha)異(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)基(ji)礎，新(xin)(xin)型(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)還將(jiang)(jiang)呈(cheng)現(xian)(xian)出(chu)其(qi)他幾個(ge)(ge)支(zhi)撐性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具(ju)體(ti)(ti)特征。一(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)靈(ling)(ling)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)特征，未來(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)將(jiang)(jiang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)強不確定性(xing)(xing)(xing)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)，這(zhe)就需(xu)要(yao)靈(ling)(ling)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)資源(yuan)(yuan)得(de)(de)到(dao)充分利用。一(yi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)端(duan)(duan)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)負荷端(duan)(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)靈(ling)(ling)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)，新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)將(jiang)(jiang)呈(cheng)現(xian)(xian)智能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)靈(ling)(ling)活(huo)(huo)(huo)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)友好并網(wang)(wang)，靈(ling)(ling)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)火(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機組、天然(ran)氣(qi)機組和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站將(jiang)(jiang)共同構成調(diao)峰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)；另一(yi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)靈(ling)(ling)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)，未來(lai)(lai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)將(jiang)(jiang)從傳統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)輸配用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)垂直單一(yi)模式，轉變為(wei)(wei)(wei)含多電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子變換的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功率與(yu)信息雙(shuang)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)流動模式，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子化(hua)，實現(xian)(xian)軟件定義(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)。二是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)數(shu)字化(hua)特征，即(ji)泛在貫通(tong)，賦(fu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)高效(xiao)。通(tong)過(guo)無處不在的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)采集和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)貫通(tong)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)生產、輸送、調(diao)度和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)消(xiao)費(fei)賦(fu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，以(yi)(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)大數(shu)據(ju)(ju)服務社會(hui)治理與(yu)經濟發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，培育新(xin)(xin)型(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)數(shu)字產業(ye)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)數(shu)字賦(fu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)。三(san)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)綜(zong)合(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)多網(wang)(wang)協同，即(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)延伸特征。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)將(jiang)(jiang)與(yu)天然(ran)氣(qi)、交(jiao)通(tong)、建筑等多領(ling)域互(hu)聯(lian)互(hu)通(tong)，智能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)將(jiang)(jiang)與(yu)熱力(li)(li)管(guan)網(wang)(wang)、天然(ran)氣(qi)管(guan)網(wang)(wang)、交(jiao)通(tong)網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)互(hu)聯(lian)互(hu)通(tong)，形(xing)成綜(zong)合(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)供應，構成綜(zong)合(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)。這(zhe)也是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)推(tui)進(jin)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)納(na)、實現(xian)(xian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)高效(xiao)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)效(xiao)措施。

記者：構建新型電力系統是一個革命性、系統性的工程，您認為其基礎和關鍵是什么？

高峰：構建(jian)新(xin)(xin)型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)(xi)統關鍵在于共(gong)(gong)建(jian)新(xin)(xin)型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)生(sheng)態。發(fa)輸配(pei)用、源(yuan)網(wang)荷(he)儲，整個產業(ye)鏈(lian)條上的(de)(de)各環節都(dou)需要(yao)(yao)實現協同(tong)，需要(yao)(yao)新(xin)(xin)能源(yuan)企業(ye)、化石能源(yuan)企業(ye)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)、用戶等(deng)共(gong)(gong)同(tong)參與(yu)，共(gong)(gong)建(jian)生(sheng)態，合作推進。構建(jian)生(sheng)態的(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)手段是(shi)機(ji)制創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)，通(tong)過(guo)新(xin)(xin)機(ji)制推動(dong)行業(ye)及社會各方(fang)積極參與(yu)進來，增強實現轉型目標的(de)(de)信心，逐漸形成共(gong)(gong)同(tong)推動(dong)變(bian)革的(de)(de)行動(dong)自覺(jue)。構建(jian)新(xin)(xin)型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)(xi)統應以(yi)科(ke)技(ji)(ji)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)為引領(ling)。能源(yuan)轉型是(shi)一(yi)個長期(qi)的(de)(de)過(guo)程，而要(yao)(yao)加(jia)速轉型就(jiu)要(yao)(yao)靠科(ke)技(ji)(ji)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)。“十四五”規劃和(he)2035年遠景目標綱要(yao)(yao)在第(di)(di)一(yi)篇章提(ti)出了發(fa)展目標之后(hou)，緊接著提(ti)出的(de)(de)第(di)(di)一(yi)方(fang)面重點(dian)工作就(jiu)是(shi)科(ke)技(ji)(ji)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)，這充分說(shuo)明了國家的(de)(de)核心發(fa)展方(fang)向是(shi)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)。對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)(xi)統來說(shuo)，傳統電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)(xi)統技(ji)(ji)術體系(xi)(xi)不(bu)適應大規模新(xin)(xin)能源(yuan)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子裝備發(fa)展，儲能、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子、交直(zhi)流(liu)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)、智能傳感、高(gao)端芯(xin)片等(deng)技(ji)(ji)術都(dou)亟待創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)突破。新(xin)(xin)型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)(xi)統一(yi)定是(shi)以(yi)新(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)技(ji)(ji)術體系(xi)(xi)為支(zhi)撐(cheng)。

記者：對推動構建新型電力系統有什么具體建議？

高峰：能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)互(hu)聯(lian)網建設(she)過程中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)互(hu)聯(lian)網理(li)念和(he)思(si)維為(wei)我們推進新(xin)(xin)型(xing)電(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)建設(she)提供(gong)了重要的(de)方(fang)式(shi)方(fang)法。這(zhe)其中(zhong)(zhong)有兩個(ge)核(he)心(xin)要素，第一(yi)(yi)個(ge)是(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)用(yong)戶為(wei)本，第二個(ge)是(shi)(shi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)性、整體性、協(xie)同(tong)性思(si)維。這(zhe)緊扣我國以(yi)(yi)人民為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)的(de)治國理(li)政核(he)心(xin)理(li)念，也緊扣我國改革發展的(de)寶貴經驗(yan)，是(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)升(sheng)維思(si)考(kao)(kao)破解(jie)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)不可能(neng)(neng)三角。可以(yi)(yi)預(yu)想(xiang)，未(wei)來(lai)的(de)電(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)應該像(xiang)互(hu)聯(lian)網系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)樣，比用(yong)戶自身(shen)更(geng)了解(jie)其用(yong)能(neng)(neng)需求，以(yi)(yi)平(ping)臺(tai)拉(la)近(jin)供(gong)需距(ju)離，實現(xian)供(gong)需協(xie)同(tong)，大眾廣泛參與(yu)，形(xing)成(cheng)新(xin)(xin)型(xing)電(dian)力(li)(li)生態(tai)，以(yi)(yi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)性思(si)維推進多種能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)協(xie)同(tong)、供(gong)給與(yu)消費(fei)協(xie)同(tong)、集中(zhong)(zhong)式(shi)與(yu)分布式(shi)協(xie)同(tong)。能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)互(hu)聯(lian)網的(de)核(he)心(xin)就是(shi)(shi)構建以(yi)(yi)可再生能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)為(wei)主(zhu)體的(de)新(xin)(xin)型(xing)電(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)，這(zhe)與(yu)電(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)新(xin)(xin)的(de)發展方(fang)向高(gao)度一(yi)(yi)致(zhi)，與(yu)碳達峰、碳中(zhong)(zhong)和(he)的(de)目標(biao)(biao)要求高(gao)度一(yi)(yi)致(zhi)。能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)互(hu)聯(lian)網是(shi)(shi)建設(she)清潔低碳、安全(quan)高(gao)效(xiao)的(de)現(xian)代能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)體系(xi)(xi)(xi)，推進實現(xian)碳達峰、碳中(zhong)(zhong)和(he)目標(biao)(biao)，推進能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)生產和(he)消費(fei)革命(ming)的(de)重要支撐(cheng)。正是(shi)(shi)基于對能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)革命(ming)的(de)深刻(ke)理(li)解(jie)，能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)互(hu)聯(lian)網建設(she)始終(zhong)方(fang)向明確，目標(biao)(biao)篤(du)定。能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)電(dian)力(li)(li)行業(ye)需要把(ba)自身(shen)發展放到國家大局中(zhong)(zhong)去考(kao)(kao)量，深刻(ke)理(li)解(jie)構建新(xin)(xin)型(xing)電(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)方(fang)向思(si)路，堅定目標(biao)(biao)，增強信心(xin)，形(xing)成(cheng)合力(li)(li)。