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2014年6月，習近平總書記在中央財經領導小組第六次會議上，明確提出“四個革命、一個合作”能源安全新戰略，指引了我國能源發展的方向。構建清潔低碳、安全高效的能源體系成為我國能源轉型的新目標。能源技術變革和信息通信技術的快速融合發展，催生了用戶對智慧用能的新需求，擴大了能源服務的新內涵，推動了傳統能源服務向綜合能源服務的轉變，發展綜合能源已成為我國能源系統建設和能源變革的重要方式。

一、綜合能源服務的特征與主要內容

目前，國內外對(dui)綜(zong)(zong)合(he)(he)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)服務(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)定義尚未(wei)統一(yi)，但對(dui)其基本(ben)特(te)征已達成(cheng)共識：一(yi)是(shi)綜(zong)(zong)合(he)(he)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，綜(zong)(zong)合(he)(he)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)服務(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)領域(yu)涵蓋冷(leng)、熱、電(dian)、氣等多種(zhong)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)系(xi)統；二(er)是(shi)綜(zong)(zong)合(he)(he)服務(wu)(wu)，綜(zong)(zong)合(he)(he)服務(wu)(wu)業(ye)務(wu)(wu)涵蓋能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)管(guan)理、技術(shu)、經濟、市場(chang)等方面(mian)，包(bao)括咨(zi)詢、委托(tuo)運(yun)維、合(he)(he)同能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)管(guan)理、項目總承包(bao)等多種(zhong)方式。因此，綜(zong)(zong)合(he)(he)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)服務(wu)(wu)是(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)依托(tuo)先進互(hu)聯網通信技術(shu)和能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)技術(shu)、為滿(man)足終(zhong)端客戶多元化(hua)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)生產與消費(fei)需求的(de)(de)服務(wu)(wu)方式。

綜合(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的內容主(zhu)要包(bao)括能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)規劃和(he)(he)節能(neng)(neng)(neng)改造服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)管(guan)理(li)和(he)(he)運維服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、能(neng)(neng)(neng)效診(zhen)斷和(he)(he)提(ti)升服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、需求(qiu)管(guan)理(li)和(he)(he)需求(qiu)響(xiang)應服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、投資運營服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、工程建(jian)設服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)和(he)(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)交易(yi)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)等多種形式(shi)。開(kai)展綜合(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)符合(he)我國對能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)安(an)全、環保、可持續以(yi)及高(gao)效利用等方面(mian)的要求(qiu)，有利于推(tui)動我國能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)互聯網建(jian)設、推(tui)進能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)革命(ming)進程。因(yin)此，綜合(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)迅(xun)速成為(wei)我國新的能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)重點發展方向，傳統能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)企業、能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)商也(ye)相(xiang)繼成立(li)綜合(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)公(gong)司，積極(ji)拓展綜合(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)市場。

二、綜合能源系統的內涵

綜(zong)合(he)(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，是指(zhi)一(yi)定區(qu)域(yu)(yu)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)利(li)用(yong)先進的(de)(de)(de)(de)技術和(he)(he)管理(li)模(mo)式(shi)，以“兩(liang)高(gao)(gao)三低”為目標（兩(liang)高(gao)(gao)：系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)綜(zong)合(he)(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)提高(gao)(gao)、系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)運(yun)行(xing)可靠性的(de)(de)(de)(de)提高(gao)(gao)；三低：用(yong)戶用(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)成本的(de)(de)(de)(de)降低、系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)碳排(pai)(pai)放的(de)(de)(de)(de)降低和(he)(he)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)其(qi)他污染物(wu)排(pai)(pai)放的(de)(de)(de)(de)降低），整合(he)(he)區(qu)域(yu)(yu)內(nei)石油、煤炭、天然氣(qi)和(he)(he)電(dian)力(li)等(deng)多(duo)種(zhong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，實現(xian)多(duo)異(yi)質能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)子系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)協調規劃、優化運(yun)行(xing)、協同(tong)管理(li)、交互響應和(he)(he)互補(bu)互濟，在滿足多(duo)元(yuan)化用(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)需(xu)求的(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)時(shi)，有(you)效(xiao)提升能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)利(li)用(yong)效(xiao)率(lv)，進而促進能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)可持續發(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)新型一(yi)體化能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。當前(qian)我(wo)國以單一(yi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)縱向延伸為主(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)傳統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)展模(mo)式(shi)已(yi)不能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)滿足能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)革(ge)命(ming)戰(zhan)略在保(bao)障能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)安全、提高(gao)(gao)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)效(xiao)率(lv)、推動環境保(bao)護和(he)(he)促進新能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消納等(deng)方面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)要求。在宏(hong)觀政策和(he)(he)企業(ye)業(ye)態不斷創新的(de)(de)(de)(de)推動下，綜(zong)合(he)(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)整合(he)(he)冷(leng)、熱(re)、電(dian)、氣(qi)等(deng)多(duo)種(zhong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，推動打(da)破傳統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)單一(yi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)技術壁(bi)壘(lei)、市場壁(bi)壘(lei)和(he)(he)體制壁(bi)壘(lei)，實現(xian)多(duo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)互補(bu)互濟和(he)(he)協調優化，有(you)效(xiao)提升了(le)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)利(li)用(yong)效(xiao)率(lv)、促進了(le)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)可持續發(fa)(fa)展。

三、構建綜合能源系統推進綜合能源服務

綜(zong)合(he)(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)系統(tong)與綜(zong)合(he)(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)服(fu)務相互依存、共同發(fa)展(zhan)。一是(shi)(shi)，綜(zong)合(he)(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)服(fu)務的(de)開展(zhan)依靠(kao)綜(zong)合(he)(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)系統(tong)規劃優化、運行優化、能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)交易、能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)大數據等技(ji)術(shu)支(zhi)撐，同時綜(zong)合(he)(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)系統(tong)的(de)技(ji)術(shu)革新(xin)也推(tui)動(dong)了綜(zong)合(he)(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)服(fu)務的(de)轉變；二是(shi)(shi)，綜(zong)合(he)(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)系統(tong)附著在(zai)綜(zong)合(he)(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)服(fu)務上，為用戶(hu)提(ti)供能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)規劃、能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)管(guan)理、能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)交易、能(neng)(neng)(neng)效提(ti)升等服(fu)務。因此(ci)，在(zai)用戶(hu)側構建綜(zong)合(he)(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)系統(tong)，推(tui)進(jin)綜(zong)合(he)(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)服(fu)務，成(cheng)為發(fa)展(zhan)綜(zong)合(he)(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)重要(yao)措施，也是(shi)(shi)全(quan)面推(tui)進(jin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)革命的(de)重大戰(zhan)略支(zhi)撐。

1.革新能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)技(ji)術(shu)，助(zhu)力(li)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)服(fu)(fu)務。能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)和建設是(shi)開(kai)(kai)展能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)服(fu)(fu)務的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)先決(jue)條(tiao)件，合理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)建設方(fang)案將很大程度(du)上(shang)決(jue)定著能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)高效(xiao)經濟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運行潛(qian)力(li)。傳統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)按照(zhao)不同(tong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)類型劃(hua)(hua)分為多(duo)個相對獨(du)立(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)子系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)，各類能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)產業(ye)都通過自身的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)、建設和投(tou)資來確(que)保本(ben)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)品(pin)種的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)需平(ping)衡。這(zhe)種傳統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)在提高能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)利(li)用(yong)(yong)效(xiao)率(lv)、實現能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)互補以及從整體上(shang)解(jie)決(jue)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)需求問題時面臨一些(xie)障礙。綜(zong)合能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)優化(hua)是(shi)解(jie)決(jue)多(duo)類異質能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)協(xie)同(tong)耦合、終端能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)(gong)給(gei)結(jie)構優化(hua)難題的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要技(ji)術(shu)。面向社區、樓宇、工業(ye)企(qi)業(ye)及園區等(deng)用(yong)(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)對象，開(kai)(kai)展以屋頂(ding)光(guang)伏、分散式風電(dian)、冷熱電(dian)三聯供(gong)(gong)、熱泵、工業(ye)余熱余壓利(li)用(yong)(yong)等(deng)分布(bu)式能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)為核心的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)綜(zong)合能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)優化(hua)、技(ji)術(shu)創(chuang)新，解(jie)決(jue)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)階段冷、熱、電(dian)、氣(qi)等(deng)多(duo)種形(xing)態能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)協(xie)同(tong)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)和梯級利(li)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)難題；針對政(zheng)府、電(dian)網(wang)公司、能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)托管(guan)企(qi)業(ye)等(deng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)管(guan)理(li)(li)主體，開(kai)(kai)展靈活的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)綜(zong)合能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)角色(se)設計，打造(zao)低(di)成(cheng)本(ben)、低(di)排放、低(di)依賴、高能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)維度(du)綜(zong)合能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)技(ji)術(shu)，推動能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)服(fu)(fu)務提升，助(zhu)力(li)綜(zong)合能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)和節能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)改造(zao)服(fu)(fu)務。

2.研發多(duo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)運(yun)行(xing)技(ji)術，助(zhu)力能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)運(yun)維(wei)服(fu)(fu)務。綜(zong)合(he)(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)系(xi)統(tong)是(shi)以電力為(wei)核心、涵蓋能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)轉化(hua)(hua)(hua)、傳(chuan)輸(shu)、分(fen)配等多(duo)階段的(de)多(duo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)網絡系(xi)統(tong)，其能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)調(diao)度(du)問題已從(cong)傳(chuan)統(tong)單一能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)運(yun)行(xing)優(you)化(hua)(hua)(hua)逐步發展到多(duo)種能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)相互(hu)耦(ou)(ou)合(he)(he)、協同(tong)配合(he)(he)，共同(tong)滿足用戶的(de)多(duo)元(yuan)負荷需求。綜(zong)合(he)(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)系(xi)統(tong)運(yun)行(xing)優(you)化(hua)(hua)(hua)是(shi)解決(jue)多(duo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)網絡耦(ou)(ou)合(he)(he)、多(duo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供給策略優(you)化(hua)(hua)(hua)難題的(de)重要(yao)技(ji)術。研發高(gao)效(xiao)多(duo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)流協同(tong)運(yun)行(xing)技(ji)術，以優(you)化(hua)(hua)(hua)目(mu)標為(wei)導向(xiang)，整合(he)(he)熱、電、冷、天(tian)然(ran)氣、新能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)等多(duo)種能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，實(shi)現多(duo)種能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)間(jian)的(de)交(jiao)互(hu)響應和互(hu)補互(hu)濟，提高(gao)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)利用效(xiao)率；研發能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)采集(ji)和控(kong)制(zhi)終端，推動能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)流與信息(xi)流的(de)深度(du)交(jiao)互(hu)，增強能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)系(xi)統(tong)監測和控(kong)制(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力。提升優(you)化(hua)(hua)(hua)技(ji)術和增強控(kong)制(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力并(bing)舉，打通平臺層(ceng)與感知層(ceng)之間(jian)的(de)信息(xi)交(jiao)互(hu)，支撐綜(zong)合(he)(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)運(yun)維(wei)服(fu)(fu)務。

3.開(kai)展能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)數(shu)據(ju)挖(wa)(wa)掘(jue)，助力能(neng)(neng)(neng)效提(ti)升服務。加快(kuai)數(shu)字信息技(ji)術(shu)(shu)與(yu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)物(wu)理技(ji)術(shu)(shu)的融合(he)，推(tui)進能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)路由(you)器等(deng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)互聯網核心設備的研發與(yu)應用(yong)，廣泛部署數(shu)據(ju)采(cai)集終端，加強用(yong)戶用(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)信息采(cai)集、監測，打破(po)多元主(zhu)體間、不同(tong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)子系統間的數(shu)據(ju)壁壘；運(yun)用(yong)云計(ji)算、5G、大(da)數(shu)據(ju)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)，打通上游發電、輸配電、分(fen)布式等(deng)供給端與(yu)下游工商業、居(ju)民(min)、園區(qu)等(deng)用(yong)戶端的完(wan)整數(shu)據(ju)鏈；研發綜合(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)數(shu)據(ju)挖(wa)(wa)掘(jue)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)，充分(fen)挖(wa)(wa)掘(jue)數(shu)據(ju)價值，深化能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)數(shu)據(ju)增值服務，支撐(cheng)綜合(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)規劃、運(yun)行技(ji)術(shu)(shu)；研發綜合(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)評估與(yu)診斷技(ji)術(shu)(shu)，積極(ji)開(kai)展能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)數(shu)據(ju)服務，針對性地為用(yong)戶定制差異化的綜合(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)解決方案，實現(xian)不同(tong)用(yong)戶的節能(neng)(neng)(neng)減排(pai)和能(neng)(neng)(neng)效提(ti)升。因此，開(kai)展以“云大(da)物(wu)移智鏈”為技(ji)術(shu)(shu)支撐(cheng)的能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)數(shu)據(ju)挖(wa)(wa)掘(jue)，可打造綜合(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)數(shu)據(ju)服務生態，助力綜合(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)效提(ti)升服務。

4.推(tui)動需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)求曲線(xian)重塑，助(zhu)力需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)求響(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)服(fu)務。發掘(jue)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)求側資(zi)源(yuan)效用(yong)(yong)。以精準規劃(hua)為(wei)引導，挖掘(jue)多能(neng)互(hu)補協同與(yu)(yu)(yu)綜(zong)(zong)合需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)求響(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)潛力；以高(gao)效運(yun)營為(wei)引導，分析與(yu)(yu)(yu)發掘(jue)多源(yuan)異構數據特征，揭示多元(yuan)用(yong)(yong)能(neng)負荷轉移、削(xue)減以及(ji)異質能(neng)轉換的(de)(de)(de)(de)潛力；以高(gao)質消費(fei)為(wei)引導，推(tui)廣智慧用(yong)(yong)能(neng)平臺、智能(neng)自動響(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)終端(duan)、虛擬電(dian)廠等新技術(shu)與(yu)(yu)(yu)新業態，充分調動用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)參與(yu)(yu)(yu)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)求響(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)積極(ji)性(xing)。推(tui)動需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)求側資(zi)源(yuan)綜(zong)(zong)合優(you)(you)化(hua)。以綜(zong)(zong)合能(neng)源(yuan)系(xi)(xi)統為(wei)響(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)紐帶，貫通需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)求側用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)、多能(neng)源(yuan)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)系(xi)(xi)統與(yu)(yu)(yu)電(dian)網的(de)(de)(de)(de)信息交互(hu)，研發以綜(zong)(zong)合能(neng)源(yuan)系(xi)(xi)統為(wei)核心的(de)(de)(de)(de)綜(zong)(zong)合需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)求響(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)技術(shu)，為(wei)能(neng)源(yuan)電(dian)力系(xi)(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)求側管理(li)與(yu)(yu)(yu)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)求響(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)計劃(hua)制定提供(gong)技術(shu)支撐(cheng)。因此，推(tui)動需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)求曲線(xian)重塑，可實現供(gong)給側與(yu)(yu)(yu)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)求側的(de)(de)(de)(de)聯動優(you)(you)化(hua)，助(zhu)力需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)求響(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)服(fu)務。

5.打造(zao)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)集群，助力(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場交(jiao)易(yi)服務(wu)。以區(qu)塊(kuai)鏈等信(xin)息(xi)技術為(wei)支撐(cheng)，推(tui)動能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)靈活自主微平衡交(jiao)易(yi)，實現去中心化、信(xin)息(xi)共享、智能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)結(jie)算的(de)分(fen)布式能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)、分(fen)布式儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)主體，與工業(ye)大用戶及個人、家庭級微用能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)主體間的(de)點(dian)對點(dian)實時自主交(jiao)易(yi)，進(jin)而為(wei)創(chuang)新綠(lv)色能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)認證、綠(lv)色貨幣、綠(lv)色證書(shu)等清潔能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)新型(xing)商業(ye)模式的(de)推(tui)廣(guang)提供可能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)；依托(tuo)綜合(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)，全面推(tui)進(jin)多(duo)種能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)的(de)互補(bu)融合(he)和跨區(qu)域(yu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)聯(lian)(lian)合(he)優化，形(xing)成涵蓋電力(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場、碳交(jiao)易(yi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場、綠(lv)色配額交(jiao)易(yi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場、煤電聯(lian)(lian)動機制(zhi)(zhi)等多(duo)類型(xing)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場機制(zhi)(zhi)；創(chuang)新能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)電力(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)運營管(guan)理機制(zhi)(zhi)，發揮(hui)電網公(gong)司、裝備制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)企業(ye)、互聯(lian)(lian)網公(gong)司、金融企業(ye)等各(ge)類主體優勢(shi)，推(tui)動能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)電力(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)及周邊產(chan)業(ye)各(ge)類主體協調發展，助力(li)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場交(jiao)易(yi)服務(wu)。

四、“十四五”期間綜合能源的發展思路

隨(sui)著能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)技(ji)術創新(xin)、能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)系統形態升級、能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)管理(li)體制(zhi)變革，綜(zong)合能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)將朝著供應(ying)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)多(duo)元化(hua)、服(fu)務(wu)(wu)多(duo)元化(hua)、用能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)方式(shi)多(duo)元化(hua)及智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)趨(qu)勢發(fa)展，其業務(wu)(wu)形態也由面向能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)系統終端(duan)逐步轉變為能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)組合供應(ying)式(shi)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)、新(xin)技(ji)術融合服(fu)務(wu)(wu)、一體化(hua)集成式(shi)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)等(deng)綜(zong)合服(fu)務(wu)(wu)。綜(zong)合能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)的目(mu)標是打造(zao)全社會綜(zong)合能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)生(sheng)態圈，“十四五(wu)”期間主(zhu)要應(ying)從夯實(shi)理(li)論基石、突破關鍵技(ji)術、完善(shan)基礎(chu)架構、優化(hua)市(shi)場機制(zhi)、完善(shan)商業模式(shi)和實(shi)現服(fu)務(wu)(wu)的數據業務(wu)(wu)化(hua)等(deng)方面展開。

1.夯實理論基(ji)石。加強多(duo)(duo)能(neng)源(yuan)設備綜(zong)(zong)合(he)(he)建模、多(duo)(duo)能(neng)流(liu)網(wang)絡動態潮(chao)流(liu)分析、多(duo)(duo)能(neng)源(yuan)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)“源(yuan)網(wang)荷(he)儲”聯合(he)(he)優(you)化(hua)、大規(gui)模復雜模型聯合(he)(he)求解(jie)等綜(zong)(zong)合(he)(he)能(neng)源(yuan)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)理論研究(jiu)，推動綜(zong)(zong)合(he)(he)能(neng)源(yuan)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)協(xie)同優(you)化(hua)方法創新，夯實綜(zong)(zong)合(he)(he)能(neng)源(yuan)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)理論基(ji)石。

2.突破(po)關鍵技術(shu)。加強(qiang)能量(liang)(liang)轉換(huan)、能量(liang)(liang)傳輸和智(zhi)能感知與控制等關鍵技術(shu)研究，推(tui)動分布式能源(yuan)轉化(hua)設(she)備、儲(chu)能設(she)備、智(zhi)能終(zhong)端技術(shu)革新(xin)，突破(po)能源(yuan)耦合、能源(yuan)聯(lian)動的技術(shu)壁壘，實(shi)現能源(yuan)在“生(sheng)產-轉換(huan)-傳輸-儲(chu)存(cun)-消費”等多環節的綠色高效應用。

3.完善(shan)基礎架構。一是(shi)加(jia)強(qiang)分布式能源(yuan)設(she)(she)備和(he)能源(yuan)網(wang)絡建設(she)(she)，鼓勵發展電(dian)、熱(re)、冷(leng)、氫(qing)等多類型儲(chu)能設(she)(she)施和(he)因地制宜建設(she)(she)綜合能源(yuan)，推動多種能源(yuan)的(de)優(you)化布局與高效(xiao)利用；二(er)是(shi)加(jia)強(qiang)智(zhi)能終端(duan)和(he)智(zhi)慧能源(yuan)平(ping)臺(tai)建設(she)(she)，實現能源(yuan)生產消費的(de)智(zhi)能監測、診(zhen)斷和(he)調控，提升(sheng)能源(yuan)供(gong)應的(de)可(ke)靠性。

4.優化市場機制。合理促(cu)進市場集中度(du)和開放度(du)不斷(duan)提高(gao)，鼓勵各(ge)類市場參與(yu)主(zhu)體(ti)尤其(qi)是能(neng)源服(fu)(fu)務商(shang)的專業化發(fa)展，建立起政(zheng)府(fu)、能(neng)源服(fu)(fu)務商(shang)、用能(neng)企(qi)業共(gong)同拓(tuo)展綜合能(neng)源服(fu)(fu)務市場的合作機制，促(cu)進綜合能(neng)源服(fu)(fu)務市場不斷(duan)向產業生(sheng)態(tai)階段演進，創建風險(xian)共(gong)擔(dan)、互利互惠的商(shang)業生(sheng)態(tai)圈(quan)。

5.完(wan)善商業模式。一是激發市(shi)場(chang)參(can)與主(zhu)(zhu)體活力，實(shi)現(xian)各(ge)(ge)市(shi)場(chang)參(can)與主(zhu)(zhu)體與用戶間有效(xiao)、充分的(de)互動，重視(shi)用戶側能(neng)源(yuan)消費行為(wei)的(de)引導與培(pei)養(yang)；二是以(yi)多(duo)能(neng)源(yuan)供應、技術融合以(yi)及集(ji)成(cheng)式服務(wu)(wu)等(deng)模式為(wei)核心，為(wei)各(ge)(ge)類型(xing)客戶提供多(duo)種能(neng)源(yuan)整體規劃、設計(ji)、實(shi)施等(deng)服務(wu)(wu)。

6.提(ti)升(sheng)數(shu)據業(ye)務(wu)化。一(yi)(yi)是(shi)提(ti)高用能(neng)(neng)數(shu)據獲取的(de)范圍、顆粒度和精(jing)準度，形成大數(shu)據資源服務(wu)基礎；二是(shi)提(ti)高數(shu)據分析處(chu)理(li)能(neng)(neng)力(li)，解決大數(shu)據處(chu)理(li)底層算法功能(neng)(neng)及(ji)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)瓶頸，進一(yi)(yi)步挖(wa)掘數(shu)據價值(zhi)的(de)增(zeng)值(zhi)服務(wu)。

綜(zong)(zong)上所述，綜(zong)(zong)合能源(yuan)系(xi)統(tong)是(shi)支撐綜(zong)(zong)合能源(yuan)服務(wu)(wu)業(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)開展、推動其業(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)拓展的重要力量。未(wei)來，綜(zong)(zong)合能源(yuan)服務(wu)(wu)的價值與內涵將(jiang)不斷發展與延伸，客(ke)戶對綜(zong)(zong)合能源(yuan)多元化(hua)服務(wu)(wu)的更高要求也將(jiang)促使綜(zong)(zong)合能源(yuan)系(xi)統(tong)相關技術(shu)不斷進(jin)步(bu)。