日前,國家能源局山西監管辦公室發布《關于明確跨省區外送電量輔助服務費用分攤有關事項的通知》,明確跨省區外送電量輔助服務費用的分攤范圍和分攤方式。這意味著,山西成為全國首個開展跨省區交易電量輔助服務費用分攤的省份。
“費(fei)(fei)(fei)用分(fen)(fen)攤(tan)更(geng)加(jia)公平合(he)理。山西(xi)此舉(ju)開創了(le)輔(fu)助服(fu)務費(fei)(fei)(fei)向(xiang)跨省用戶側分(fen)(fen)攤(tan)的先河(he),將對(dui)輔(fu)助服(fu)務費(fei)(fei)(fei)向(xiang)用戶側疏導政策的落實起到積(ji)極推動(dong)作(zuo)用。”國家發展改革委價格成本調查中心處長趙宏向(xiang)《中國能源報》記者指出,建立(li)電力(li)輔(fu)助服(fu)務費(fei)(fei)(fei)用分(fen)(fen)攤(tan)機(ji)制,對(dui)于(yu)電力(li)調度機(ji)構獲取充分(fen)(fen)的靈(ling)活(huo)調節資(zi)源至關(guan)重要,將對(dui)建立(li)新型電力(li)系(xi)統和實現“雙碳”目(mu)標(biao)發揮積(ji)極作(zuo)用。
提供先行范例
電(dian)力(li)輔(fu)助(zhu)(zhu)服(fu)務是指(zhi)為維護電(dian)力(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)安全(quan)穩定運行、保障電(dian)能質量、促進(jin)新能源消納,由市場運營機構統(tong)(tong)一組織采購調用(yong)的(de)調峰、調頻、備用(yong)等系(xi)統(tong)(tong)調節(jie)服(fu)務。截至(zhi)2022年底,我國電(dian)力(li)輔(fu)助(zhu)(zhu)服(fu)務實現了6大區域、33個省區電(dian)網的(de)全(quan)覆蓋,統(tong)(tong)一的(de)輔(fu)助(zhu)(zhu)服(fu)務規則體系(xi)基(ji)本形成。
據(ju)記者(zhe)了(le)解,以往(wang)電力(li)輔(fu)(fu)助服(fu)務費用主要在(zai)省(sheng)(sheng)內分(fen)攤(tan),并且大多數省(sheng)(sheng)份(fen)只(zhi)在(zai)發電電源側(ce)分(fen)攤(tan),只(zhi)有個別省(sheng)(sheng)份(fen)向省(sheng)(sheng)內用戶側(ce)分(fen)攤(tan)且主要集中于(yu)工商業用戶,但(dan)電力(li)輔(fu)(fu)助服(fu)務作為(wei)一項公共產品,所有系統主體(ti)均是受(shou)益(yi)者(zhe),受(shou)益(yi)電量(liang)(liang)是其(qi)提供輔(fu)(fu)助服(fu)務區(qu)域范圍內傳輸的全部電量(liang)(liang),既包(bao)括本地用電量(liang)(liang),也包(bao)括跨(kua)區(qu)域“網(wang)對網(wang)”外(wai)送電量(liang)(liang)。
山西是我國電(dian)(dian)力外(wai)送(song)大省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),近(jin)一半的外(wai)送(song)電(dian)(dian)量為省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)調(diao)機組“網對(dui)網”外(wai)送(song)電(dian)(dian)量,而相應的輔助服(fu)務費實際由省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)調(diao)機組和省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)內用(yong)戶(hu)承擔,亟需建立公平合理的價格分攤機制(zhi)。
根據(ju)2021年12月國家能(neng)源局(ju)發(fa)布的(de)(de)《電力輔(fu)助(zhu)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)管理(li)辦法》,按照(zhao)“誰受益、誰承擔(dan)”原(yuan)則,進一步完善(shan)輔(fu)助(zhu)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)考核補償(chang)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi),明(ming)確跨(kua)省跨(kua)區發(fa)電機(ji)組參(can)與輔(fu)助(zhu)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)責任義務(wu)(wu)(wu)、參(can)與方式(shi)和補償(chang)分攤(tan)原(yuan)則,建(jian)立用戶(hu)參(can)與的(de)(de)分擔(dan)共享機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi),山西率先(xian)落(luo)地。
“山(shan)(shan)西(xi)將輔(fu)助(zhu)服務(wu)成(cheng)本擴展到省(sheng)間分(fen)攤,保障了輔(fu)助(zhu)服務(wu)資金的(de)來源(yuan),把電力(li)輔(fu)助(zhu)服務(wu)責任落實到不同地(di)區(qu)(qu)的(de)相關市場(chang)(chang)主體,使市場(chang)(chang)主體能夠獲得(de)或(huo)承擔(dan)與輔(fu)助(zhu)服務(wu)相關的(de)費用(yong),可降低省(sheng)內用(yong)戶的(de)用(yong)電成(cheng)本。”華北電力(li)大(da)學教授袁家海告(gao)訴《中國能源(yuan)報》記(ji)者,山(shan)(shan)西(xi)明確(que)跨(kua)(kua)省(sheng)區(qu)(qu)外送(song)電力(li)輔(fu)助(zhu)服務(wu)費用(yong)分(fen)攤,能夠有(you)力(li)推(tui)動跨(kua)(kua)省(sheng)區(qu)(qu)輔(fu)助(zhu)服務(wu)分(fen)攤共享機制的(de)建立,并(bing)為全國統一電力(li)市場(chang)(chang)體系和能源(yuan)綠色(se)低碳轉型提供先行范例。
有待擴展至區域范圍
電力輔助服務市(shi)場是(shi)全國統(tong)一電力市(shi)場的重要(yao)組成(cheng)部分,是(shi)推(tui)動能源(yuan)低(di)碳轉(zhuan)型的重要(yao)抓手(shou)。
趙宏指出,受(shou)新(xin)能(neng)源高比例(li)接入、極端天(tian)氣增(zeng)(zeng)多、經濟社會發展用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量增(zeng)(zeng)加導(dao)致電(dian)(dian)(dian)力負荷(he)峰(feng)谷(gu)差(cha)拉大(da),信息化電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣化對(dui)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)質量要求(qiu)提(ti)高等(deng)因素影響,電(dian)(dian)(dian)力輔助服(fu)(fu)務的不(bu)確(que)定(ding)性(xing)加劇,電(dian)(dian)(dian)力調度機構(gou)對(dui)靈活調節資源需求(qiu)大(da)大(da)增(zeng)(zeng)加。同時,新(xin)能(neng)源的波動性(xing)、間歇性(xing)和隨機性(xing),使得電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)輸送過程中也需要大(da)量輔助服(fu)(fu)務用(yong)于平衡負荷(he)、穩(wen)定(ding)頻率電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)保(bao)證電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)質量,以(yi)及系統備用(yong)和黑(hei)啟動等(deng)應急事(shi)故處理。電(dian)(dian)(dian)力輔助服(fu)(fu)務可為電(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統所有(you)參與(yu)者提(ti)供安全保(bao)障,費(fei)用(yong)分(fen)攤共(gong)享(xiang)符合(he)客觀經濟規(gui)律,才(cai)能(neng)調動靈活調節資源的投資建設熱(re)情,為能(neng)源綠(lv)色低碳(tan)轉型保(bao)駕護(hu)航。
那(nei)么(me),山西建立跨省(sheng)區交易電(dian)量(liang)分(fen)攤輔助服務費用的做法是否(fou)可在(zai)全國范圍內復制推廣(guang)?
趙宏(hong)指(zhi)出(chu),山(shan)西建立跨(kua)省(sheng)區交易電(dian)(dian)量(liang)分攤(tan)輔(fu)(fu)助服務費(fei)用(yong)的(de)做法符合電(dian)(dian)力(li)輔(fu)(fu)助服務的(de)系統(tong)性(xing)、壟斷性(xing)、不確(que)定性(xing)特點和公共品(pin)經濟學屬(shu)性(xing),對(dui)靈活調節(jie)資源健康可(ke)持續發展具(ju)有重(zhong)要推動(dong)作用(yong),值得各(ge)地借鑒。但目(mu)前電(dian)(dian)網(wang)系統(tong)的(de)調度多(duo)以(yi)區域(yu)(yu)為單位進行安全調節(jie),極個別以(yi)省(sheng)為單位。因(yin)此,輔(fu)(fu)助服務費(fei)總(zong)量(liang)有待(dai)進一(yi)步擴展到區域(yu)(yu)范圍,總(zong)費(fei)用(yong)由所(suo)調節(jie)區域(yu)(yu)輸送的(de)總(zong)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)來(lai)共同分攤(tan),包括區域(yu)(yu)內部用(yong)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)和區域(yu)(yu)間“網(wang)對(dui)網(wang)”輸送電(dian)(dian)量(liang)。
袁家(jia)海認為,山西明確了分攤(tan)(tan)范圍(wei)、分攤(tan)(tan)方式、結算流程及執行時間,可為其它地區跨省區輔(fu)(fu)助(zhu)服務(wu)分攤(tan)(tan)共(gong)享機(ji)制(zhi)的建立提(ti)供一定參考,但還不(bu)足以在(zai)(zai)全國(guo)范圍(wei)內復制(zhi)推廣。原因在(zai)(zai)于,一方面是存在(zai)(zai)市(shi)場(chang)利益協調(diao)問(wen)題,我國(guo)各(ge)地區資源稟(bing)賦(fu)不(bu)同、電(dian)價差異明顯,用戶的電(dian)價承(cheng)(cheng)受能(neng)力也有(you)所不(bu)同,輔(fu)(fu)助(zhu)服務(wu)費用分攤(tan)(tan)會(hui)影響各(ge)省區市(shi)場(chang)主體利益,因此需要根據各(ge)地實際情況,建立科學(xue)合理的省間利益協調(diao)機(ji)制(zhi),保(bao)障區域間的市(shi)場(chang)交易(yi);另一方面,輔(fu)(fu)助(zhu)服務(wu)成(cheng)本(ben)分攤(tan)(tan)比例有(you)待厘清,在(zai)(zai)部分區域或省份,輔(fu)(fu)助(zhu)服務(wu)成(cheng)本(ben)由發電(dian)側并網主體和(he)市(shi)場(chang)化電(dian)力用戶共(gong)同承(cheng)(cheng)擔,具體分攤(tan)(tan)比例還需進(jin)一步商榷(que)。
輔助服務市場建設力度待加強
在(zai)國(guo)家能源局日前(qian)召開的(de)三季度例行新聞發布(bu)會上(shang),國(guo)家能源局市場(chang)監管(guan)司副司長(chang)劉剛介紹,截至(zhi)6月底,全國(guo)發電裝機(ji)容量約27.1億千(qian)瓦,其中參與電力輔助(zhu)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)的(de)裝機(ji)約20億千(qian)瓦。今年上(shang)半(ban)年,全國(guo)電力輔助(zhu)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)費(fei)用共278億元,占(zhan)(zhan)上(shang)網電費(fei)的(de)1.9%,其中調峰補償占(zhan)(zhan)比(bi)60.0%,調頻補償占(zhan)(zhan)比(bi)19.4%,備(bei)用補償占(zhan)(zhan)比(bi)16.2%。
“目前(qian),我國輔(fu)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)建(jian)設(she)(she)仍存在價格機制不盡合理、品種不夠(gou)豐富、主體(ti)較為單一(yi)等問題。”袁家(jia)海進一(yi)步表示,我國已初步明確(que)了輔(fu)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)費(fei)用(yong)由多(duo)主體(ti)分攤的(de)(de)機制,當前(qian)面臨的(de)(de)核心問題是不同市(shi)(shi)場(chang)主體(ti)間的(de)(de)責任與(yu)利益(yi)分配問題,核心要義是在“誰提供(gong),誰獲利;誰受益(yi)、誰承擔”原(yuan)則的(de)(de)基(ji)礎上(shang),考慮(lv)多(duo)種輔(fu)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)類型(xing)及不同地區電力(li)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)發展的(de)(de)實際情(qing)況,進行(xing)差異化(hua)費(fei)用(yong)分攤。未來需進一(yi)步加大電力(li)輔(fu)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)建(jian)設(she)(she)力(li)度,完(wan)善市(shi)(shi)場(chang)化(hua)的(de)(de)輔(fu)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)價格機制,調(diao)動(dong)多(duo)方主體(ti)參與(yu)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)的(de)(de)積極性(xing),釋放輔(fu)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)的(de)(de)交易需求(qiu),并充(chong)分挖掘靈活性(xing)資源調(diao)節潛力(li),形成(cheng)多(duo)元化(hua)輔(fu)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)主體(ti)的(de)(de)新格局(ju)。
國家層面已明確啟動編(bian)制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)輔(fu)助(zhu)(zhu)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場基(ji)本(ben)規則。趙宏建議,基(ji)本(ben)規則中(zhong)應(ying)(ying)重點明確服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)主(zhu)體、共享分攤機制、成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)補(bu)償核算等(deng)內容,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)輔(fu)助(zhu)(zhu)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)費(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)要在其(qi)(qi)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)區域(yu)內的(de)(de)所有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶間共同分攤,提供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)輔(fu)助(zhu)(zhu)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)的(de)(de)主(zhu)體是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)調(diao)度機構及其(qi)(qi)調(diao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)靈(ling)活(huo)調(diao)節(jie)資源(yuan)(yuan),包(bao)括靈(ling)活(huo)性煤電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、水電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、氣(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、儲能(neng)(neng),傳統高載(zai)能(neng)(neng)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)負(fu)荷、工(gong)商業(ye)(ye)可中(zhong)斷負(fu)荷、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車充換電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)施(shi)等(deng)可調(diao)節(jie)負(fu)荷,負(fu)荷聚合(he)商、虛擬電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠等(deng)。靈(ling)活(huo)調(diao)節(jie)資源(yuan)(yuan)參(can)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)輔(fu)助(zhu)(zhu)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)所獲得補(bu)償標準應(ying)(ying)以其(qi)(qi)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)為基(ji)礎,并綜合(he)考(kao)慮合(he)理收益來(lai)確定(ding)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)輔(fu)助(zhu)(zhu)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場如(ru)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)“固(gu)定(ding)補(bu)償+市(shi)(shi)(shi)場化(hua)補(bu)償”價格管理形式,固(gu)定(ding)補(bu)償標準上(shang)限應(ying)(ying)參(can)考(kao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)輔(fu)助(zhu)(zhu)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)容量成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)制定(ding);市(shi)(shi)(shi)場化(hua)補(bu)償標準不應(ying)(ying)低于靈(ling)活(huo)調(diao)節(jie)資源(yuan)(yuan)參(can)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)輔(fu)助(zhu)(zhu)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)量損(sun)耗成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)。靈(ling)活(huo)調(diao)節(jie)資源(yuan)(yuan)參(can)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)輔(fu)助(zhu)(zhu)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)時,用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)應(ying)(ying)由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網提供、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價應(ying)(ying)執行電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網代理購電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價格,不再收取作(zuo)為發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)或電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶的(de)(de)其(qi)(qi)他各項(xiang)費(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。