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為(wei)堅(jian)持市場化(hua)方向，進一步深化(hua)燃煤發電(dian)上網(wang)電(dian)價形成(cheng)機制(zhi)改(gai)革，平穩(wen)有(you)序放開競爭性(xing)環(huan)節電(dian)力(li)價格(ge)，經國務院(yuan)同(tong)意，日前國家(jia)發展改(gai)革委(wei)出臺(tai)《關(guan)于深化(hua)燃煤發電(dian)上網(wang)電(dian)價形成(cheng)機制(zhi)改(gai)革的(de)指導意見》。國家(jia)發展改(gai)革委(wei)有(you)關(guan)負(fu)責人(ren)就相關(guan)情況回答了(le)記者提問。

問：為什么要深化燃煤發電上網電價形成機制改革？

答：中共中央、國(guo)(guo)務院(yuan)《關于推進價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)的(de)(de)若干(gan)意見》和《關于進一步(bu)深化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)的(de)(de)若干(gan)意見》明確(que)提出，要(yao)按(an)照(zhao)“管住(zhu)中間，放開(kai)(kai)兩(liang)頭”的(de)(de)體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)架(jia)構，推進電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)市(shi)場(chang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)，有(you)序(xu)(xu)放開(kai)(kai)競爭環節(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)，建立主要(yao)由市(shi)場(chang)決(jue)定價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)的(de)(de)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)，這(zhe)為(wei)深化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)市(shi)場(chang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)指明了方(fang)向。燃(ran)煤發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)保障我國(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)供應(ying)的(de)(de)主力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，平穩(wen)有(you)序(xu)(xu)放開(kai)(kai)燃(ran)煤發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)上(shang)網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)，是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)市(shi)場(chang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)的(de)(de)重(zhong)點任務，也是(shi)深化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)市(shi)場(chang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)的(de)(de)關鍵。為(wei)深入貫徹落實黨中央、國(guo)(guo)務院(yuan)決(jue)策部署，迫切需(xu)要(yao)抓住(zhu)時機(ji)，進一步(bu)深化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)燃(ran)煤發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)上(shang)網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)形成機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)。

深化(hua)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)上網(wang)(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)是(shi)(shi)推(tui)進(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)市場化(hua)改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)的(de)必然要求。2004年，經國務(wu)院批準(zhun)，我委建立(li)了現(xian)(xian)行燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)標桿(gan)(gan)(gan)上網(wang)(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)和(he)(he)(he)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)聯動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)，這一(yi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)的(de)建立(li)和(he)(he)(he)運行，對規(gui)范政(zheng)府(fu)定(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)行為、促進(jin)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)側價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)體(ti)系合(he)理(li)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)、激(ji)勵電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)企業效率(lv)提升(sheng)、推(tui)動(dong)(dong)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)及上下游產業健康發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)揮了重要作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)。當前，隨著電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)體(ti)制(zhi)改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)的(de)不(bu)(bu)斷推(tui)進(jin)，現(xian)(xian)行燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)標桿(gan)(gan)(gan)上網(wang)(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)和(he)(he)(he)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)聯動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)不(bu)(bu)適應形(xing)勢(shi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)變化(hua)的(de)矛盾越來越突(tu)出。首先，難(nan)(nan)以(yi)(yi)反(fan)映電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)市場供(gong)(gong)求變化(hua)。燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)標桿(gan)(gan)(gan)上網(wang)(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)基(ji)于成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)因(yin)素確(que)定(ding)(ding)，難(nan)(nan)以(yi)(yi)及時、準(zhun)確(que)地反(fan)映電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)供(gong)(gong)求關系變化(hua)，特別是(shi)(shi)難(nan)(nan)以(yi)(yi)適應近年來電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)供(gong)(gong)求相對寬(kuan)松的(de)形(xing)勢(shi)。其次，難(nan)(nan)以(yi)(yi)反(fan)映燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)變化(hua)。近幾(ji)年，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)高位運行，燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)上升(sheng)，但在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)供(gong)(gong)求相對寬(kuan)松的(de)背景下，燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)標桿(gan)(gan)(gan)上網(wang)(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)難(nan)(nan)以(yi)(yi)聯動(dong)(dong)上調。第三，難(nan)(nan)以(yi)(yi)繼續發(fa)(fa)(fa)揮“定(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)之錨(mao)”作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)。燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)上網(wang)(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)同電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源、環節電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)定(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)“錨(mao)”，因(yin)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)缺乏(fa)彈性且自身(shen)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)不(bu)(bu)完善，導致其“定(ding)(ding)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)之錨(mao)”作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)明顯減弱(ruo)，客(ke)觀上不(bu)(bu)利于水電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、核電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)氣發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等上網(wang)(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)以(yi)(yi)及跨省跨區送電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)的(de)合(he)理(li)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)。總(zong)的(de)看，現(xian)(xian)行價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)機(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)已難(nan)(nan)以(yi)(yi)繼續形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)有(you)效的(de)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)信號，迫(po)切需要堅(jian)持問題導向，加快推(tui)進(jin)市場化(hua)改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)。

深(shen)化燃煤發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)格形(xing)成機制(zhi)(zhi)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)有利于促進(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)、優化電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)資源配置。近年(nian)來，我國電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)不(bu)斷(duan)深(shen)化。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)的核(he)心之一(yi)，與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)市場(chang)建(jian)設、售電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)側改(gai)(gai)革(ge)、放(fang)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)計劃等其他(ta)專項改(gai)(gai)革(ge)相(xiang)互交融、互為(wei)支(zhi)撐。深(shen)化燃煤發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)上(shang)網電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)，構建(jian)市場(chang)化的價(jia)(jia)格形(xing)成機制(zhi)(zhi)，平穩有序放(fang)開(kai)燃煤發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)上(shang)網電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)，將有力(li)(li)(li)推動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)交易市場(chang)建(jian)設發(fa)(fa)展，加快形(xing)成能(neng)夠(gou)有效反映電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)供求變(bian)化、體(ti)(ti)現煤電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功能(neng)作(zuo)用的價(jia)(jia)格信號。這將對協同(tong)推進(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)，促進(jin)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)行業(ye)結構調整，優化電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)資源配置，推動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)、煤炭上(shang)下游行業(ye)協調發(fa)(fa)展，保障能(neng)源供應(ying)安全(quan)發(fa)(fa)揮重要作(zuo)用。

深化(hua)(hua)燃(ran)煤(mei)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)上(shang)網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價形(xing)成(cheng)機(ji)制改(gai)革具(ju)備(bei)堅實基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)。當(dang)前(qian)是深化(hua)(hua)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)改(gai)革的難(nan)得時(shi)機(ji)，具(ju)備(bei)諸多(duo)有利條(tiao)件。首(shou)先，輸(shu)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價改(gai)革已實現全(quan)覆蓋，“準(zhun)許(xu)成(cheng)本+合理收(shou)益”的定(ding)價機(ji)制基(ji)本建立；經(jing)營性發(fa)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)計劃已經(jing)全(quan)面放開(kai)，市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)條(tiao)件加快(kuai)健全(quan)。其次，電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)規模不(bu)斷擴大。2018年(nian)，全(quan)國市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)約(yue)2.17萬億千(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi)，比2017年(nian)增長30.7%。電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)現貨市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)開(kai)始建立。發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)企業、售電(dian)(dian)(dian)公司、電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)用戶等主體的市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)意(yi)識加快(kuai)形(xing)成(cheng)，各類主體參與市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)的意(yi)愿(yuan)不(bu)斷增強。第(di)三，當(dang)前(qian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)供需總體相對(dui)寬(kuan)松，燃(ran)煤(mei)機(ji)組發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)利用小時(shi)數(shu)連年(nian)低于(yu)設計利用水平，市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價明(ming)顯低于(yu)燃(ran)煤(mei)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)標桿上(shang)網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價，市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)改(gai)革后燃(ran)煤(mei)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)上(shang)網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價不(bu)具(ju)備(bei)上(shang)漲的基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)。

問：此次改革的總體思路和核心內容是什么？

答：此次改革，總體思路是貫徹落實(shi)黨中央、國務院決策部署，按照“放(fang)(fang)(fang)開(kai)兩(liang)頭”的(de)(de)要求，堅(jian)持(chi)市(shi)場(chang)化方向，構建(jian)“基(ji)準價(jia)(jia)(jia)+上下浮動”的(de)(de)市(shi)場(chang)化價(jia)(jia)(jia)格機制，平(ping)穩(wen)有序地放(fang)(fang)(fang)開(kai)燃(ran)(ran)煤(mei)(mei)發(fa)電上網(wang)電價(jia)(jia)(jia)。在(zai)方向上，強(qiang)調(diao)凡是能放(fang)(fang)(fang)給市(shi)場(chang)的(de)(de)堅(jian)決放(fang)(fang)(fang)給市(shi)場(chang)，政府不進(jin)(jin)行不當干預，最大(da)程度放(fang)(fang)(fang)開(kai)燃(ran)(ran)煤(mei)(mei)發(fa)電上網(wang)電價(jia)(jia)(jia)，為全面(mian)放(fang)(fang)(fang)開(kai)競爭性環節電力價(jia)(jia)(jia)格、加快確(que)立(li)市(shi)場(chang)在(zai)電力資源配置中的(de)(de)決定性作用奠定堅(jian)實(shi)基(ji)礎(chu)。在(zai)方法上，強(qiang)調(diao)平(ping)穩(wen)有序、分步實(shi)施，逐步擴(kuo)大(da)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格形成(cheng)機制彈性，防范簡(jian)單放(fang)(fang)(fang)開(kai)引發(fa)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格大(da)幅波(bo)動，穩(wen)步實(shi)現全面(mian)放(fang)(fang)(fang)開(kai)燃(ran)(ran)煤(mei)(mei)發(fa)電上網(wang)電價(jia)(jia)(jia)目標，確(que)保改革平(ping)穩(wen)推進(jin)(jin)。

核(he)心改(gai)革內容包括五(wu)個方面：

一(yi)是將現(xian)(xian)行(xing)燃煤(mei)標桿上(shang)網電(dian)價(jia)機(ji)制改為“基(ji)準(zhun)價(jia)+上(shang)下浮動”的(de)市場(chang)化價(jia)格機(ji)制，基(ji)準(zhun)價(jia)按各地現(xian)(xian)行(xing)燃煤(mei)發電(dian)標桿上(shang)網電(dian)價(jia)確定，浮動幅(fu)度范圍(wei)為上(shang)浮不(bu)超過10%、下浮原則上(shang)不(bu)超過15%。國家發展改革(ge)委(wei)適時對基(ji)準(zhun)價(jia)和浮動范圍(wei)進行(xing)調整。

二(er)是現(xian)執行標(biao)桿(gan)上網電(dian)(dian)價(jia)的(de)(de)(de)燃煤發電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)量中，具(ju)備市(shi)場(chang)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)條(tiao)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)，上網電(dian)(dian)價(jia)由(you)市(shi)場(chang)化方(fang)式在(zai)“基(ji)準價(jia)+上下浮(fu)動”范(fan)圍內(nei)形成，并以年(nian)度合同為(wei)主確定；現(xian)貨市(shi)場(chang)實際運行的(de)(de)(de)地(di)方(fang)，可按現(xian)貨市(shi)場(chang)規則執行；暫不具(ju)備市(shi)場(chang)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)條(tiao)件(jian)或沒有參與(yu)市(shi)場(chang)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)工商(shang)業用戶用電(dian)(dian)對應的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)量，仍按基(ji)準價(jia)執行。

三(san)是燃煤(mei)發電電量(liang)(liang)中居(ju)民、農(nong)業用(yong)戶用(yong)電對(dui)應的電量(liang)(liang)仍(reng)按基準價執行。

四是已按(an)市(shi)(shi)場化(hua)交易規則形成上網(wang)電(dian)價的燃煤發電(dian)電(dian)量，繼續按(an)現行市(shi)(shi)場化(hua)規則執(zhi)行。

五(wu)是(shi)改革后，現行煤電價格聯動機制不再執行。

問：此次改革會對電力市場發展、煤電行業發展、電力用戶等帶來哪些影響？

答：此次(ci)改革(ge)，將(jiang)對電(dian)(dian)力體制改革(ge)、電(dian)(dian)力市場發(fa)展、行業上下游發(fa)展和(he)降低用(yong)戶用(yong)電(dian)(dian)成(cheng)本(ben)等多個領域產生廣泛和(he)積極的影響，可概括為“四個有利于”。

一是有利于加(jia)快(kuai)確立市(shi)場在電(dian)(dian)力資源(yuan)配置中(zhong)的決定性作用(yong)、更好發(fa)(fa)(fa)揮政府作用(yong)。當前，我國(guo)燃(ran)(ran)煤發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)約占全部發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)的65%。此次改(gai)革將燃(ran)(ran)煤發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)標桿上(shang)(shang)網電(dian)(dian)價和(he)煤電(dian)(dian)價格聯動機制(zhi)改(gai)為(wei)“基準價+上(shang)(shang)下(xia)浮動”的市(shi)場化(hua)(hua)價格機制(zhi)，可以有效反映電(dian)(dian)力供求(qiu)變(bian)化(hua)(hua)，促進(jin)電(dian)(dian)力資源(yuan)進(jin)一步優化(hua)(hua)配置。

二(er)是有利(li)于促進電力市場(chang)(chang)加快(kuai)發(fa)展。此次(ci)改革(ge)明確執行(xing)“基準價(jia)+上下浮動”市場(chang)(chang)化(hua)價(jia)格機制的上網電量，具體(ti)價(jia)格由交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)雙方(fang)通過市場(chang)(chang)化(hua)方(fang)式形成，這將(jiang)顯(xian)著增(zeng)大市場(chang)(chang)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)主(zhu)體(ti)數量、拓展市場(chang)(chang)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)規(gui)模，為電力交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)市場(chang)(chang)規(gui)范發(fa)展、售電公(gong)司加快(kuai)發(fa)展創造巨大空間(jian)。

三是有利(li)于(yu)煤(mei)電(dian)及上(shang)(shang)下游(you)行業(ye)平穩健康發展(zhan)。此次改革更(geng)加注重著眼中長期加快(kuai)健全(quan)市場化價(jia)格(ge)形成機制，通過(guo)促進電(dian)力市場發展(zhan)、輔助服務市場培育，推動(dong)煤(mei)電(dian)行業(ye)結構(gou)調整，實現高質量發展(zhan)。同時，考慮(lv)到各地情況差異較大，明確短期內暫不具(ju)備市場交易(yi)條(tiao)件的電(dian)量仍可按基準價(jia)執行，有利(li)于(yu)保障行業(ye)上(shang)(shang)下游(you)平穩運行。

四是有(you)利(li)(li)于促進(jin)降低企業用(yong)(yong)電成本。當前，全國(guo)電力(li)供需相對寬松。抓住時機(ji)深化改革，將燃煤(mei)(mei)發電標(biao)桿(gan)上網電價和煤(mei)(mei)電價格聯動機(ji)制(zhi)改為“基準價＋上下浮(fu)動”的市場化機(ji)制(zhi)，且明(ming)確(que)2020年電價暫不上浮(fu)，有(you)利(li)(li)于充分(fen)發揮(hui)市場機(ji)制(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)，更(geng)好(hao)發揮(hui)政府調控作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)，進(jin)一步(bu)降低企業用(yong)(yong)電成本。

問：改革實施后，各類用戶用電成本會有什么變化？

答：簡單講，改革后各類(lei)用戶的用電成(cheng)本將呈現(xian)“三不變(bian)，一(yi)降低”。

一是(shi)居民(min)、農業用(yong)戶電(dian)價(jia)水平(ping)不變，由(you)電(dian)網企業保障供(gong)應，銷售電(dian)價(jia)繼續執行各地(di)目錄電(dian)價(jia)，確保價(jia)格(ge)水平(ping)穩定，不會增加居民(min)、農業用(yong)電(dian)負(fu)擔。

二是已參與電(dian)力市(shi)場化交易的用戶電(dian)價(jia)水平不變，繼續(xu)按現行市(shi)場規(gui)則(ze)形(xing)成價(jia)格(ge)。

三(san)是不(bu)(bu)具備市場(chang)(chang)交易條件或沒有參與市場(chang)(chang)交易的工商(shang)業用戶(hu)電價(jia)水平不(bu)(bu)變，可繼(ji)續(xu)執行各地目錄電價(jia)。

四是采用“基準價(jia)+上下浮動”方式參與市(shi)場的用戶電價(jia)水平(ping)有所降低。改革為現(xian)未參與市(shi)場交易的電力用戶增加(jia)了一種選(xuan)擇，且明確2020年暫不上浮，確保工商業平(ping)均(jun)電價(jia)只降不升。

問：現行燃煤發電的環保電價政策會有什么變化？

答：改革明確(que)現行(xing)環保電(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)政策維持(chi)不變(bian)。執行(xing)“基(ji)準價(jia)(jia)(jia)+上(shang)(shang)(shang)下浮動(dong)”市場(chang)化價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)機制的燃煤(mei)發(fa)電(dian)電(dian)量(liang)，原(yuan)標(biao)桿上(shang)(shang)(shang)網(wang)電(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)包含的脫(tuo)(tuo)硫、脫(tuo)(tuo)硝、除塵(chen)(chen)電(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)，基(ji)準價(jia)(jia)(jia)仍然包含。由電(dian)網(wang)企業保障供應(ying)的電(dian)量(liang)，在(zai)執行(xing)基(ji)準價(jia)(jia)(jia)的同時，繼續執行(xing)現行(xing)超低(di)排(pai)放電(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)政策。燃煤(mei)發(fa)電(dian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)網(wang)電(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)完全放開由市場(chang)形成的，上(shang)(shang)(shang)網(wang)電(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)中包含脫(tuo)(tuo)硫、脫(tuo)(tuo)硝、除塵(chen)(chen)電(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)和超低(di)排(pai)放電(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)，保持(chi)現行(xing)規則不變(bian)。

問：改革后，原來與燃煤發電標桿上網電價相關聯的其他電源電價政策如何銜接？

答：改(gai)革明確穩(wen)定(ding)可再生(sheng)能源發電(dian)價補機(ji)制和(he)核(he)電(dian)、燃氣(qi)發電(dian)、跨省跨區(qu)送電(dian)等價格(ge)形成機(ji)制，原先(xian)參考燃煤發電(dian)上(shang)網標桿電(dian)價的(de)，改(gai)為參考基準價。

納(na)入國家(jia)補貼(tie)范圍的可(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)源發(fa)電(dian)(dian)項目上網電(dian)(dian)價在(zai)當(dang)地(di)燃煤發(fa)電(dian)(dian)基準價以內的部分，由當(dang)地(di)省(sheng)級電(dian)(dian)網結算(suan)，高(gao)出部分按程序申(shen)請國家(jia)可(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)源發(fa)展基金補貼(tie)。

新(xin)投產(chan)(chan)核電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機組(zu)(zu)所在(zai)地燃(ran)(ran)煤發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)基(ji)準(zhun)價(jia)高于(yu)全(quan)國核電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)標桿上(shang)網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)（0.43元(yuan)/千(qian)瓦時）的，新(xin)投產(chan)(chan)核電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機組(zu)(zu)上(shang)網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)執行全(quan)國核電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)標桿上(shang)網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)；所在(zai)地燃(ran)(ran)煤發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)基(ji)準(zhun)價(jia)低(di)于(yu)0.43元(yuan)/千(qian)瓦時的，新(xin)投產(chan)(chan)核電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機組(zu)(zu)上(shang)網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)執行所在(zai)地燃(ran)(ran)煤發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)基(ji)準(zhun)價(jia)。

各地在核定(ding)燃氣(qi)發電(dian)(dian)上網電(dian)(dian)價(jia)時，最高電(dian)(dian)價(jia)不得超過當地燃煤發電(dian)(dian)基準價(jia)0.35元/千瓦時。

送(song)、受電省(sheng)份(fen)在協(xie)商跨(kua)省(sheng)跨(kua)區(qu)送(song)電價格時，原參考受電省(sheng)份(fen)燃(ran)(ran)煤發電標桿(gan)上網電價的，改為參考受電省(sheng)份(fen)燃(ran)(ran)煤發電基(ji)準價。